I hope you had a wonderful weekend and a pleasant Presidents' Day holiday.

希望各位度過了愉快的週末以及總統日假期。

I am pumped to be back here with you to start this week off strong.

我很高興能回到這裡，與各位一起強勢展開這一週。

We're gonna begin with the latest news out of Ukraine.

我們將從烏克蘭的最新消息開始。

This week, President Biden made an unexpected visit to Kyiv.

本週，拜登總統意外地造訪了基輔。

It was his first visit since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine almost a year ago.

這是他自俄羅斯近一年前全面入侵烏克蘭以來的首次訪問。

Here's part of what the President had to say about this trip.

以下是總統關於此次旅程的一些說法。

That dark night one year ago, the world was literally, at the time, bracing for the fall of Kyiv.

一年前那黑暗的夜晚，當時的世界基本上是為基輔的淪陷做準備。

One year later, Kyiv stands and Ukraine stands.

一年後，基輔和烏克蘭都屹立不搖。

Democracy stands.

民主也猶存。

The Americans stand with you and the world stands with you.

美國人與各位站在一起、全世界也與你們並肩。

Now, there's a long history of American presidents visiting war zones.

好了，美國總統訪問戰區的傳統由來已久。

This trip was unprecedented in modern history, however, because the American president traveled to an active war zone without a large US military presence.

然而，這次旅行在現代歷史上是史無前例的，因為美國總統在沒有大批美軍存在的情況下前往一個活躍戰區。

President Biden said his trip was to reaffirm the, quote, "unwavering support that the United States holds for Ukraine".

拜登總統表示，他這趟旅程是為了重申「美國給予烏克蘭堅定不移的支持」。

Earlier this month, the United States said Russia has committed crimes against humanity in Ukraine.

本月稍早，美國稱俄羅斯在烏克蘭犯下了危害人類罪。

That was an escalation of what they'd said previously.

這與他們先前所說的話相比，是一種升級。

Russia called the accusation "an excuse for Washington to further the conflict".

俄羅斯稱此一指控是「華盛頓讓衝突惡化的藉口」。

During his trip, President Biden also announced new military assistance for Ukraine and incoming sanctions against Moscow.

在造訪期間，拜登總統也宣佈了給予烏克蘭的新軍事援助以及對莫斯科的制裁措施。

We'll keep you informed on any more updates from the President's trip as well as new information on the ongoing war overseas

有關總統行程的發展以及海外持續進行的戰況，我們都將隨時提供最新消息給各位。

And, over the weekend, the secretive nation of North Korea launched a series of missile tests off the coast of the Korean peninsula.

此外，北韓這個神祕的國家於上週末在朝鮮半島沿海進行了一系列的飛彈試驗。

The country says the missiles have enough range to hit the United States, but the US has said this weekend's events, they don't pose any immediate threat to US personnel or territory.

該國聲稱這些飛彈的射程足以擊中美國，但美國表示，本週末的事件並未對美國人民或領土構成任何立即威脅。

The tests do, however, highlight the destabilizing impact of North Korea's illegal missile program.

然而，這些試驗的確凸顯了北韓非法飛彈計劃破壞性的影響。

North Korean leader Kim, Jong-un's sister warned of more threats to come unless the United States halts military drills with South Korea.

北韓領導人金正恩的妹妹警告，除非美國停止與南韓的軍事演習，否則將有更多威脅。

More now from Paula Hancocks, CNN international correspondent based in Seoul, South Korea.

現在由駐南韓首爾的 CNN 國際記者 Paula Hancocks 提供更多資訊。

It has been a busy few days on the Korean peninsula.

朝鮮半島這幾天非常忙碌。

North Korea, on Saturday, launching a significant missile; on Sunday and Monday, we have seen tit-for-tat retaliation from both sides.

北韓於週六發射了一枚重大飛彈，我們則在週日和週一看到了雙方以牙還牙的報復行為。

North Korea and also the US and South Korea on the other side.

北韓還有對立端的美國和南韓。

So, what we saw on Saturday, Pyongyang admitted a day later, was an intercontinental ballistic missile.

所以我們週六所見證的是一枚洲際彈道導彈，平壤也在一天後承認。

Now, these, they claim, can hit mainland United States, and they are the ones that do concern Washington.

他們聲稱這些飛彈可以擊中美國，而它們也正是華府所擔憂的。

We heard from Kim, Yo-jong, Kim, Jong-un's sister, that this actually shows that they have missile re-entry technology.

我們從金正恩妹妹金與正的口中得知，這其實顯示他們擁有飛彈重返大氣層技術。

Now, it's very difficult to know if that is, in fact, the case, but that is what Pyongyang is claiming at this point.

我們很難確認是否確實如此，但這是平壤目前所聲稱的。

So, what we saw on Sunday then, just one day later, was a concerted show of force by the US and South Korean air force⏤air forces.

我們在僅一天後的週日所看到的是，美國與南韓一致地展示了其空軍武力。

They flew sorties over the Korean peninsula, including at least one B-1 bomber, escorted by South Korean fighter jets.

他們在朝鮮半島上空進行軍事突擊，其中至少包含一架 B-1 轟炸機護送南韓戰鬥機。

And then, in response to that, we saw this Monday morning from Pyongyang two launches.

然後作為回應的是我們週一上午看到的兩起平壤發射事件。

Now, they say that it was a super large multiple rocket launcher exercise in retaliation for what they saw the day before, so, this is really a latest cycle of tit-for-tat retaliation.

他們表示，這是一次超大型多管火箭發射器演習，針對他們前日所見的報復，所以，這確實是以牙還牙報復行為的最新發展。

But certainly, the Saturday launch was the significant one.

但可以肯定的是，週六的發射行為有重大意義。

But we're not expecting the tensions or this tit-for-tat retaliation to to diminish any time soon because Pyongyang says it is doing so because the US and South Korea are carrying out joint military drills.

但我們不預期這報復行為的緊張感會在短期內消失，因為平壤表示，他們的行為可歸咎於美國和南韓執行的聯合軍事演習。

And if they continue to do that, then they will continue to respond.

而如果兩國持續這麼做，他們將會繼續回應。

Now, we know that this week at the Pentagon, there will be a nuclear tabletop drill between the US and South Korea,

我們知道本週將在五角大廈舉行美國和南韓的核安兵棋推演，

and then, next month, there will be a larger joint military drill between the two countries.

接著兩國在下個月將有更大型的聯合軍事演習。

Up next, we're traveling to Canada in search of zombies, but not the type of zombies you'd typically think of.

緊接著我們將前往加拿大尋找殭屍，但不是你一般會想到的那種殭屍。

Ever heard of zombie fires?

聽說過殭屍火嗎？

I hadn't, either, until now.

我到此刻之前也沒有。

They're essentially fires that were never totally put out at the end of a fire season,

它們基本上是在火災季節結束時，從未被完全撲滅的火焰，

and they burn underground, threatening to come back from beneath the surface at any moment to wreak havoc once more.

它們在地底下燃燒，隨時都可能從地表下出現並再次造成破壞。

We'll hear more now from an international team of researchers who were on the hunt for the next fire that could be lurking beneath the earth's surface.

我們現在將與一個國際研究小組了解更多消息，他們正在尋找可能潛伏在地表之下的下一場火災。

In the remote boreal forests of Canada's Northwest Territories, and Rebecca Scholten, along with an international team of researchers, is on the hunt for signs of a rare and destructive phenomenon.

在加拿大西北地區偏遠的北方森林中，Rebecca Scholten 與國際研究小組一起正在尋找一種罕見破壞性現象的跡象。

So, the first thing you notice when you get to a site that has had a zombie fire is that a lot of these trees have fallen over, and that is because of the underground burning that is happening.

當你抵達一個發生過殭屍火的地點時，注意到的第一件事是，很多這些樹木都已經倒下，這是發生中的地底燃燒現象。

In 2015, this region of boreal forest was the scene of an overwintering fire, also known as a zombie fire.

2015 年時，北方森林這個地區是越冬火災（亦即殭屍火）的現場。

These are rare, so we don't have any footage of them, but they can look just like these regular forest fires, except they're back from the dead.

它們很罕見，所以我們沒有任何相關影像，但看起來可能就像這些普通的森林火災，只不過它們是起死回生。

So, these are fires that are not extinguished at the end of a fire season, but, instead, they smolder deep into the organic soil layer.

那麼，這些火焰在火災季節結束時並未被撲滅，相反地，它們在有機土壤層深處悶燒。

And when the snow comes, the snow kind of protects them from the adverse winter conditions,

當降雪時，雪會保護它們，讓它們免受冬季惡劣天氣的影響，

and that makes it possible for them to smolder all throughout winter.

使得它們有可能在整個冬季持續悶燒。

When the snow melts and there is dry fuels available again, these fires come up to the surface again and start a new flaming forest fire.

當雪融時，乾燥的可用燃料又再度出現，而這些火焰會重回地表，燃起新的森林火災。

In 2021, Scholten published the first-ever scientific study to detect zombie fires using satellites and reports from local fire managers as part of her Ph.D.

2021 年時，Scholten 發表了史上首篇利用衛星和當地火災管理人員報告而撰寫的殭屍火檢測科學研究，這是她博士論文的一部分。

For example, in the summer of 2015, a fire in Southwest Alaska blazed across 26 square miles.

舉例而言，2015 年夏天時，阿拉斯加西南部的一場火災燃燒了 26 平方英里。

Winter came and snow covered the fire site.

冬天來臨、白雪覆蓋火災現場。

But the following spring, the fire returned along the old burn scar, evidence, Scholten says, of a zombie fire.

但下一年春天，火焰沿著火災遺址回歸，而 Scholten 表示，這就是殭屍火的證據。

By burning through the soil and the roots, Zombie fires can be more damaging to the forest than regular fires, making it harder for them to recover.

透過燒穿土壤和樹根，殭屍火對森林的破壞力可能比一般火災更大，使它們更難恢復。

But that's not all.

但還不僅止於此。

These boreal soils store huge amounts of carbon, so burning them releases it as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

這些北方的土壤儲存了大量的碳，是以燃燒它們會將其以二氧化碳的形式釋放到大氣中。

Zombie fires are rare, but Scholten found they are increasing due to climate change.

殭屍火很罕見，但 Scholten 發現，殭屍火因為氣候變遷正在增加。

So, I think zombie fires are a very good poster child for what is happening to arctic wildfires in general.

所以說，我認為殭屍火是北極野火普遍發生的絕佳典型案例。

So, we see fire regimes are intensifying, and this has very important impact on the ecosystems that, of course, has an impact on our climate.

所以我們可以看到火使用制度正在強化，這對生態系統有非常重要的影響，當然也對我們的氣候有影響。

And that is why I think everyone in the world should care about these fires.

這就是我認為世界上每個人都該關心這些火災的原因。

10-second Trivia.

10 秒快問快答。

Which of these words comes from a Latin term that described a wind from the north?

下列哪一個拉丁字元的字詞被用以形容來自北方的風？

Zephyr, bluster, boreal, or arboreal?

Zephyr、bluster、boreal 還是 arboreal？

Zephyr was a west wind, but when you're talking about a north wind, you're speaking in boreal terms.

Zephyr 指的是西風，但當提到北風，那就就會用 boreal。

Oh, yeah, it's going all the way.

喔，對，它一路地延伸。

[This erupting aurora was caught on camera in Alaska.]

[這起爆發是極光於阿拉斯加上空被攝影機捕捉。]

Oh, yeah, right above; wow, look at how bright that is.

沒錯，在正上方，看看那有多亮。

[Particles from explosions on the sun interact with atmospheric gases, creating the mesmerizing light displays.]

[太陽噴射的分子與大氣氣體起作用，形成了這迷人的光影展示。]

[Vincent Ledvina, a doctoral student in space physics, has been photographic polar lights for years.]

[空間物理學博士生 Vincent Ledvina 已經拍攝極光多年。]

All right, today's story getting a 10 out of 10, a shark attack.

好了，今天的 10 秒趣聞主題是鯊魚攻擊。

Only this time, it's the shark getting attacked by a dog.

只不過這次是鯊魚被狗襲擊罷了。

That's right, a big old hammerhead shark.

沒錯，一隻巨大的雙髻鯊。

One boater said it was probably about 12 feet long, just minding its business in the Bahamas until a dog spots the monster cruising beneath the surface, and⏤

一位船上的乘客說，鯊魚大概有 12 英尺長，不過是在巴哈馬群島自行徜徉，直到一隻狗發現水面下這隻怪物正在游行，然後——

Cannonball! The dog jumps into the water and starts chasing the shark away.

那隻狗就如砲彈班地跳入水中，開始驅趕鯊魚。

The people on the tour boat were screaming in disbelief, in horror.

游船上的人無不因為不可置信與恐懼而放聲尖叫。

The dog is the pet of the caretaker who manages the private island.

這隻狗是這座私人島嶼看守人的寵物，

Pardon my "shark-asm" little doggy, but something tells me you're one "jawsitively" lucky pup!

小狗兒，原諒我的諷刺雙關語，但我覺得你真的是幸運到不行的小狗！

The boaters were relieved when the dog safely swam back to the shore unharmed.

當這隻狗安然無恙地游回岸邊時，游船乘客都鬆了一口氣。

Fun fact for the day.

今天給各位來點趣聞。

Did you know that baby sharks are called "pups"?

你們知道小鯊魚又被稱為 pup 嗎？

Learn something new every day.

每天都來學點新知識。

Shout-out time now; Hudsonville High School in Hudsonville, Michigan, we see you.

今天要跟密西根州哈德森維爾的 Hudsonville 高中致意，我們有看到你們。

Also, shout-out to Mr. Ben Lewis at Brenham Middle School in Brenham, Texas.

另外，我們也要向德州布倫納姆 Brenham 中學的 Ben Lewis 老師致意。

He challenged his students to interview a military veteran, an immigrant, and an American citizen over 60 years old

他挑戰學生們訪問了一位軍隊老兵、一位移民以及一位超過 60 歲的美國公民，

to learn about different perspectives and to gain better understanding of what it means to be an American.

並學習不同見解以及更好地了解身為美國人所代表的意義。

He turned the interviews into this book; proceeds going to help deserving military veterans.

他把訪談內容撰寫成這本書，而收益將被用來幫助應受支援的軍隊老兵。

We salute you, Mr Lewis, and to all of the students who sent me a lovely note with all these signatures, you totally rocked it out.

我們向 Lewis 老師敬禮，然後我要對把這些字條和簽名寄給我的所有學生們說，你們真的棒呆了！

We'll see you tomorrow, everyone; I'm Coy Wire, and we are CNN10.

各位，我們明天見，我是 Coy Wire、這是 CNN10 節目。