- Hello. Hi, Cambly learners.

- 你好。嗨，坎布里的學習者。

My name is Lani, and I'm a tutor in Cambly,

我的名字是Lani，我是Cambly的一名輔導員、

and today, you'll be learning five tips

而今天，你將學習五個技巧

to improve your writing skills.

以提高你的寫作能力。

Tip number one, determine your purpose,

提示一，確定你的目的、

your audience, and tone.

你的聽眾，和語氣。

Ask yourself questions such as why?

問自己一些問題，如為什麼？

Who?

誰？

What?

什麼？

These questions are part of the pre-writing process.

這些問題是預寫作過程的一部分。

The purpose of pre-writing

寫作前的目的

and asking yourself these questions

並問自己這些問題

is to find and explore the ideas and the topics

是為了尋找和探索思想和主題

that you'll be prepared to write.

你會準備好寫作。

So ask yourself, why am I writing?

所以問自己，我為什麼要寫作？

This will determine your purpose.

這將決定你的目的。

To entertain, to inform, to request something?

為了招待，為了告知，為了請求什麼？

To whom am I writing?

我在給誰寫信？

This will determine your audience.

這將決定你的閱聽人。

Am I writing to my teacher, to my family and friends,

我是不是在給我的老師，給我的家人和朋友寫信、

my boss, or customer?

我的老闆，還是客戶？

The tone or attitude of your writing,

你寫作的語氣或態度、

whether formal and professional or informal and friendly,

無論是正式和專業的，還是非正式和友好的、

will depend completely on your audience.

將完全取決於你的聽眾。

And now, we've come to the last question.

而現在，我們已經來到了最後一個問題。

Why am I writing?

我為什麼要寫？

This question pretty much summarizes the ones before.

這個問題幾乎概括了之前的問題。

For example, what am I writing? A play.

比如說，我在寫什麼？一部戲劇。

Why am I writing it? To entertain.

我為什麼要寫它？為了娛樂。

To whom am I writing? My high school classmates.

我在給誰寫信？我的高中同學們。

It should be fun.

這應該很有趣。

This leads us to the next tip.

這將我們引向下一個提示。

Number two, create an outline.

第二，創建一個大綱。

When you write, you need to organize your thoughts

當你寫作時，你需要組織你的思想

and ideas in an order that makes sense.

和想法的順序是有意義的。

Order refers to your choice of what to present first,

順序是指你選擇先介紹什麼、

second, third, and so on in your writing.

第二，第三，以此類推，在你的寫作中。

The order you pick is closely related to your purpose,

你選擇的順序與你的目的密切相關、

which we have already discussed.

這一點我們已經討論過了。

So in a nutshell, an outline is a written plan

是以，簡而言之，大綱是一個書面計劃

that serves as a skeleton for the paragraphs you write.

作為你所寫段落的一個骨架。

For example, before you start writing an email

例如，在你開始寫電子郵件之前

to your manager about your project proposal, first,

首先向你的經理說明你的項目建議、

lay out your main points in an outline.

在大綱中列出你的主要觀點。

It is best to follow

最好的辦法是遵循

the introduction-body-conclusion format.

引子-正文-結論的格式。

For the introduction, describe your project

在介紹中，描述你的項目

and include the overall purpose and goals of the project.

幷包括項目的總體目的和目標。

Then, in the body, outline what your project entails

然後，在正文中，概述你的項目需要的內容

in two or three main points.

在兩個或三個主要點上。

Finally, in the conclusion,

最後，在結論中、

encourage your manager to consider your proposal

鼓勵你的經理考慮你的建議

and emphasize the benefits of your project.

並強調你的項目的好處。

Feel free to use bullet points, numbers,

請隨意使用要點、數字、

letters to organize your thoughts and ideas.

信件來組織你的思想和想法。

Number three, write up a draft.

第三，寫好草稿。

The time has arrived! We can finally start writing!

時間已經到了!我們終於可以開始寫作了!

- [Group] Yay! - Yay.

- [組] 耶!- 耶。

On your marks, get set, write.

在你的標記上，準備好，寫。

A draft is a complete version of a piece of writing,

草案是一篇文章的完整版本、

but it is not the final version.

但這並不是最終版本。

Write one paragraph at a time and then stop.

一次寫一段，然後停下來。

Take short breaks to refresh your mind.

進行短暫的休息，使你的頭腦清醒。

And once again, keep your audience

再一次，讓你的聽眾

and purpose in mind as you write.

在你寫作的時候，要牢記你的目的。

Your purpose will guide your mind

你的目的將引導你的思想

as you compose your sentences.

在你寫句子的時候。

Your audience will guide your word choice.

你的聽眾將指導你的詞彙選擇。

Keep asking yourselves what your readers,

不斷問自己，你的讀者是什麼、

with their background and experience,

與他們的背景和經驗、

need to know in order to understand your ideas.

為了理解你的想法，你需要知道。

If your purpose is to persuade, for example,

例如，如果你的目的是勸說、

you will present your facts and details

你將提出你的事實和細節

in the most logical and convincing way you can.

以最合乎邏輯和最有說服力的方式，你可以。

If you get writer's block

如果你遇到寫作障礙

and you don't know what to write next,

而你不知道接下來要寫什麼、

refer back to your outline

參照你的綱要

or move on to a different paragraph

或轉到另一個段落

and returned to that one later.

並在後來回到了那個地方。

Number four, consult online resources,

第四，諮詢在線資源、

such as a dictionary or a thesaurus.

諸如字典或詞庫等。

Using online resources can help you

使用在線資源可以幫助你

to find the right words to say,

以找到合適的話語來表達、

making your writing more colorful, more interesting,

使你的寫作更加豐富多彩，更加有趣、

and ensure you are using proper grammar.

並確保你使用了正確的文法。

For example, say you're writing an email to your colleague.

例如，假設你正在給你的同事寫一封電子郵件。

Your presentation was good.

你的演講很好。

Well, that can be encouraging.

嗯，這可能是令人鼓舞的。

Good is a very vague additive.

好是一個非常模糊的添加劑。

You can search good in an online thesaurus

你可以在在線詞庫中搜索good

and find synonyms such as interesting, motivating,

並找到同義詞，如有趣的、激勵的、

insightful, or thought provoking.

富有洞察力，或發人深省。

This can help you to be more descriptive.

這可以幫助你更多地進行描述。

So using online tools will enhance your writing,

是以，使用在線工具將提高你的寫作水平、

and then what you write will be not just good,

然後你寫的東西將不僅僅是好的、

but excellent, extraordinary, exceptional.

但是優秀的，非凡的，特殊的。

Number five, proofread.

第五，校對。

Don't think it's over once you finish your draft.

不要以為你完成了你的草案就結束了。

We all make mistakes when writing.

我們在寫作時都會犯錯誤。

So it is extremely important

所以這一點極為重要

to review and revise your writing,

來審查和修改你的寫作、

whether it's an email, an essay, or a text message.

無論是電子郵件、文章還是簡訊。

There are two steps to proofreading. Number one, revising.

校對有兩個步驟。第一，修改。

When you revise, you take a second look

當你修改時，你會再看一下

at the ideas you wrote down.

在你寫下的想法。

You might add, cut, move or change information

你可以增加、削減、移動或改變資訊

in order to make your ideas clearer, more accurate,

以使你的想法更清晰、更準確、

more interesting, or more convincing.

更有趣，或更有說服力。

Number two, editing.

第二，編輯。

When you edit you take a second look

當你編輯時，你會再看一下

at how you express your ideas.

在你如何表達你的想法。

You add or change the words that you use.

你增加或改變你所使用的詞語。

You fix any problems in grammar,

你修復任何文法方面的問題、

punctuation, or sentence structure.

標點符號，或句子結構。

You improve your writing style,

你改善了你的寫作風格、

and ultimately, you transform your writing

而最終，你會轉變你的寫作

into something that you're proud of.

變成你引以為豪的東西。

And finally, after revising and editing,

最後，經過修改和編輯、

read it aloud to yourself.

大聲讀給自己聽。

How does it sound?

它聽起來如何？

Does it have the correct tone? Will it reach its audience?

它有正確的語氣嗎？它能達到閱聽人的要求嗎？

Does it accomplish its purpose?

它是否達到了它的目的？

Here's a bonus tip.

這裡有一個額外的提示。

Ask a close colleague or classmate

問一問親密的同事或同學

to read over what you've written

仔細閱讀你所寫的內容

and provide you with feedback.

並向你提供反饋。

Sometimes another person

有時另一個人

can give us a fresh perspective or identify mistakes.

可以給我們一個新的視角，或者發現錯誤。

So next time you need to write,

所以下次你需要寫、

keep in mind these five tips.

牢記這五個提示。

Number one, determine your purpose, audience and tone.

第一，確定你的目的、閱聽人和語氣。

Number two, create an outline.

第二，創建一個大綱。

Number three, write up a draft.

第三，寫好草稿。

Number four, consult online resources,

第四，諮詢在線資源、

and five, proofread.

和五，校對。

If you follow these tips, I can assure you,

如果你遵循這些提示，我可以向你保證、

you will be writing for success.

你將為成功而寫作。

For those who aren't familiar with Cambly,

對於那些不熟悉Cambly的人來說、

Cambly gives you instant access

康柏利讓你即時訪問

to friendly Native English speakers like me.

對像我這樣友好的英語母語者。

So you can learn how to speak English in the real world.

是以，你可以學習如何在現實世界中說英語。

You can take English classes anywhere, anytime,

你可以隨時隨地參加英語課程、

right from your phone or a computer.

就在你的手機或電腦上。

Schedule your next class with me using the link below.

使用以下鏈接安排你的下一堂課。

Thank you so much for watching. Buh-bye.

非常感謝您的觀看。再見了。

(upbeat music)

(歡快的音樂)