The silence shatters when an explosion tears through the streets from a nearby building.

當附近一棟建築物爆炸時，寂靜被打破了。

With the debris rapidly, heading your way.

碎片迅速朝你的方向飛來。

Devastating but rare, the long-term effects created by building explosions are disastrous enough to last a lifetime.

毀滅性但罕見，建築爆炸所造成的長期影響足以持續一生。

In 2020, Samah Hadid compared the building explosion she survived to an earthquake.

在 2020 年，Samah Hadid將她所倖逃脫的建築爆炸比作地震。

The sudden blast shattered her windows, spreading glass across the floor.

突如其來的爆炸震碎了她的窗戶，玻璃碎片散佈在地板上。

As the ceiling rained down on Samah and her infant child, she felt at any moment her home would collapse beneath her.

當天花板如雨般掉在 Samah 和她的嬰兒身上時，她感到隨時她的家可能會倒塌。

This family came out of the rubble alive, but what is you're in a high-rise building?

這家人活著走出了廢墟，但如果你身處一棟高樓大廈呢？

How would you handle the shock wave? How can you be injured?

該如何應對震波呢？你有可能會受到什麼樣的傷害呢？

No matter how they occur, building explosions create caos in a moment.

不論爆炸是如何發生的，它們都能在瞬間造成混亂。

But it's the physical and mental trauma that haunts the survivors like a recurring nightmare.

然而，對於倖存者而言，真正困擾他們的是身心的創傷，它像一場不斷重現的惡夢一樣縈繞著他們。

Should you find yourself in the midst of this frenzy, follow these steps.

如果你發現自己處於這種混亂的狀況之中，請遵循以下步驟。

Step one, stay way from the blast site.

第一步，遠離爆炸現場。

While you cannot help your proximity to the blast during the explosion, afterwards, keep your distance and if possible leave the area immediately.

在爆炸發生時你無法控制自己與爆炸現場的距離，但事後，請保持距離，如果可能的話，立即離開該區域。

If the explosion creates a fireball, the temperature can rise up 4,000 °C (7,232 °F) at the source,

如果爆炸產生火球，源頭處的溫度可能上升到攝氏 4,000 度（華氏 7,232 度）左右，

scorching the human body in an instant and possibly setting off subsequent explosions.

瞬間將人體燒焦，並可能引發隨後的爆炸。

At the detonation site, the air pressure expands outward rapidly, creating a vacuum.

在爆炸點，空氣壓力迅速向外擴展，形成一個真空。

Known as a blast wind, this tiny void refills itself by exerting a massive force that pulls in every nearby object and person.

這種現象被稱為爆風，這個微小的虛空會通過施加巨大的力量來重新填充自己，將附近的每個物體和人都拉入其中。

Stay clear of the epicenter to avoid these high velocity winds.

避免靠近爆炸中心以避免這些高速風。

If you're in the building where the blast occurred, don't use the elevators, and look for emergency officials at the scene.

如果你在爆炸發生的建築物內，請不要使用電梯，並尋找事故現場的緊急救援人員。

And if you're in a building that's safe and away from the site, stay there.

如果你身處一個安全且遠離事故現場的建築物中，請待在那裡。

Avoid your human instinct to rush into danger or you could end up as another victim.

避免你人類本能去冒險，否則你可能會成為另一個受害者。

Step two, stay near the ground.

第二步，保持接近地面。

The explosion sends out a blast wave made of highly compressed air particles, moving faster than the speed of sound.

爆炸會釋放出由高度壓縮的空氣粒子組成的衝擊波，其運動速度快於音速。

On impact, this initial wave causes the most damage to structures and your body.

在碰撞時，這個初始的衝擊波對建築物和你的身體造成最大的損害。

Suck in that gut, because your gastrointestinal tract is completely vulnerable during this blast,

收緊你的腹部，因為在這次爆炸期間，你的胃腸道會很容易受到傷害，

putting your vital organs at risk of internal rupturing and tearing.

這可能使你體內的重要器官面臨破裂的風險。

Keeping low can also keep you safer from the debris flying above your head and the blast wave itself.

保持較低的姿勢也可以讓你避免頭上飛來的碎片和衝擊波本身，更加安全。

After this, if you feel nausea or abdominal pain, seek immediate medical attention.

之後，如果你感到噁心或腹部疼痛，請立即就醫。

Step three, empty your lungs.

第三步，把肺部呼氣一空。

When in crisis, humans naturally desire to hold their breath.

遇到危機時，人類自然傾向於屏住呼吸。

But if your lungs are filled with too much air, they could burst as a shock wave rips through your body.

但如果你的肺部充滿了太多空氣，當衝擊波貫穿你的身體時，它們可能會破裂。

A shock wave is a supersonic concussive force, following the blast wave.

衝擊波是爆炸波之後的一個超音速沖擊力。

This deadly wave expands outward and up, carrying energy as it passes through objects and organs like your lungs.

這股致命的衝擊波向外擴展並向上移動，帶著能量穿過物體和器官，比如你的肺。

Breathing in small intervals will keep the pressure in your lungs low, making them less likely to burst.

間歇呼吸可以保持你肺部的壓力較低，減少它們破裂的可能性。

Step four, stay away from windows.

第四步，遠離窗戶。

Your eyes are sensitive enough to be damaged by the blast wave, even without direct contact,

眼睛非常敏感，即使沒有直接接觸，也可能受到衝擊波的損害，

causing lesions and impairing your vision for life.

這可能導致病變並損害你的視力，影響一生。

Keep your head down though, the real danger is yet to come.

保持低頭，真正的危險還在後頭。

While the blast wave will shatter windows near the site, it's the lethal shock wave that breaks windows further away.

雖然衝擊波會使靠近爆炸地點的窗戶破碎，但致命的衝擊波則會打破更遠處的窗戶。

Stay away from windows to avoid the the flying glass which could cause significant damage to your eyes.

遠離窗戶以避免飛來的玻璃，它可能會對你的眼睛造成重大損害。

Eye injuries are potentially fatal and are suffered by one out of every ten blast survivors.

眼睛受傷可能具有致命的危險，每十名爆炸倖存者中就有一人眼部受傷。

While you might think you're safe at a distance, that bird's eye view could be the last thing you see.

儘管你可能認為你在遠處是安全的，但那種鳥瞰的視角可能會成為你看到的最後一件事情。

Step five, protect your head.

第五步，保護頭部。

Your ears are also dangerously at risk, depending on your orientation to the blast.

你的耳朵也可能面臨風險，這取決於你相對於爆炸的方向。

With the pressure rising to over 103 kilopascals, or 15 pounds per square inch,

隨著壓力上升到超過 103 千帕斯卡（或15磅每平方英寸），

the blast wave is strong enough to rupture your eardrums, possibly causing permanent hearing loss.

爆炸波非常強大，足以讓你的鼓膜破裂，可能導致永久性的聽力損失。

Cover your head with your arms and curl into a ball, tucking your face close to your chest.

用雙臂保護頭部並縮成一團，臉貼近胸部。

Even without a direct hit to the head, the primary blast can be strong enough to cause a concussion or a mild brain injury.

即使沒有直接擊中頭部，主要爆炸也可能足夠強大，造成輕微的腦震盪或腦部輕傷。

While the blast wave ends in milliseconds, the trauma from this event can follow you the rest of your life.

雖然爆炸波在毫秒內結束，但這次事件造成的創傷可能會伴隨你一生。

In addition to the lingering physical damage done to their bodies, survivors of building explosions often suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the guilt of being alive.

除了他們身體上的持續損害外，建築爆炸的倖存者通常還會患上創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD），以及生存的內疚感。

Long after the rubble has been cleared and the dead are laid to rest, people can feel a sense of shame for surviving when many didn't.

即使在瓦礫被清理，死者被安葬後，人們仍可能感到生存下來而感到羞愧，因為有很多人無法倖存。

Consider seeking medical advice when dealing with PTSD or bodily trauma to prevent any of these negative long-term effects.

考慮在處理創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）或身體創傷時尋求醫療建議，以防止出現這些負面的長期影響。

So you kept close to the ground as the shock wave passed over you, but the flames inside your apartment are getting higher.

所以當衝擊波從你身上掠過時，你保持著靠近地面，但你公寓內的火勢越來越高。

With the air getting thinner, it's time to think fast.

由於空氣變得越來越稀薄，現在是時候迅速思考了。

How are you going to survive this fire?

你如何在這場大火中存活下來？

We've got the answer on the next How to Survive.

我們將在下一期《如何生存》的影片中介紹。