It's faster than, hold on,

這比，等一下，

this and safer than this.

這個更安全。

That quick exchange is thanks in large part to these, just a few little wires that make contactless payments possible.

這種快速的交易主要歸功於這些小小的導線，它們使無接觸支付成為可能。

Here's a look inside the tech that makes those payments both quick and secure and why tap-to-pay has taken so long to gain traction in the US.

以下是揭示了使這些支付既快速又安全的技術內部情況，以及為什麼觸控支付在美國推廣花費了這麼長時間。

This is the tech behind tap-to-pay.

這就是「感應支付」背後的技術。(機器發出蜂鳴聲）

At the heart of tap-to-pay is a technology called NFC, or near field communication, which itself is a specific form of RFID or radio frequency identification.

感應支付的核心技術是一種稱為 NFC（近場通訊）的技術，它本身就是一種特定形式的 RFID（無線射頻辨識）技術。

You might be familiar with it as a way to unlock your hotel room, for example.

你可能對他不陌生，例如，用它解鎖飯店的門。

NFC relies on those little wires which are actually antennas.

NFC 依賴那些小小的線路，它們實際上是天線。

The antenna kind of looks like a racetrack and it's a coil of different wires and that's what's used to basically transmit the radio frequency on both sides.

這種天線看起來有點像賽車場，它是由不同的導線組成的線圈，基本上用於在兩側傳輸無線電。

This is Mike Maclennan.

這位是 Mike Maclennan。

He's the general manager of hardware at Square, a company that makes card readers.

他是 Square 公司的體部門的總經理，該公司製造信用卡讀卡器。

And he cracked one open to show us exactly how a tap-to-pay transaction works.

他拆開了一個來向我們展示感應支付交易的確切運作原理。

Reminds me a lot of opening oysters.

這讓我想起了開牡蠣。

Card readers also have those antennas.

讀卡器也有這些天線。

This is the NFC antenna, so this is the magic of what makes NFC transactions work.

這就是 NFC 天線，這就是使 NFC 交易生效的神奇之處。

And you can see, once we pull it off, how thin the NFC antenna is.

當我們將其拆開後，你可以看到 NFC 天線有多薄。

The card and the reader are what he calls passive and active connections.

他稱卡片和讀卡器為被動和主動連接。

The reader is active because it has power, and can initiate radio communication on its own.

讀卡器是主動的，因為它具有電源，可以自己發起無線通訊。

And the card is passive because it doesn't have power and needs to be near an active source to initiate that communication.

而卡片是被動的，因為它沒有電源，需要靠近主動源來啟動通訊。

Tapping your phone works the same way, because your phone emulates the passive card.

用手機輕觸也是同樣的原理，因為你的手機模擬了被動卡片。

What's happening right now is the coil in here is active and it's looking for a card, basically, anywhere within this region up here.

現在發生的事情是這裡的線圈是活動的，它基本上正在尋找卡片，無論在這個區域上方的任何地方。

It's doing that, using a radio frequency specific to NFC devices, which only works at a very short range, a maximum of about four centimeters.

它使用與 NFC 設備特定的無線電頻率來執行這項任務，這種頻率只在非常短的範圍內有效，最多約四公分。

And when the reader finds the card, it requests the information needed for payment.

當讀卡器找到卡片時，它會要求支付所需的資訊。

That information is stored here, in your card's chip.

這些資訊儲存在你卡片的晶片中。

One thing it stores is what's known as static data, meaning information that's the same every time you use your card.

它儲存的一項資訊是所謂的靜態數據，也就是每次使用卡片時都相同的資訊。

That's things like the account number and expiration date.

這些資訊包括帳號號碼和過期日期。

It's what's sent from your card's magnetic stripe when you swipe.

這就是在刷卡時從你卡片的磁條發送的訊息。

But your chip doesn't just send that static data when you tap.

但當你輕觸時，你的晶片不僅僅發送靜態資料。

It also sends something called a cryptogram, a unique string of numbers the issuers use to verify that your card is valid.

它還會發送一個稱為密碼串的東西，這是一串唯一的數字，發卡機構用來驗證你的卡片是否有效。

What the card is doing is it's collecting information from the reader about the transaction,

這張卡的作用是收集資訊從讀者那裡瞭解交易情況，

about the reader specifically, and it's combining that with the the card information using its cryptographic key to create a unique number for that transaction.

讀卡器的具體情況，並將其結合起來使用其加密密鑰，將卡資訊與卡資訊進行比對，為該交易創建一個唯一的編號。

That's what makes it really hard to replicate a card fraudulently is because the card needs to have a cryptographic key that lets them generate that secret code.

這就是難以複製的原因，因為該卡需要擁有加密密鑰讓他們生成密碼。

That information is fed through this, the payment board which sorts to the data that needs from the card and puts it all into an encrypted package.

這些資訊透過支付板傳送，支付板從卡片中獲取所需的數據，並將其全部打包成加密包。

That package then gets sent off to the main board, which then.

然後，這個包被送到主機板，然後...

Sends that on to our servers, which then send it on to the networks like Visa, MasterCard, AMEX,

主機板將其發送到我們的伺服器，然後伺服器將其發送到 Visa、MasterCard、AMEX 等網路，

which then send it on to the issuer and then back with the approval message.

然後，這些網路將其發送給發卡機構，然後再返回批准訊息。

Once you get to this board, it's all encrypted and protected information and so anything beyond this will have a high degree of security involved in it.

一旦資訊到達這個板，它就會被加密和保護起來，所以任何超出這個範圍的操作都將具有高度的安全性。

All of that happens in just a few seconds, faster than inserting your chip.

所有這些都發生在短短幾秒鐘內，比插入晶片更快。

So when you insert a chip card into a reader, there's a few back and forths in that communication whereas in contactless, there's just fewer back and forth.

因此，當你將晶片卡插入讀卡器時，通訊會有一些來回的交互，而在無接觸支付中，交互的次數較少。

It was just built as a more efficient, more streamlined, only the bare necessities kind of information being passed back and forth.

無接觸支付是作為一種更有效率、更精簡的方式設計建構的，只傳遞了必要的最基本訊息。

Card networks and security experts say that this is also more secure than other ways you can use your card.

信用卡網絡和安全專家說這也更安全，比起你可以使用信用卡的其他方式。

Unlike swiping, your static data is better protected during that communication.

與刷卡不同，你的靜態數據在通信過程中得到更好的保護。

And because it doesn't have contact with the reader, it's not susceptible to malware that can affect chip insert transactions on rare occasions.

而且，由於它與讀卡器沒有接觸，所以不容易受到惡意軟體的影響，而惡意軟體有時可能會影響晶片插入交易。

This tap-to-pay technology has taken off in the last few years, in part because of the push for contactless during the pandemic.

這種感應支付技術在過去幾年中迅速發展，部分原因是在疫情期間推動了無接觸支付的需求。

Square says such payments tripled between the beginning of 2020 and the end of 2022.

Square 說此類支付方式從 2020 年初到 2022 年末增加了兩倍。

While other countries like the UK have had contactless integrated into public transportation for years, it's taken the US more than a decade to get here.

雖然像英國等其他國家多年來一直在公共交通中使用無接觸支付，但美國花了超過十年的時間才實現了這一點。

For a whole new way to pay, MasterCard introduces Pay Pass.

全新的支付方式，萬事達卡推出 Pay Pass。

US first started issuing tap-to-pay cards in the 2000s.

美國於 2000 年代開始發行感應支付信用卡。

Peter Rudegair is a Wall Street Journal reporter who covers payments and financial technology.

Peter Rudegair 是《華爾街日報》記者，負責報道支付和金融科技領域的新聞。

Different banks thought it was a cool, new technology and thought their consumers would really flock to it.

不同銀行認為這是一項很酷的新技術，並認為他們的消費者會趨之若鶩。

Didn't really work out just because there were few businesses that were set up to accept tap-to-pay.

這種技術在美國並沒有迅速普及，部分原因是很少企業設置了接受觸控支付的系統。

US Retailers have been slow to replace payment systems, in part because they're expensive to change.

美國的零售商在更換支付系統方面進展較慢，部分原因是更改系統成本高昂。

In 2022, about 55% of merchants said they accepted tap-to-pay, with others saying they were planning on implementing it.

2022 年，約 55% 的商家表示他們接受感應支付，其他則表示正在計劃採用。

Consumer behaviors are also difficult to change and the switch to contactless didn't feel urgent.

消費者行為也很難改變，轉向無接觸支付似乎並不緊迫。

It's just often been described as a solution in search of a problem.

通常被描述為一種在尋找問題的解決方案。

Yes, it might be convenient and yes, it might be safe, but that's not usually enough for people to switch their behavior.

是的，它可能很方便，也可能很安全，但通常這還不足以讓人們改變他們的行為。

The tech still has room to grow and the push to integrate it into more parts of everyday life is working in its favor.

這項技術仍有發展空間，將其整合到日常生活的更多方面的推動將有助於其發展。

In New York, for example, subway riders can now tap-to-pay at turnstiles.

例如，在紐約，地鐵乘客現在可以在閘門處使用感應支付。

So you have this big push to get tap-to-pay into more transportation systems and to get people used to using it every day.

目前正積極推動將感應支付引入更多的交通系統，並讓人們習慣每天使用它。

And if you're gonna use tap-to-pay to get on and off the subway at least twice a day,

如果你每天至少要使用感應支付兩次以上來搭乘地鐵，

maybe you'll also use it for your coffee, your lunch, your drinks.

也許你也會用它來購買咖啡、午餐或飲料。

At least that's the idea that the credit card companies hope happens.

至少是信用卡公司希望發生的事。

Square and other companies have also recently released to the functionality to use the NFC antenna in your phone as the active connection,

Square 和其他公司最近也發布了使用手機上的 NFC 天線作為主動連接的功能，

essentially putting a reader in your pocket, which could make it easier for small retailers to accept card payments.

基本上將一個讀卡器放隨身攜帶，這可能會讓小型零售商更容易接受卡片支付。

This is showing you where it wants you to tap and so the NFC antenna on your phone is right behind this.

這顯示了你需要輕觸的位置，手機上的 NFC 天線就在其後面。

And so when I take my NFC-enabled credit card and I hold it over there, done, transaction complete.

當我拿起我的支援 NFC 的信用卡，將它放在那裡，交易完成。