In today's video, we will explore the disgusting world of mouth parts, regurgitation, digestive juices and potential contamination.

在今天的影片中，我們將探索口腔部位、反芻、消化液和潛在汙染的噁心世界。

Trust me, you won't ever look at the common house fly the same way again.

相信我，在我們深入探討之前，你再也不會用同樣的眼光看待普通的家蠅了。

Before we get into the nitty gritty, let's get to know our tiny and annoying airborne visitors a little better.

讓我們來認識一下這些惱人的空中小訪客吧。

Flies, those buzzing aerial acrobats are far more than just annoying pests.

這些嗡嗡作響的空中雜技演員可不僅僅是惱人的害蟲。

They're incredible insects with a crucial role in ecosystems, from pollination to decomposition.

它們是不可思議的昆蟲，在從授粉到分解的生態系統中發揮著至關重要的作用。

Flies are nature's cleanup crew.

蒼蠅是大自然的清潔工。

They are key players in the decomposition process, breaking down organic matter like dead animals, plant material and other debris.

它們是分解過程中的關鍵角色，可以分解動物屍體、植物材料和其他碎屑等有機物。

Certain fly species such as blow flies and flesh flies, lay their eggs on decomposing matter.

某些種類的蒼蠅（如吹蠅和肉蠅）會在腐爛物上產卵。

When the eggs hatch, the larvae commonly known as maggots consume the decaying material, accelerating its decomposition and recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

卵孵化後，俗稱蛆蟲的幼蟲會吞噬腐爛物質，加速其分解，並將養分回收到生態系統中。

While some flies feed on nectar and pollen like bees, others have more eclectic diets.

有些蒼蠅則像蜜蜂一樣以花蜜和花粉為食，其他的飲食則更加不拘一格。

For example, fruit flies are attracted to over ripe or fermenting fruits, aiding in their decomposition.

例如，果蠅會被過熟或發酵的水果吸引，幫助水果分解。

House flies are well-known for their attraction to food waste, including leftovers, spoiled food and organic waste.

眾所周知，家蠅喜歡吃食物垃圾，包括剩菜剩飯、變質食物和有機垃圾。

Their ability to consume and break down food waste plays a role in nutrient recycling and decomposition.

它們消耗和分解食物殘渣的能力在營養循環和分解方面發揮了作用。

Contributing to the ecosystem's balance.

促進生態系統平衡。

Flies are also notorious for their affinity for animal and human excrement.

蒼蠅還因喜歡動物和人類的排洩物而臭名昭著。

Yuck.

噁。

This behavior might seem unpleasant but it serves an ecological purpose.

這種行為看似令人討厭，但它以排洩物為食，從而達到了生態目的。

By feeding on excrement, flies accelerate its decomposition, aiding in nutrient cycling and preventing the accumulation of waste in the environment.

蒼蠅能加速其分解，幫助養分循環，防止廢物在環境中積累。

Over time, flies have evolved a fascinating set of mouth parts that are adapted to their specific feeding habits.

隨著時間的推移，蒼蠅進化出了一套奇妙的口腔部件，以適應它們特定的進食習性。

Unlike mammals which have teeth for chewing and grinding food, flies have specialized mouth parts that allow them to consume a wide range of liquid and semi-liquid foods without the ability to chew.

與具有用於咀嚼和研磨食物的牙齒的哺乳動物不同，蒼蠅具有專門的口器，使它們能夠在沒有咀嚼能力的情況下食用各種液體和半液體食物。

The mouth parts of flies are often referred to as sponging mouth parts because they function like a sponge.

蒼蠅的口器通常被稱為海綿口器，因為它們的功能就像海綿一樣。

Since flies don't have jaws or teeth for chewing, their mouth parts are designed to absorb and transport liquid substances.

由於蒼蠅沒有咀嚼用的下頜或牙齒，它們的口腔部位是用來吸收和運輸液體物質的。

The labellum is the main component of a fly's mouth parts.

脣瓣是蒼蠅口部的主要組成部分。

It's a fleshy retractable structure located at the tip of the proboscis.

它是位於長鼻尖端的肉質可伸縮結構。

The long tube like structure extending from the fly's head.

從蒼蠅頭部延伸出來的長管狀結構。

The labellum is covered with tiny hair like structures called sensila which can detect and locate food sources.

唇瓣覆蓋著微小的毛髮狀結構，稱為感受器，可以偵測和定位食物來源。

When a fly lands on a food source, it extends its proboscis and uses the labellum to explore the surface.

當蒼蠅落在食物源上時，它會伸出前喙並用脣瓣探索食物表面。

The sensila on the labellum helped the fly detect moisture and potential food particles.

唇瓣上的感受器可幫助蒼蠅檢測水分和潛在的食物顆粒。

If the substance is liquid or semi-liquid, the fly can use its labellum to absorb the substance through capillary action.

如果物質是液態或半液態的，蒼蠅可以利用脣瓣通過毛細作用吸收物質。

Much like a sponge soaking up liquid.

就像海綿吸收液體一樣。

When they encounter solid food, flies regurgitate saliva onto it.

遇到固體食物時，蒼蠅會將唾液反流到食物上。

This saliva contains enzymes that start breaking down the solid food into a semi-liquid state.

唾液中含有的酶開始將固體食物分解成半液態。

The fly then uses its label them to suck up the softened food.

然後，蒼蠅用標籤吸食軟化的食物。

Now that you know a little bit about the fly's anatomy, picture this:

現在您已經了解了一些蒼蠅的解剖結構，請想像一下：

A fly lands on your sandwich, what's the first thing it does?

一隻蒼蠅落在你的三明治上，它做的第一件事是什麼？

Well, it starts spitting.

好吧，它開始吐口水了。

Yes, you heard that right.

是的，你沒聽錯吧。

Within a matter of seconds after landing, a fly can initiate its feeding process which involves the regurgitation of digestive fluids onto your food to predigest it.

蒼蠅在著陸後幾秒鐘內就能啟動進食過程，將消化液反芻到食物上進行預先消化。

Now that your sandwich is practically liquid gold, the fly uses its spongelike mouth parts to slurp up the nutritious juices.

現在你的三明治幾乎成了液體黃金，蒼蠅會用它海綿狀的口腔部位吮吸營養豐富的果汁。

This unique feeding process allows them to extract nutrients without the need for chewing.

這種獨特的餵食過程讓它們無需咀嚼就能汲取營養。

You have probably noticed that flies appear to rub their front legs together after landing on your food, why is that?

您可能已經注意到，蒼蠅落在食物上後，前腿會摩擦在一起。

This behavior is essentially how a fly cleans or grooms its front legs.

為什麼說這種行為本質上是蒼蠅清潔或梳理前腿的方式呢？

Flies use their legs to explore their environment, gather information about their surroundings and locate sources of food.

蒼蠅用它們的腿來探索環境、收集周圍的資訊和尋找食物來源。

A fly's legs also play a role in their feeding process.

蒼蠅的腿在其進食過程中也發揮著作用。

Grooming helps clean their legs after feeding and prevents any residual digestive fluids from interfering with their ability to fly or sense their environment.

梳理毛髮有助於在進食後清潔它們的腿部，並防止任何殘留的消化液幹擾它們飛行或感知環境的能力。

Here's where it gets really unsettling.

接下來才是真正令人不舒服的地方。

As we have already discussed, flies aren't exactly the cleanest creatures.

正如我們已經討論過的，這些蒼蠅並不是最乾淨的生物。

So, when a fly lands on your food, it can bring along a whole party of bacteria, pathogens and even allergens.

所以當蒼蠅落在你的食物上時，它可能會帶來一大堆細菌病原體甚至過敏原，

These microorganisms can include harmful bacteria like E. coli, salmonella and others which have the potential to make you sick.

這些微生物可能包括大腸桿菌沙門氏菌等有害細菌，它們有可能讓你生病。

Now, before you swear off picnics forever, not every fly spells do.

在你發誓永遠不參加野餐之前，並不是每隻蒼蠅都會這樣做，

But the potential for contamination is real.

但汙染的可能性是真實存在的。

Ingesting these unwelcome Hitchhikers can lead to stomach upset, food poisoning or worse.

這些不受歡迎的 "搭便車者 "可能會導致腸胃不適、食物中毒或更嚴重的後果，

Infants, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable.

嬰兒、老人和免疫系統較弱的人尤其容易受到影響。

So it's not just about a ruined meal;iIt's about your health too.

所以，這不僅僅是毀了一頓飯的問題。這也關係到你的健康。

But fear not, there are ways to protect your food and your health.

但不用擔心，保護食物和健康的方法有很多。

For starters, you should keep your outdoor eating areas clean and free of trash and use covers or mesh screens to keep those pesky flies away.

首先，您應該保持戶外用餐區清潔且沒有垃圾，並使用蓋子或網紗來防止那些討厭的蒼蠅。

You should swiftly tend to spills and crumbs as even small remnants can beckon flies.

您應該迅速處理溢出物和麵包屑，因為即使是很小的殘留物也可能招來蒼蠅。

Be sure to seal trash receptacles firmly and adhere to a routine of disposal to repel flies allured by the scent of waste.

一定要密封好垃圾容器，並遵守處理程序，以驅除被廢物氣味引誘的蒼蠅。

Trim surrounding foliage near open air dining areas to create an inhospitable environment for fly habitation.

修剪露天用餐區附近周圍的樹葉，為蒼蠅棲息創造一個不適合的環境。

Harness the power of natural repellents like citronella, eucalyptus or mint essential oils to craft an atmosphere flies find off pudding.

利用香茅、尤加利或薄荷精油等天然驅蟲劑的力量，營造蒼蠅發現布丁的氛圍。

Additionally, exercise diligent pet waste cleanup.

此外，勤於清理寵物糞便。

With these strategies at your disposal, you can fortify your defenses against the presence of flies, creating a more hygienic and enjoyable environment for dining and daily activities.

透過這些策略，您可以加強對蒼蠅的防禦，為用餐和日常活動創造一個更衛生和愉快的環境。

So the next time a fly lands on your meal, remember the journey it's been on and the potential risks it might bring.

下一次當蒼蠅落在你的飯菜上時，請記住它所經歷的旅程和可能帶來的潛在風險。

If you like this video, please hit the like button and consider subscribing to our channel.

如果您喜歡這段影片，請按讚，並考慮訂閱我們的頻道。

See you in the next video.

下期再見。