Everyone's brain hates it when they lose weight.

每個人體重減輕的時候，他們的大腦都會很討厭這件事。

Calories have never been cheaper; people have calculated that you can get about 1,000 calories for 90p.

獲得熱量比過往任何時候都要便宜，人們計算只要花費 90 便士就可以獲得約 1 千卡。

More people are dying from over-nutrition than under-nutrition.

比起營養不足，更多人會因為營養過剩而死亡。

It is definitely an emergency.

這絕對是一個緊急情況。

Does our brain like us losing weight?

我們的大腦喜歡我們減重嗎？

I did the keto diet recently for about two months.

我最近吃了大約兩個月的生酮飲食。

- And... - Why did you do it and why did you come off?

- 然後⋯⋯ - 你為什麼這麼做，以及為什麼結束？

I did it because I wanted to⏤OK, this is interesting, it shows how much of a Neanderthal I am.

我那麼做是因為我想要——好，這很有趣，顯示了我有多無知。

- I... I thought I was allergic to gluten. - OK.

- 我以為我自己對麩質過敏。 - 好。

So, I thought, I'll cut out all of the things that have gluten in them and I'll try that.

所以我心想，我要隔絕所有內涵麩質的東西，試試看這個飲食法。

And so⏤I then watch this video online and it talked about the keto diet.

於是——我之後在網路上看了一部影片，它談到了生酮飲食。

So, I thought, oh, that sounds good, and this guy had lost so much weight doing it, so, I gave it a try.

所以我想，哦，這聽起來不錯。而這個人在做這件事時，體重下降了很多。 所以我現在給了它一個機會。

Now, I lost so much weight, more weight than I've ever lost in my life, like, extreme.

然後我體重減了很多，比我一生中減的都要多，很極端。

I did it for about eight weeks.

我進行了大約八週。

I lost about a stone in weight.

我體重減了約一英石。（譯註：英石為英國重量單位，一英石等於 6.35 公斤）

The reason I came off it was because it was hard.

我結束的原因是，因為它很困難。

It was hard.

真的很難。

In a... in a simple word, it was difficult.

用一個簡單的詞語表達，它很艱難。

And... I don't know, I felt like I was fighting against something.

然後，我不知道，我就覺得自己在與什麼東西對抗。

How long ago did you come off it?

你多久之前停止的？

And, the crucial information⏤piece of information I'm interested in is, have you gained any weight back?

以及，最重要、我所關心的資訊是，你體重有回彈嗎？

45 days ago and one of your business⏤I'm joking.

45 天前，以及不關你的事——開玩笑的。

No, I gained so much weight back; I gained...

不，我的體重回彈了很多，我增加了⋯⋯

I didn't just gain the stone I'd lost; I think I gained a little bit more back.

我不僅是增加了減掉的一英石，我想還多增加了一些。

I think I gained a stone and a bit back.

我想我體重回彈了一英石多。

I mean, I'm not in bad shape, but, like, for me,

我是說，我的體態並不差，但對我而言，

I went from being absolutely lean, like, I'm ready for mint health, to being like... back to being like, you know, like, I'd say athletic now.

我從精瘦、健康巔峰的狀態回彈成⋯⋯現在的強健狀態。

But I gained back the weight I lost and more.

但我除了增加失去的體重，還多加了一點重量。

So, this is why I asked the question about the brain.

這也是我提出跟大腦相關問題的原因。

My brain didn't seem to be on board with me, it didn't seem to want the best for us, and it seemed to want to return me back to my default base state.

我的大腦似乎不認同我的做法、不想要對我們最好的東西，似乎想要讓我回歸到預設的基本狀態。

Your brain⏤everyone's brain hates it when they lose weight.

你的大腦、每個人的大腦都討厭體重減輕。

It doesn't matter your starting point.

不管你的起始點是哪裡。

You could start from a point where you are athletic versus someone who's not athletic, couch potato type... phenotype.

你的起始點可以是健壯或是不健壯的沙發馬鈴薯體態。

The moment you lose a little bit of weight, we're talking even a few pounds, I'm not even talking⏤you're talking about a stone.

你體重掉了一點的那一刻，我是說，就算只減少幾磅，還不是想你講的一英石。（一磅約等於 454 克）

Even if you lost 5 pounds, what happens in your brain is, your brain is used to you carrying⏤you or me carrying⏤a certain amount of weight,

即便你只減輕 5 磅，你的腦中會發生一件事：它已經習慣我們身體成在某個重量，

the moment your weight starts to go down, as an adult, it goes,

身為成人的你，體重開始減輕的那一刻，它就會反應：

"Ay up," you know, "this is⏤a big flag comes up⏤this reduced... this is reducing my chance of survival."

「哎唷，這是一個警示，這會降低我的生存機會。」（譯註：Ay up 為英國中、北部獨有的方言，用以「問好」或「表示驚訝」）

This is what the brain thinks.

這就是大腦所想的。

And, so, what it does, is it begins to use strategies⏤not conscious, nothing to do with our brain, anything like that⏤to drag us back up, kicking and screaming to where we were before.

所以它會做事的是，開始使用策略（不是有意識的或是與大腦有直接相關的）重新拉回我們的體重，又踢又叫地要讓我們回歸原本狀態。

First of all, it makes us hungry, OK?

首先，它會讓我們飢餓，懂嗎？

So, so, so, it makes us... it makes us hungry.

所以說，它會讓我們變餓。

And second, it actually, very, very secretively, lowers your metabolism ever so slightly,

其次，它其實會非常隱密地、輕微地降低你的新陳代謝速率，

so that even without⏤even eating exactly the same thing, you are now storing more than you're burning, even eating exactly the same thing.

讓你即便是吃一模一樣的東西，你儲存的熱量也比你燃燒的要多，就算吃的東西完全一樣。

Part of the strategy to get you back up to where you were before.

那就是讓你的身體恢復原狀的策略一部分。

So, once you were on the keto diet⏤and we can debate how it... talk about how it works and whether it's useful⏤

所以你一開始進行生酮飲食——我們可以再辯論他如何運作或是否有效——

but once it's on the⏤you're on the diet, your weight goes off, you're able to keep it.

但你一開始進行這種飲食法，你的體重就會減輕並維持。

But you said, "Man, I can't do this," and, so, you stop.

但你之後說：「老兄，我做不到」，所以停止了。

And the moment you stop, your brain goes⏤comes back on and starts dragging you back up.

而在你停下來的那一刻，你的大腦就會重新啟動並開始把你的體重拉回來。

This is gonna be true for pretty much every single diet that is... that is out there: the moment you stop the diet, the weight will come back on eventually.

市面上任何的一種減種飲食法都一樣：你停止該飲食法的那一刻，體重終究會回彈。

Why does my brain hate me?

我的大腦為什麼討厭我？

It's what⏤look, this is the brain; you have to remember that that's what's kept us alive.

這是——聽著，這是我們的大腦，你必須記得它是讓我們存活的東西。

I mean, we have lived, aside from probably the last 40 years, we probably, most of the time, never had enough food.

我是說，除了過去 40 年之外，我們大多時候大概都缺乏足夠的食物。

Now, clearly, over the past 100 years, we've had sufficient food compared to beyond that.

很顯然地，過去的一百年間，我們跟那之前比起來，擁有充分的食物。

But you know as well as I do when you turn on the TV and watch "Only Fools and Horses" from the... from the 70s or whatever,

但你跟我一樣都知道，當我們打開電視看 70 年代影集《只有傻瓜和馬》之類的，

you know, people are skinny; you think, oh, they look skinny.

當時的人都很瘦，你也會想，他們看起來真瘦。

They don't look skinny; they look... they look normal weight for the time that they're... that they're there.

他們並不是看起來瘦，可以就當時他們所在的時空而言，他們看起來是正常體重。

Whereas we have clearly, over the past 40 years, now, have too much food.

而我們則顯然地在過去 40 年間擁有太多食物。

So, this is now a different problem, OK, that we have too much food.

所以這現在是個不同的問題，擁有太多食物的狀況。

And, so, our brain is trying to respond to this environment, but it's responding in a natural fashion.

所以說，我們的大腦在嘗試回應環境，但是以自然的狀態回應。

'Cause what used to happen was, because there was not enough food, when there's food there, you make sure you ate it.

因為過去發生的事是，因為食物不足，所以有食物時，你就確保會吃。

Otherwise⏤why would you... why would you not do that, right?

否則——你為什麼會不那麼做呢，對吧？

So, we have a brain that's wired for a feast-famine environment, feast-famine, feast-famine.

所以說，我們的大腦生來就是適應大好或大壞的環境，大好大壞、大好大壞。

The problem is we live in a feast-feast environment at the moment, and that's the issue.

問題是，我們目前就是在一個大好大壞的環境，而那是個問題。

We have a maladapted brain for a feast-feast environment.

就這個大好大壞的環境，我們的大腦是適應不良的。

And this is because of how we've set up (the) society.

這歸因於我們是如何建構這個社會的。

Because of supermarkets, fridges, preservatives that keep food lasting for longer, and foods more available and cheaper than before, it's more processed, etc., right?

因為讓食物保存更久的超市、冰箱、防腐劑，還有食物也比以往更容易取得、更便宜，也更多重加工，對吧？

So, so, this is true; now, now, without going all food-Nazi⏤

這是真的，那在不成為控制他人飲食的人的狀態下，

I mean, you have to remember that the⏤all of whatever you just said, preservatives, pickling, cooking, you start with that then you say,

你必須記得，你剛剛所說的防腐劑、醃製、烹煮等等的，都是起點，然後你說：

"Oh, we're goona do highly processed foods, we're gonna do pre-packaged foods, frozen foods, microwave food etc., etc., supermarkets."

「我們會製作高度加工的食品、預包裝食物、冷凍食物、微波食物等等，還有超市。」

It has kept us alive, OK?

它讓我們存活了，好嗎？

We're 7.5 billion people and counting, we need to feed all these people, and this is fine.

我們現在有 75 億人口，而且還在增加，而我們需要餵飽所有人，那是沒問題的。

The problem is we've now got to the point where the efficiencies, the scales of efficiency in our food production is now so high we can now get⏤calories have never been cheaper.

問題是，我們現在已經到了一個地步：生產食物的效率規模現在是如此之高，使得熱量的獲取比過往都便宜。

So, this is... this is the... the issue today.

所以這就是今日的議題。

You can on⏤in this country, for example, in the UK, people have calculated that you can get about 1,000 calories for 90p.

你可以——舉這個國家為例，在英國，人們計算只要花費 90 便士就可以獲得約 1 千卡。

Now, how good are those calories; what (is) the quality of the food of those calories, we're not talking.

我們現在不是在討論這些熱量有多好、這些熱量的食物品質如何。

We're just talking pure calories⏤because of efficiencies of scale, calories have never been cheaper.

我們只是討論純熱量，因為效率規模，熱量從未這麼便宜過。

And we don't have to go run after an antelope in order to get... in order to get the calories.

而且我們不需要去獵殺羚羊就能夠獲得那些熱量了。

This has kept us alive until it is killing us.

這一直幫助我們存活，直到它開始殺害我們。

Which is now⏤over the past 10 years, that have been an important inflection point in human history.

這是過去十年至今，人類歷史上一個重要轉捩點。

You know, previously, we never had enough food.

在過去，我們的糧食一直都不充足。

Whereas now, since the past 10 years, more people are dying from over-nutrition than under-nutrition, and over-nutrition in a bad way.

對比過去十年到今天，比起營養不足，更多人會因為營養過剩而死亡，而且是不好的營養過剩。

Because you can be... you can have loads of calories but still be malnourished because you're eating the wrong kind of foods.

因為你可以⋯⋯你可以獲取許多熱量卻仍然營養不良，因為你吃錯食物了。

And can you believe it?

而你能相信嗎？

We are now in a world where there are more people dying because they eat too much than because they... because they don't eat enough.

我們現在所處的社會，比起因為飲食不足而死亡，反而更多人因為吃太多而喪命。

Is the worldwide trend that we are getting skinnier or fatter?

現在的世界趨勢來看，人類變得更瘦還是更胖？

We are getting fatter as a... as a worldwide trend.

就世界趨勢來看，我們變得越來越胖。

And... and true, that the problems are more obvious at the moment in higher-income countries, OK?

還有一個事實，這些問題目前在高收入國家更明顯，好嗎？

Because... because they studied more and be the kind of food that's available.

因為他們更有知識、可取得的食物也更多。

But you are gonna⏤but what is the goal of... of a country that is less developed than us, for example?

但你會——舉例而言，一個較我們開發低的國家，他們的目標是什麼？

They want to pull their people out of poverty.

他們想要協助人民擺脫貧困。

They want to make sure that their poor people don't die of starvation.

他們想要確保窮苦人民不會死於飢餓。

They want to make sure that fast food and... and good food, you know, and crap food are available to everybody there as well.

他們想要確保國家所有人不論速食、好食物以及壞食物都可以取得。

Now, the problem is the moment that happens, you don't switch from being⏤dying of under-nutrition and... and starvation to then, now, dying of over-nutrition.

現在問題是，在發生這種情況的時候，你不會從因為營養不足與飢餓而死轉為現在的因營養過剩而亡。

So, we are at that inflection point where the whole world, very soon, will get into a severe obesity problem and... and we do need to fix the food environment in order to fix that.

所以說，我們正處於這樣的轉捩點，全世界很快地就會陷入嚴重的肥胖問題，而我們確實需要先解決食品環境問題才能解決這個問題。

Do you consider it to be an emergency?

你認為這是一個緊急情況嗎？

It is definitely an emergency.

這絕對是個緊急情況。

Oh, it is definitely an emergency, and it's an emergency because... because⏤

喔，這絕對是緊急狀況，而且它是緊急狀況的原因是——

Let's ask the question: Why is it a problem to have obesity?

讓我問個問題：為什麼肥胖是一個問題？

Why is it a problem to carry too much fat, OK?

為什麼攜帶過多的脂肪是個問題？

So... so, that is a⏤so, you might think, "Well, it's obvious."

所以，那是——你可能會想：「嗯，這很明顯」。

Well, is it?

真的嗎？

Because the... the⏤there are issues with gravity when you're too heavy: arthritis, mobility, sleep apnea⏤you can't breathe at night.

因為——過重會因為地心引力帶來一些問題：關節炎、行動力、睡眠呼吸中止症（也就是睡覺時無法呼吸）。

But that is... that isn't what kills us, OK?

但那不是殺死我們的東西，懂嗎？

What kills us is all the diseases that are associated with obesity⏤diabetes, high blood pressure, certain cancers, etc., etc.

殺死我們的是與肥胖有關的疾病：糖尿病、高血壓、某些癌症，等等。

That is what kills us, OK?

那才是殺死人類的兇手，懂嗎？

Heart disease.

心臟疾病。

And... and so, it is an emergency because with obesity, at a population level as it goes up, then you have millions upon millions of people that... that end up, you know, with diseases.

所以說，這是緊急狀況的原因是，雖然人口增加而提升的肥胖症，會使得有數百萬人最終罹患這些疾病。

So, the estimate is that direct cost to the NHS⏤direct cost⏤for treating obesity and related illness is 6 to 7 billion a year, OK, pounds.

根據估計結果，治療肥胖症和相關疾病對於國民保健署的直接成本是每年 60 到 70 億英鎊。

That's the direct.

那是直接成本。

But the moment you take into account the broader economy⏤days sick, etc., etc.⏤it's estimated we are running at 27 billion year.

但你一將更廣的經濟體納入考量（例如生病日，等等），我們預計每年都消耗了 270 億英鎊。

Just on economic effects on... on obesity.

這只是肥胖症對於經濟的影響。

If you love the "Diary of a CEO" brand and you watch this channel, please do me a huge favor, become part of the 15% of the viewers on this channel that have hit the subscribe button.

如果你喜歡 Diary of a CEO 這個品牌，也有在收看頻道，請幫我一個忙並成為 15% 已經點擊訂閱的頻道觀眾之一。

It helps us tremendously, and the bigger the channel gets, the bigger the guests.

那對我們會有極大幫助，而頻道越強大、來賓就會更大咖。