You're reading book four of Homer's the Odyssey in its original Greek.

你正在閱讀的是希臘文原版的荷馬史詩《奧德賽》第四部。

And just as you get to the best part, which obviously is when the nymph is giving Menelaus, king of the Spartans, instructions on how to catch Proteus, the old man of the sea.

就在你到達最精彩的部分時，顯然是當仙女向斯巴達國王墨涅拉俄斯指示如何捕捉海中老人普羅透斯時。

You read the line:

你念到：

And you're like, wait a minute, what?

你會想，等等，什麼？

When I read this passage in my 1932 translation of the Odyssey by Te Lawrence, it said that Menelaus should wait until he sees Proteus settle down.

當我在 1932 年翻譯的特勞倫斯的《奧德賽》中讀到這段話時，它說墨涅拉俄斯應該等到他看到普羅透斯安定下來。

But given the πρώτα is Greek for first, the more accurate translation isn't that men should wait until Proteus settles down, but to wait until his first sleep.

但考慮到πρώτα在希臘文中是「第一」的意思，更準確的翻譯不是男人應該等到普羅透斯安定下來，而是等到他第一次睡覺。

What's going on here?

這是怎麼回事？

Wait, that hasn't happened to you?

等等，你沒遇到過這種情況？

Well, jeez, then you must not be historian, A. Roger Eckrich, author of the seminal 2001 paper, Sleep We Have lost: Pre-industrial Slumber in the British Isles.

好吧，天哪，那麼你一定不是歷史學家，A. Roger Eckrich，2001 年開創性論文《我們失去的睡眠：不列顛群島的工業化前的沉睡》的作者。

But while I have you here, why don't I tell you about why a mistranslation of Homer is actually proof that Western society has been fundamentally misunderstanding human sleep patterns for over 200 years?

但既然我邀請你們來到這裡，為什麼我不告訴你們為什麼荷馬史詩的誤譯實際上證明西方社會 200 多年來一直從根本上誤解了人類的睡眠模式呢？

So, you know sleep, right?

所以，你知道睡覺，對吧？

You lay down on a soft table, close your eyes and watch a strange confusing improv show starring your mom, your third-grade teacher and all your greatest fears until the sun comes up, right? Wrong.

你躺在柔軟的桌子上，閉上眼睛，看一場由你媽媽、三年級老師和你所有最害怕的人主演的奇怪混亂的即興表演，直到太陽昇起，對嗎？錯！

It turns out that the modern monophasic sleep pattern, 18-hour period of sleep or let's be honest, 15-hour period of insomnia and self-hatred is just that modern.

事實證明，現代的單相睡眠模式，18 小時的睡眠時間，或者說實話，15 小時的失眠和自我憎恨時間，就是這麼現代。

Before we had new-fangled technology like candles and light bulbs and five-hour energy sleep occurred in two, two distinct periods.

在我們擁有蠟燭和燈泡等新技術之前，五小時的能量睡眠發生在兩個、兩個不同的時期。

People would typically go to bed a bit after sundown sleep about four hours and then wake up in the middle of the night for an hour or two and then go back to sleep for around four more hours until the sun came up.

人們通常會在日落後上床睡覺大約四個小時，然後在半夜醒來一兩個小時，然後再睡大約四個小時，直到太陽升起。

During that wakeful night time period, people would do a number of things; pray, interpret dreams, write, visit neighbors or even do the thing adult couples tend to do when they love each other very much: argue.

在夜間清醒的時候人們會做很多事情，祈禱、解夢、寫作、拜訪鄰居，甚至做成年夫婦在深愛對方時經常做的：爭吵。

And if you look closely at the historical and literary record, you would have known that.

如果你仔細觀察歷史和文學記錄，你就會知道這一點，

But you didn't do that, did you?

但你沒有這樣做，不是嗎？

Now, you probably don't even know where the historical and literary record is.

現在，你可能都不知道歷史和文學記錄在哪裡。

But you know who did? A. Roger Eckrich.

但你知道誰知道嗎？A. Roger Eckrich。

He found over 500 references to interrupted sleep in 15th-century prayer books, Charles Dickens novels, Don Quixote, old ballad's diaries, even a 16-century French doctor's manual that recommended couples conceive during the wakefulness period as they will quote, have more enjoyment and quote, do it better.

他在 15 世紀的祈禱書、查爾斯狄更斯的小說、堂吉訶德、古老民謠的日記，甚至一本 16 世紀的法國醫生手冊中發現了 500 多處提到睡眠中斷的內容，正如他們引用的那樣，建議夫婦在清醒期間懷孕，享受更多樂趣並引用，做得更好。

But because historians and translators spent about 200 years assuming that the past couldn't possibly have been different from the present,

但由於歷史學家和翻譯家花了大約 200 年的時間假設過去不可能與現在不同，

we've been misinterpreting and mistranscending some of these references for years, including that passage and the Odyssey.

多年來我們一直在誤解和超越其中的一些參考文獻，包括那段經文和《奧德賽》。

And this biphasic sleep schedule isn't just supported by historical research, but experimental research.

這種雙相睡眠時間表不僅得到歷史研究的支持，也得到實驗研究的支持。

In fact, it may be that biphasic sleep is the natural human sleep pattern.

但實驗研究表明，事實上，雙相睡眠可能是人類的自然睡眠模式。

We've known for a long time that animals typically exhibit polyphasic sleep.

我們很早就知道，動物通常表現出多相睡眠。

If you know what poly means because you took Greek or you're on some very specific subreddits, you can probably piece together that polyphasic sleep means sleeping in multiple periods.

如果你因為學過希臘語或在一些非常具體的 Reddit 子版塊上而知道「poly」的意思，那麼你可能可以拼湊出多相睡眠意味著在多個時段睡覺。

Many species including most mammals specifically show a pattern of biphasic sleep.

許多物種，包括大多數哺乳動物，都特別表現出雙相睡眠模式。

Now, for a long time, researchers thought that humans were fundamentally different than other animals and that we naturally exhibited monophasic sleep.

現在，很長一段時間以來，研究人員認為人類與其他動物有根本的不同，我們自然地表現出單相睡眠。

But it turns out that naturally, we're actually probably the same as other animals and that researchers had just forgotten that other animals don't use light bulbs.

但事實證明，自然地，我們實際上可能和其他動物一樣，而研究人員只是忘記了其他動物不使用燈泡。

But one day, one valiant researcher did what no one before him had done and remember that light bulbs do in fact exist.

但有一天，一位勇敢的研究人員做了他之前沒有人做過的事情，並記住燈泡確實存在。

Thomas Wehr, who in 1992 did an experiment to determine people's natural sleeping cycle.

Thomas Wehr，1992 年做了一項實驗來確定人們的自然睡眠週期。

He rounded up seven men because while we had heroically remembered that light bulbs exist he had unfortunately forgotten that women also exist and forced them to experience darkness for 14 hours each day for one month.

他圍捕了 7 名男子，因為雖然我們勇敢地記住了燈泡的存在，但不幸的是，他卻忘記了女性也存在，並迫使她們在一個月內每天經歷 14 個小時的黑暗。

Over time, the experimental subjects settled into a distinct pattern.

隨著時間的推移，實驗對象形成了獨特的模式。

They would go to sleep for about four hours, wake up for 1 to 3 hours and then go back to sleep for another four hours.

他們會睡大約四個小時，醒來一到三個小時，然後再睡四個小時。

Sound familiar?

聽起來很熟悉?

Now, you may be wondering, "Hey, Sam, why did we stop sleeping that way?"

現在，您可能想知道：「嘿，薩姆，為什麼我們不再那樣睡覺了？」

And if you are wondering that, I'm disappointed because I literally just reminded you about how light bulbs exist.

如果你想知道這一點，我很失望，因為我實際上只是提醒你燈泡是如何存在的。

You see, back before artificial lighting, night was considered a terrifying time full of various thieves, vagabonds, miscreant swindlers, scoundrels, ruffians and scallywags.

要知道，在人工照明出現之前，夜晚被認為是一個可怕的時刻，充滿了各種小偷、流浪漢、不懷好意的騙子、惡棍、惡棍和惡棍。

When the sun went down, anyone who wasn't a licensed scally wag went to bed.

太陽下山後，所有沒有執照的鱗片小丑都去睡覺了。的推動下，夜晚的聲譽越來越高。

But much like Robert Downey Junior, the night became more reputable over time.

但就像小勞勃道尼一樣，隨著時間的推移，這個夜晚變得越來越有名。

Fueled by the reformation and counter-reformation, church services began to be held at night, so congregants could avoid persecution, A trend that eventually bled into social life for those who could afford candlelight.

在宗教改革和反宗教改革的推動下，教會禮拜開始在晚上舉行，這樣教眾就可以避免迫害，這種趨勢最終滲透到那些買得起燭光的人的社會生活中。

Later, as cities developed street lights and we invented cheaper oil and lamps.

後來，隨著城市發展了路燈，我們發明了更便宜的石油和燈。

And eventually the say with me, light bulb going out at night became more fashionable.

最後我說，晚上燈泡熄滅變得更時尚。

And all the while the industrial revolutions focus on efficiency and time consciousness, ushered along widespread adoption of monophasic sleep schedules.

工業革命始終關注效率和時間意識，促進了單相睡眠時間表的廣泛採用。

And just by the way to all you Spanish commenters who I know are absolutely foaming at the mouth right now, I know about siestas, and you're right.

順便說一句，我知道你們現在口吐白沫的所有西班牙評論者，我知道午睡，你們是對的。

Siestas a short afternoon nap, usually after lunch are historically common in many parts of the world, including Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, mainland China, the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East.

午睡（通常是午餐後）歷來在世界許多地方都很常見，包括南歐、地中海、中國大陸、印度次大陸和中東。

Although prevalence of midday naps is down, as many countries adopt a more westernized work culture.

儘管午睡的流行率有所下降，但由於許多國家採用了更西化的工作文化。

But first of all, siestas and interrupted sleep are different things.

但首先，午睡和睡眠中斷是不同的事。

And second of all, I can't fit everything into every video.

其次，我無法將所有內容放入每個影片中。

All right, I've got a word limits.

好吧，我有字數限制。

If I go over it, then I get cut off before I can finish.

如果我越過，那麼在我完成之前就會被切斷。

Nebula is a streaming service I started with a bunch of my creator friends and while I've talked about it in a lot of videos today, I wanna come clean and tell you guys the truth about Nebula.

Nebula 是一個串流媒體服務，我和我的一群創作者朋友一起開始，雖然我今天在很多影片中談論過它，但我想坦白告訴你們關於 Nebula 的真相。

It rocks!.

他很屌！

Nebula ot only has ad-free versions of all the YouTube videos you know and love,

Nebula 不僅提供您熟悉和喜愛的所有 YouTube 影片的無廣告版本，

it's also got originals you can only get there, including an HAI Brick special and trivia show.

這裡還有隻在那裡才能看到的原創內容，包括 HAI Brick 特別節目和問答節目。

Win over documentaries and companion videos to HAI episodes including ones where we show you all the extra jokes, my writers wrote for episodes, but that I heartlessly cut for time/ appropriateness.

贏得 HAI 劇集的紀錄片和套裝影片，包括我們向您展示所有額外笑話的以騙，這些笑話是我的編劇為劇集寫的，但我為了時間/適當性而無情地剪掉了它們。

And we partnered with another incredible streaming site Curiosity Stream to offer a pretty crazy bundle deal, $14.79 during the current sale for an entire year of Nebula and Curiosity Stream,

我們與另一個令人難以置信的串流媒體網站 Curiosity Stream 合作，提供了相當瘋狂的捆綁優惠，在當前的 Nebula 和 Curiosity Stream 全年銷售期間，價格為 14.79 美元，

which is home to thousands of fantastic documentaries, including Curious Minds: The Science of Sleep.

是數千部精彩紀錄片的所在地，其中包括《好奇心：睡眠科學》。

So to get that bundle and support HAI, click the button on screen or go to curiositystream.com/haI.

因此，要取得該捆綁包並支支持 HAI，請點擊螢幕上的按鈕或造訪curusstream.com/haI。