Lin Hsiu Hau, who's pretty sick today.

重感冒中的林秀豪。

Sorry but my voice is very attractive today.

很抱歉今天聲音非常有磁性

Today what I'm going to talk about is:

我今天要跟大家講的是，

"Open creativity, Leap Pondering"

「打開創意，跳躍思考」

This is an easy theme, really easy.

這個題目說好講，很好講

Besides, since you won't understand,

就隨便亂講，

I can say whatever.

反正你們也聽不懂。

But then you guys will want ticket refund.

可是最後你們就會想去退票。

So for this,

所以為了這個呢，

the main reason for coming here today,

基本上其實今天我們主要的目的來這邊，

is to share with everyone,

是跟大家分享一下

that last year we recieved

我們去年拿到一個

a major international education award.

世界級的教學的大獎。

Of course this isn't just me,

當然得獎不是一個人的功勞。

it's the efforts of a whole team.

在這邊可以看到我們所有的團隊，

You can see our core members are all here today!

包含我們的Core Member(重要成員）都在這邊。

I'm very glad.

所以很高興。

Remember one thing:

要記得一件事情就是說

Later on what I speak about,

下面我要講的所有事情

isn't just my own actions.

都不是我一個人的做為。

If you think my speech is bad,

所以如果你覺得講得很爛的話，

everyone in the team is to be blamed!

這上面每一個人都有份。

So actually last year,

所以我們去年事實上

we gained a major award

拿到了世界開放式課程聯盟，

for globally open education

由MIT發行目前是全世界最大的一個

by MIT.

世界開放式課程聯盟的大獎。

They only give 5 awards every year!

他其實一年只給出五個課程。

So you can see,

所以各位其實可以想像一下，

I mean, hear you can see

就是說，在最又邊你看到得是

a little classroom where our lessons take place.

我們上課的一個小小的教室。

In a small classroom like this in Tsing Hua University,

所以在清華這樣一間小小教室，

how do we,

我們是怎麼樣，

that is, using what kind of effort,

就是藉由什麼樣的努力，

and what type of creativity,

或是什麼樣得創意，

what type of knowlegde,

怎麼樣深刻的思考，

so that we can stand on the top of international-leveled education?

所以我們課以站上世界級的教學舞台，

And gain this award?

然後拿到這個獎。

Actually, when recieving this award,

事實上被這個獎砸到的是，

all of us were very surprised.

我想我們的團謉都非常的驚訝，

It's like we didn't know what happened.

就完全不知道該怎麼接受。

So the secret to getting this award is:

所以我們拿到這個獎的訣竅是：

"I don't know."

「I don't know. 」（我不知道）

Okay now that you hear this you're thinking:

如果你聽到這個就想到說

"What? I'm going to get ticket refund."

「誒我要去退票了」

So what I'm really going to talk about today is,

所以我今天其實是要跟大家講

"A longer version."

「a longer version」

This is what we wanted to share

這個是想了很久之後

after a long discussion and deep thoughts,

我們決定在我們準備整個課程裡面，

about what is something special

到底有什麼樣特別的一件事情

to share with you all?

是值得跟大家分享的？

The reality is:

事實上就是

"Open to refocus."

「Open to refocus」

So for example if today,

譬如說我們今天其實事實上在

we were to newly create a new class,

接受一門課新的設計得時候，

what I'm asking myself

其實常常問我問我自己的

is not tweaking. (Changing a little bit)

不是在做微調。

If you want to do some

你如果人生中想要做一些

meaningful things in life,

有質感的東西，

you will realize tweaking

你就會常常發現微調

doesn't help innovate ideas.

是沒有辦得到什麼樣創新的結果。

So what's the easiest result?

所以最簡單的結果事實上是什麼？

The easiest is to not plan and expect anything.

其實事實上就不要預設任何東西。

So here I am going to share,

所以我在這邊跟大家分享

is not just what I feel when preparing for classes,

不只是備課的一個心情，

but what attitude I learned

也是活到現在40幾歲，

throughout my life till 40.

做事的一個態度。

That is "Open to refocus."

就是「Open to Refocus」

What is "Open to refocus?"

那什麼叫做「Open to refocus」？

"Open to refocus" is

「Open to refocus」就是說

if you want to complete something,

你今天如果需要完成一件事情，

if you need to accomplish something important,

需要完成一項任務的時候,

when you're planning earlier on,

你在前期規劃的時候

you should open your heart.

應該把你的心胸完全地打開來。

Listen to all kinds of different suggestions,

去聽各式各樣不同得意見。

process the suggestions,

然後消化他們的意見，

and complete all the tasks.

跟做所有的事情。

When you are in this "Open period",

等到你在這個「Open period」，

in this period where your heart is open,

在你所謂開放的期間，

gathering all the information,

把所有的資訊讀進來得時候，

you must remember one thing:

你要記得一件事情：

Anything that is good in quality,

任何有質感的事情，

when you have completed a certain amount

在某一個程度上你做完了之後，

there will always be people against you.

一定會有雜音的。

If you don't want to offend anyone,

如果你不想得罪任何人的話，

just don't do it then.

你就不要做任何的事就好了。

Everyone can do "Open",

所以有人做得到Open,

but not everyone can "refocus".

卻做不到Refocus。

Something even worse is

那還有更糟糕的做事方法就是，

working all the way from the beginning on your own,

一開始的時候就一意孤行，

and in the middle you realize

做到一半之後，

that you can't stand the pressure others are putting on you,

沒辦法承受其他人的壓力，

so you start to change your path.

就開始轉向。

If it's like that,

那如果是這樣得話，

I really advice to rather just quit.

真的奉勸，乾脆就不要做就好了。

I think the reason why our course

所以在這邊其實我覺得我們的課程

can have different qualities from others,

之所以可以跟別人有一點點不一樣的質感，

an important reason is because:

很重要的一件事情是：

At the very beginning<

我們在一開始時，

we accepted all ideas.

廣納所有的意見進來。

After working through all the suggestions,

消化了所有意見後，

we actually put in effort

我們其實會很認真地用一種

to use a new perspective,

非常展新的角度，

to present something we value.

去詮釋我們自己覺得是有價值的東西。

For example:

譬如說我們就舉一個例子，

in physics,

我們在物理借裡面,

or so we call in the science world,

或著說我們在科學界裡面，

actually things will start to change.

其實事實上東西會開始變化,

This is very important.

是非常非常重要的一件事情。

Which means as time goes by,

也就是說隨著時間的不同，

how does an object change?

一個東西怎麼轉換？

If you think about it,

那你去想想看，

professionally we call it "dynamics"

這個在專業上我們把它叫做Dynamics。

So how can you describe what "dynamics" is?

那你怎麼去描述Dynamics?

Here, we can see that cute

在這邊就可以看到很可愛的

daddy Newton is grinning.

牛頓阿爸在那邊笑，

Why?

為什麼？

Because he's been in books for over hundreds of years.

因為他盤踞書本已經幾百年了。

Think about it,

去想一下，

if you were to teach kids

如果你今天要去教一些小朋友，

how this world changes?

就是說世界怎麼改變的？

You would say, "oh it's easy!"

那你就像說很簡單，

"Just connect cause and effect!"

就是因跟果要連接在一起。

An object recieves a force,

所以這個東西受到一個力，

therefor it has an acceleration.

所以才有一個加速度,

This is why.

才可以怎麼樣。

Think about it, this makes sense.

你仔細想一想這是很有道理的。

Every text book starts from here,

就是說所有的課本會從這邊講起，

it makes sense!

是很有道理的。

But let's ponder further in depth.

可是你仔細再想一下,

Newton has already been important for hundreds of years.

就是說牛頓已經重要了幾百年了，

Why can't he give the spotlight to someone else?

你就不能偶爾讓別人重要一下嗎？

So here,

所以在教這個的時候呢，

I decided.

我決定了，

There are so many changing things in our daily life,

我們日常生活中有那麼多東西在變化，

why must it be "F=ma"?

為什麼一定要叫F=ma呢？

I decided to tell my student:

所以我決定跟我的學生講說：

Come! I'll teach you about cram schools in Taiwan!

來！我們來教一下台灣的補習業。

Cram schools （after school classes outside of school) in Taiwan are very fascinating.

台灣的補習業非常的神奇，

We probably have the most educational revolutions

我們可能是全世界最常

in the world.

嘗試各式各樣不同教育改革的社會。

We change this and that.

隔一陣子又試一下

Whether we are ready

準備好的改

or not.

沒準備好的改。

Anyways! We just change everything!

反正什麼就一直改！

And then you realize,

然後你發現，

we are actually not aware of the students.

學生怎麼樣我們不是很清楚。

This is why there's

今天找了那麼多人來關心教育，

so many people worried about our education.

可能就是後遺症之一吧。

However, cram schools don't pray,

可是，補習班都不用拜拜，

but yet they are able to keep up good business.

他們還是一樣很興旺。

This is something worthy of discussion.

這是很值得研究的一個課題。

Okay!

OK!

So in this situation,

那再這樣的一個東西底下，

lets see what educationalists say?

我們現在看一下，教育學家的呼籲是怎麼樣？

This is what they are saying:

教育學家的呼籲是這樣：

Don't go to cram schools! If everyone doesn't cram,

大家不要去補習，大家如果不去補習的話，

the competitive ability of each child is "1".

小孩競爭力都是「1」嘛！

Alternatively, if everyone goes to cram school,

那大家全部都去補習之後

it becomes impossible to learn in depth knowledge.

就沒有辦法學到有質感深刻的知識了！

So everyone's competitive ability drops to "0.8"

所以大家的競爭力就變0.8

This sounds reasonable right?

這個聽起來非常合理對不對？

But if it's reasonable,

可是他這麼的合理，為什麼

why doesn't it change the cram school situation in Taiwan?

完全沒有改變台灣補習現況？

We can view this in a scientific perspective.

所以我們試著用科學的角度來看一下，

Let's pull away from cram schools for a second,

稍稍把鏡頭拉離非常深刻的補習的地方。

and look at

我們來看一下，

the "bubbles" in our bubble tea.

珍珠奶茶裡有看得到的珍珠。

There are many.

一顆一顆的。

Many you cannot see in the drink,

有你看不到的珍珠

those are like this long rectangular thing.

就是這個圖中一根長長桿子的東西，

This is called E. coli.

這個叫大腸桿菌，

And you can see there's a lot of

這些小珍珠事實上比大珍珠

small round "bubbles" around it.

來的多很多很多。

If you think that these small bubbles have no worries,

那如果你以為那這些小珍珠都沒有憂鬱的話，

you're wrong!

你就錯了！

On the small bubbles,

小珍珠上面還有一堆一堆

there's a bunch of small tiny things,

小小的東西,那叫：

called bacteriophage.

噬菌體。顧名思義噬菌體就是

Bacteriophage of course, eats up bacteria.

吃細菌的東西。

So they eats up the E. coli.

所以他們會吃大腸桿菌。

The way they eat, is very hollywood. (Dramatic)

他們吃的方法，非常的好萊烏。

They insert their DNA into the bacteria,

他們就是把自己的DNA打進去，

and start developing heads,

然後開始在裡面製造個頭啊，

legs,

腳啊，

and more and more,

越來越多，越來越多，

Until it fills up the whole bacteria,

多到不行時就怎樣？

the E. coli explodes!

把大腸桿菌爆開了！

And then the bacteriophages move our,

然後他們救出來，

and continue to the next E. coli.

繼續感染下一個大腸桿菌。

Disgusting right?

大家聽到這麼噁心的東西就想到異型是從這裡來的！

So you would now think:

所以呢你如果以為說：

when we drink bubble tea,

我喝的珍珠奶茶有我看不到的珍珠，

there are bubbles we can't see,

就是長得像桿狀的，

and those are like E. coli, and they worry,

這些感狀還有他們的憂慮，

because bacteriophages will eat them up.

就是怕被細菌感染，

You might feel that bacterias are pretty simple.

你會覺得細菌體就一定很簡單，

Wrong.

沒有。

There are 2 types of bacteria.

細菌還分兩種。

One type is "good", and they go like:

有一種就是很好的細菌體，

"Huh? you're missing a head? Here! take mine."

「哎？你缺個頭？那頭借體」

"Missing legs? I'll lend you legs."

「你缺腳？腳借你」

So everyone helps each other.

然後就大家彼此幫忙。

You can imagine how the adaptability of these bacterias are.

所以大家可以猜想這種細菌體的適應力怎樣？

Pretty good.

比較好。

And what's the other type of bacteria?

有另外一類細菌體它是什麼？

The other type is like this:

有另外一類細菌體是這樣：

"Ah! He's almost done but missing a head!"

「哎！他快做好了，他缺個頭...」

Quietly heads the head in secret/

默默地把他的頭藏起來。

I don't know,

我不知道你在成長的過程，

if you have ever met this kind of person while growing up?

有沒有碰過這種細菌體？

or say "Oh, he's just missing a leg."

或是說，「哎呀他就缺一隻腳」

or "He's done?"

或是說「誒？他已經快好了」

and sticks an extra leg so he can't move.

幫他多裝一隻腳，它就不能動了。

He's stuck.

他就卡住了。

So this is the more evil bacteria.

所以這種是比較壞的細菌體。

So comparing these two types of bacteria,

所以如果在這輛種細菌體直接比較的話，

you will find that

你就會發現

the good bacteria have better adaptability.

好的細菌體，其實它適應力比較強。

They grow faster.

他們長得比較快。

And the bad ones have bad adaptability.

壞的細菌體，適應路比較差。

They grow slower.

長得比較慢。

Now we can conclude that

現在可以稍稍的看一下，

in a cup of bubble tea,

一杯珍珠奶茶裡面，就有我們

we can see our cram schools in it!

台灣補習業的縮影啊！

Moving on,

所以我們現在來看一下。

in The University of Maryland,

可是美國麻里蘭大學，

they grew a bunch of these "bubbles".

他們就養了這一堆小珍珠，

And when putting them together

然後再養了這些細菌體。

they suddenly discover

把他們養在一起後，突然發現，

something extraordinary.

一件很神奇的事情。

The bad selfish bacterias win!

他發現自私型的細菌大獲全勝！

And what happens is that the whole cup

也就是說最後那一整杯裡面，

is filled with the bad ones!

全部都是爛人。

Why is this?

那為什麼會發生這種事情？

We should think about this

所以我們要稍稍來思考一下。

in deep thoughts.

這是非常值得思考的事情。

The main reason is because

主要的原因是這樣：

when the bad bacterias meet the good ones,

自私的細菌體碰到正常的細菌體的時候，

their adaptability becomes "2".

它的適應力是「2」。

On the other hand,

反過來呢？

when the good meets the bad,

如過是正常的細菌體碰到自私的細菌體，

the good bacteria's adaptability becomes "0.6."

它的適應力突然就變成只有「0.6」。

So now we can see that

我們今天來看一下，

even if today here most people are "normal",

假設今天在一開始的狀況底下，

under this situation

我們其實幾乎全部都是正常人。

if there is 1 bad bacteria,

只有一個自私的細菌體。

and that bad bacteria had an adaptability of "2",

結果那個自私的細菌體它的適應力是二，

while all of us normal people is "1",

正常的話是一。

what can it do?

於是他就可以怎樣？

It's adaptability is better, so it grows into more,

它適應力比較好，他就越長越多。

and more. Until when the population reaches 1:1,

然後一直長，長到一半的時候，

look at it again.

你現在再去看它，

The population of bacteria is

細菌體的體口裡面，

half, is good.

有一半，是好的。

Half, is bad.

有一半，是自私的。

So now you can see that

那你可以去看一下，

if you are a good bacteria,

如果你是一個正常的細菌的話，

you can 50% chance to meet another good bacteria,

你碰到正常的機率是一半嘛。

and 50% to meet bad ones.

然後碰到自私是一半嘛。

so your average adaptability is

所以你平均基本上適應力其實就是

1 plus 0.6 divided by 2 which equals 0.8.

1加上0.6在除與2就是0.8 。

See? I'm fast at math.

算數算得非常快。

What if you're a bad/selfish bacteria?

如果你今天是自私的呢？

You also have fifty fifty chances.

你同樣是一半一半，