I just thought it was exhaustion from traveling.

我以為只是因為旅行帶來的疲憊。

But the next morning, I woke up with rashes all over my hands.

但第二天早上我醒來的時候，手上到處都是皮疹。

The lesions started spreading to the more usual suspect areas, so that really made the doctors sort of confirm that what I had was monkeypox.

範圍開始擴散到更明顯的區域，所以這讓醫生確信我得的是猴痘。

Kevin Kwong believes he was first infected in late June, about a month after monkeypox cases began to be reported in the U.S.

Kevin Kwong 認為他是在 6 月下旬首次被感染的，大約在美國開始出現猴痘病例的一個月後。

It was sort of this, like, mystery disease.

這有點像神秘的疾病。

I think I approached things cautiously, but at the same time, I wasn't even sure what to be aware of.

我覺得我很謹慎小心，但與此同時，我甚至不確定要小心什麼。

By late July, the World Health Organization declared it a global health emergency, their highest level of alert.

到 7 月下旬，世界衛生組織宣布這是國際公共衛生緊急事件，這是他們最高警戒級別。

It will not be the next COVID-19 pandemic,

這不會演變成下一個 COVID-19 疫情大流行，

but as a public health professional, I am very worried about what's unfolding, because this has the possibility to become a new virus that circulates regularly.

但作為一名公共衛生專家，我非常擔心正在發生的事情，因為這有可能成為一種定期傳播的新病毒。

So how does monkeypox spread and what can be done to contain this outbreak?

那麼猴痘是如何傳播的以及可以採取哪些措施來遏制這個疾病的爆發呢？

It's called monkeypox because it was first detected in research monkeys and because it's closely related to smallpox.

之所以稱為猴痘，是因為它首次從研究用猴子身上發現的，而且它與天花密切相關。

The way I think about smallpox, it's the human version of monkeypox.

我對天花的看法是，它人類版的猴痘。

It's not engineered to exploit human cells and human bodies. We're like an accidental host.

猴痘不是為利用人體細胞和人體而設計的。我們像一個意外的宿主。

Monkeypox is endemic to parts of Africa where it mostly circulates among rodents.

猴痘在非洲部分地區流行，主要在囓齒動物中傳播。

Occasionally, from close interactions, like hunting or eating, monkeypox will spread from an animal to a human,

偶爾，通過密切的互動，如狩獵或進食，猴痘會從動物傳播給人類，

and in May of 2022, someone showing symptoms traveled from Nigeria to the United Kingdom.

2022 年 5 月，出現猴痘症狀的人從奈及利亞前往英國。

Soon after, other cases began appearing in the U.K., then Portugal, Sweden, the U.S.

不久之後，其他病例開始出現在英國，然後是葡萄牙、瑞典和美國。

Previously the outbreaks were fairly limited.

以前的病例爆發相當侷限。

Epidemiologists were able to bring it under control.

流行病學家得以將它控制住。

In the current outbreak, it's spreading fairly efficiently between humans, primarily through sexual contact.

在當前的爆發中，猴痘很有效率地在人與人之間傳播，主要是通過性接觸。

When infected, monkeypox gets into your bloodstream and creates lesions on the skin.

被感染後，猴痘會進入血液並在皮膚上造成損傷。

While it can spread through respiratory droplets or bodily fluids, with this 2022 outbreak, it's rare.

雖然它可以通過呼吸道飛沫或體液傳播，但在 2022 年的這次爆發中，這種情況很少見。

The most common way it spreads is through skin-to-skin contact with those lesions.

最常見的傳播方式是通過與這些病變的皮膚接觸。

We know that during intimate contact or cuddling, et cetera, you make these micro-abrasions in the skin.

我們知道在進行親密接觸或擁抱等過程中，會在皮膚上產生微擦傷。

You can't really see it a lot of times, but they're there.

很多時候其實看不到，但它們就在那裡。

So the virus just jumps from the person who has it, and there's tons of it, into one of these micro-abrasions.

所以病毒就是從感染者身上掉落，而且有很多進入這些細微的擦傷中。

Once infected, it can take a while for symptoms to appear.

一旦被感染，可能需要一段時間才會出現症狀。

That can happen as soon as five days after infection to nearly three weeks after,

這可能在感染後五天到近三週後發生，

but they usually appear around here,

但通常發生在第六至第十三天內。

and these first few days of symptoms look like a typical illness as your immune system kicks in to begin fighting the disease:

最初幾天的症狀看起來像是一般的疾病，因為體內的免疫系統開始跟病毒做抗爭：

fever, headache, fatigue, and even the swelling of your lymph nodes.

發燒、頭痛、疲倦，甚至是淋巴結腫脹。

It's after that, that the rash and lesions typically begin, especially on the hands and face.

在那之後，通常會出現皮疹和皮膚損傷，尤其是在手和臉上。

With the outbreak that began in 2022, the lesions appeared differently.

隨著 2022 年開始猴痘爆發，皮膚的損傷出現不同症狀。

They can be localized more on the genitals and even appear more like bumps, something that not all medical professionals are trained to identify.

有可能大多集中在生殖器上，甚至看起來更像腫塊，這並非所有醫療專業人員都有接受過診斷培訓。

Even when I went into Urgent Care, they told me that this was definitely not monkeypox,

甚至當我到緊急護理中心時，他們告訴我這絕對不是猴痘，

because the way that monkeypox had been appearing in photos that they've received were larger lesions, umbilicated,

因為在他們看過的照片中的猴痘是更大的皮膚損傷，中間有凹陷，

so kind of like donut-shaped, all throughout the body, and I just didn't have any of that at the time.

有點像甜甜圈形狀，遍布全身，但當時我還沒有。

People thought to have visible rashes, like what you'd see in the textbooks, were these huge boils on people's arms, but they could be very, very subtle.

人們認為有明顯的皮疹，就像你在教科書上看到的那樣，是手臂上會巨大的膿瘡，但它們可能非常不明顯。

Dr. Chin-Hong was able to diagnose and prescribe Kevin TPOXX, an antiviral medication that the government already had stockpiled.

Chin-Hong 醫生診斷出 Kevin 感染猴痘病開立 TPOXX 處方給他，這是一種政府已經儲備的抗病毒藥物。

There was a lot of preparedness, particularly after the September 11th attacks and the anthrax mailings, that went into preparing for smallpox.

政府已經做好很多準備，特別是在 911 恐怖攻擊事件和 2001 年美國炭疽攻擊事件，之後進入準備對抗天花的階段。

We had a lot of tools already in the arsenal to fight smallpox but that also worked for monkeypox.

我們已經有了很多工具來對抗天花，但它們也對猴痘有效。

The stockpile includes an approved vaccine.

庫存包括一種已獲批准的疫苗。

U.S. authorities are testing already-made doses and ordering 2.5 million more.

美國當局正在測試已經製成的劑量，並訂購了 250 萬劑。

And so we are in a relatively good position against this virus than we would be against a virus that we had never prepared for before,

因此，與我們以前從未準備對抗過的病毒相比，我們在對抗這種病毒方面處於相對有利的位置，

but we need to make sure that we use those tools appropriately and aggressively in order to bring this virus under control.

但需要確保我們適當和積極地使用這些工具來控制這種病毒。

The vaccine can also be used as part of the treatment.

疫苗也可以用作治療的一部分。

If given within four days after the exposure, it can prevent the infection or at least make it less severe.

如果在接觸後四天內注射，可以預防感染或至少減輕感染後的嚴重程度。

You can develop your antibodies, because it's, like, so slow, because it's trying to find a rat and it's a human.

你可以發展抗體，因為這病毒感染的速度太慢了，因為它想要感染的是老鼠，卻進到人的體內。

The vaccines to come available have been restricted to the community monkeypox is affecting most: men who have sex with men.

可用的疫苗僅限於受猴痘影響最嚴重的群體：男男性行為者。

Among the 6,000 cases currently reported to the World Health Organization, 98% are in men who have sex with men,

在目前世界衛生組織報告的 6000 例病例中，98% 發生在男男性行為者中，

but we also want to be very careful not to stigmatize the disease or to give the impression that it is exclusively and forever limited to men who have sex with men, because that's not the case.

但我們也希望非常小心不要污名化這種疾病，或者給人留下這樣的印象，好像它僅限於男男性行為者間，因為事實並非如此。

It's a human virus. It can attack anyone.

這是一種會感染人類的病毒。它可以攻擊任何人。

Public health officials are concerned about the virus spreading to other vulnerable groups, like children or even U.S. animals,

公共衛生官員擔心該病毒會傳播給其他弱勢群體，例如兒童甚至美國的動物，

which is why the messaging is the same as the last outbreak we saw:

這就是為什麼這次的呼籲跟上次看到的 COVID-19 疫情爆發相同：

"Stop the spread and get vaccinated."

「阻止病毒傳播，接種疫苗。」