It came to be properly appreciated that what we know of ourselves in ordinary consciousness comprises only a fraction of what is actually at play within us.

人們開始正確地認可，我們在普通意識中對自己的了解僅包括我們內部實際發揮作用的一小部分。

And that a lot of what we really want, feel, and are is not at our mental fingertips, lying instead in a penumbra of ignorance, fantasy, and denial,

很多我們真正想要、感受和存在的東西並不觸手可及，而是處於無知、幻想和否認的半影中，

which we can only hope to dispel with patient and compassionate efforts, probably with the assistance of an analyst.

我們只能希望透過耐心和具同情心的努力來消除它，可能在諮商師的幫助下。

Sigmund Freud’s "The Interpretation of Dreams", first published in Vienna in 1900, was the landmark study of the workings of this unconscious region,

西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的《夢的解析》出版於 1990 年維也納，是研究潛意識的代表性書籍，

and detailed the mind’s relentless attempts to hide a great many of its most salient truths from itself in the form of dreams,

並詳述了心靈不懈地試圖以夢的形式向自己隱藏許多最顯著的真相，

which might shock, disturb, or excite us while they unfolded, but would then be deliberately forgotten or misunderstood upon our waking.

可能在發生過程讓我們震驚、困擾或興奮，但會在我們醒來時被故意遺忘或誤解。

At much the same time, 700 kilometers to the west, over the border in Switzerland,

差不多同時，往西約 700 公里、瑞士邊界另一端，

another pioneering figure in early psychoanalysis, Carl Jung, took a complimentary but more direct and, arguably, more robust approach.

早期心理分析引領式人物卡爾·榮格採取了當代但更直接且更堅實的手法。

Still only in his late twenties, Jung held a prominent position in Zurich’s foremost psychiatric institution, the Burghölzli Clinic,

雖然仍不滿 30 歲，榮格在蘇黎世最先進的心理研究機構 Burghölzli 診所具有顯著地位，

and had understood that many of his patients were suffering from symptoms created by a conflict

他意識到許多病人都某個衝突引起的症狀而苦，

between what they, deep down, knew of themselves and what their conscious minds could bear to take on board about their feelings and desires.

這個衝突是在他們內心深處對自己的了解與他們意識可以承受關於資深感受和慾望的東西之間。

Someone might, for example, lose all ability to speak because of one or two things they so longed, but were so afraid of communicating to particular people.

舉例而言，有人可能因為一兩件渴望但是不敢讓特定人物知道的事情而失去所有言語能力。

Another might develop a terror of urinating because of a humiliation that they had suffered in childhood,

也有能可能因為童年遭遇的羞辱感而發展出排尿的恐懼，

but that they lacked the wherewithal to remember and process.

而他們缺乏記憶和處理的必要條件。

Following Freud, Jung believed that healing and growth require that we learn to untangle our mental knots,

榮格遵循了佛洛伊德的腳步，相信療癒與成長需要我們學習解開腦中的結，

and more fully appreciate our complicated, sometimes surprising yet real, identities.

並更完全地感激我們複雜但有時驚人卻真實的身份。

Freud had concentrated on interpreting his patients' night-time visions and in listening to them speaking at length in unhampered ways on his therapeutic couch.

佛洛伊德專心於詮釋病患夜間的視像並傾聽他們在他治療椅上以不受阻礙的方式暢談。

Jung felt this took far too much time and was too much at the mercy of the right chemistry between analyst and patient.

榮格認為這太耗時，並且太過仰賴治療師與病人之間良好的化學反應。

So, together with his colleague Franz Riklin, in 1904, he developed what he took to be a more reliable technique, which he termed the "Word Association Test".

所以他和同事弗朗茨·瑞克林在 1904 年介紹了他認為較可靠的技術，他稱之為「字詞聯想測驗」。

In this test, doctor and patient were to sit facing one another, and the doctor would read out a list of one hundred words.

在這項測驗中，醫生和病患需要面對面坐著，而醫生會唸出一百個字。

On hearing each of these, the patient was to say the very first thing that came into their head.

病人在聽到每一個字後，必須講出腦中浮現的第一件事。

It was vital for the success of the test that the patient try never to delay speaking

測驗要成功的要素是，病人試圖不減緩語速，

and that they be strive to be extremely honest in reporting what they were thinking, however embarrassing, strange, or random it might seem.

並盡全力地誠實回報心所想的事，無論看似多麼丟人、奇怪或隨機。

Jung and his colleague quickly realized that they had hit upon an extremely simple yet highly effective method

榮格和他的同事很快地發現他們找到一個極簡單卻高度有效的方法，

for revealing parts of the mind that were normally relegated to the unconscious.

用以揭露一般被分類至潛意識的腦部。

Patients who, in ordinary conversation, would make no allusions to certain topics or concerns,

在正常對話中不會提及某些主題或問題的病患，

would, in a word association session, quickly let slip critical aspects of their true selves.

在字詞聯想測驗中會很快地讓真實自己的面向浮現。

Jung grew especially interested in how long his patients paused after certain word prompts.

榮格對於病人在特定字詞後的停頓時間變得尤其感興趣。

Despite the request that they answer quickly, in relation to certain words, patients tended to grow tongue-tied,

儘管被要求要快速地回答，病人在某些字詞上傾向會舌頭打結，

unable to find anything they could say, and then protesting that the test was silly or cruel.

難以找到任何可以說的話，然後抗議測驗很蠢或殘忍。

Jung did not see this as coincidental.

榮格並不認為這是巧合。

It was precisely where there were the longest silences that the deepest conflicts and neuroses lay.

而最深沈的衝突精神症狀所在正是那些停頓最長的時間點。

A literal tussle could be observed between an unconscious that urgently wanted to say something,

這裡可以觀察到一個字面上的鬥爭，在於迫切想說些什麼的潛意識，

and a conscious overseer that equally urgently wanted to stay very quiet indeed.

以及一個迫切想保持緘默的有意識監督者。

In a given test, the doctor might say "angry", and the patient might respond "mother".

在測驗當中，醫生可能會說「憤怒」，病人可能會回應「母親」。

They would say "box", and the patient might respond "my life shut in one".

他們會說「盒子」，病人可能回答「我人生被困在其中」。

They might say "lie", and the patient would respond "brother".

他們可能說「謊言」，而病人會回應「兄弟」。

Or they might say "money", and the patient, struggling with guilt and shame, might go silent for a very long time before saying they needed to get some air.

或者他們可能會說「金錢」，然後病人在愧疚與羞恥的掙扎後，可以會沈默很長一段時間後說需要去呼吸點新鮮空氣。

Jung and Riklin published their research in a book called "Diagnostic Association Studies".

榮格和瑞克林講研究發佈在《診斷關聯研究》一書中。

Written in dense scientific jargon,

以大量科學詞彙撰寫，

this comprises a succession of charts about what people answered in how long according to their ages, classes, genders, and occupations.

這包含了一系列根據人們年齡、階級、性別以及職業花費的作答時長以及內容圖表。

We are, unfortunately, unlikely to learn too much from the book today.

不幸地，我們今日不太可能從書中學到太多。

But the interest of the underlying test lies less in the specific purpose for which Jung used it

但測試的有趣之處不在於榮格使用它的特定目的，

than in what it can more broadly suggest to us about ourselves when we turn to it in more intimate ways.

而在於當我們以更親密的方式轉向它時，它可以更廣泛地向我們暗示我們自己。

Though it was made for a clinician to interpret, we can, ourselves, gain a huge amount from sitting this test on our own 

雖然它的目的是讓診療師詮釋，我們自己也可以透過獨自進行測驗而大有所獲，

and analyzing our responses and hesitations according to what we know of who we are.

並且根據我們對自己的認識分析我們的回應和猶豫。

We may be ambivalent about self-knowledge, but we are, ultimately, also in a pole position to make advances.

我們可能對自我認識持矛盾態度，但我們最終也處於取得進步的有利位置。

In our more honest moments, we know rather a lot about where the bodies are buried.

在我們更誠實的時刻，我們對屍體的埋葬地點有頗多了解。

You can find the test in the text below this film.

你可以在影片下方文字中找到測驗。

We can use Jung’s hundred words as a provocative guide to regions of our experience that we have, to date, lacked the courage to explore,

我們可以利用榮格的百字做為挑釁式的指南，前往我們迄今缺乏勇氣探索的經驗區，

but that might hold the key to our future development and flourishing.

而它們可能是我們未來發展與茁壯的關鍵。

And, of course, where we go blank and decide the test is really very silly,

當然了，在我們腦子空白並斷定測驗很愚蠢時，

well, there, we should probably pay the greatest attention.

嗯，那應該就是我們最需要留意的地方。