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  • Over the years I've been making videos,

    我做影片的這些年,

  • a lot of people have got in touch to tell me that in Warsaw, in Poland,

    很多人都聯繫過我,說在波蘭的華沙,

  • the tap water quality is tested and controlled by clams.

    自來水水質是由蛤蜊來測試和控制的。

  • They said that the city constantly runs a sample of its tap water past some mollusks.

    他們說,城市會不斷將自來水樣本流經這些軟體動物。

  • And those are filter feeders, so if there's a contaminant in the water, they will instinctively close.

    而蛤蜊是濾食性動物,所以如果水裡有汙染,牠們會本能地關閉外殼。

  • Sensors attached to them will detect that and raise the alarm.

    裝在牠們身上的感測器會偵側到並發出警報。

  • And I didn't believe it.

    我不相信。

  • It seemed too weird to me.

    這對我來說太奇怪了。

  • And all the articles that I could find about it seemed dodgy, somehow.

    而不知為何,我能找到的所有相關文章都看起來很可疑。

  • They just set off red flags in the research parts of my brain.

    這些文章只是讓我腦中的警示信號大響。

  • There is a very arty Polish documentary about the system,

    有一部關於該系統的藝術性波蘭紀錄片,

  • and a lot of sites repost that film's claims without even mentioning the source,

    很多網站都有引用那部電影,有些甚至沒標註來源。

  • just as a "look at this funny thing off in Poland!"

    有點像只是在說「看看這個波蘭的有趣東西!」

  • It felt like it could be a misinterpreted or mistranslated joke,

    這整件事聽起來就像是個誤傳或誤譯的笑話。

  • or even a deliberate hoax by a filmmaker that got out of control,

    或甚至是電影製作人刻意的惡作劇,傳著傳著就失控了。

  • and that the English speaking world was just believing it because it was quirky and harmless enough.

    而英語國家的人就相信了,因為這故事古怪有趣又無害。

  • There have been plenty of fake things like that spread about in the past, accidentally or otherwise.

    過去有很多類似這樣的假消息,不論是不是有人刻意傳播。

  • Or maybe the clam-sensors did exist, but it was a brief experiment that never went anywhere.

    或者,也許蛤蜊感測器真的存在,但只是個從未實行過的短期實驗。

  • Well, I'm now here in Warsaw, on a famous building in the middle of the river,

    我現在正位於華沙,站在河中央著名的建築上,

  • with a Polish speaking team showing me around.

    這邊的波蘭團隊要帶我參觀。

  • There is a lot of stuff we are not allowed to film here for security reasons.

    由於安全原因,這裡很多東西是不允許拍攝的。

  • Inside here is critical infrastructure.

    這裡面,是關鍵的基礎設施。

  • Plus, it is far too noisy down there for me to talk,

    另外,下面太吵,我也不方便說話。

  • but I'm happy to report that yes, the clams are real.

    但很高興地告訴各位,不要懷疑,蛤蜊感測器是真的。

  • They actually do protect Warsaw,

    牠們真的有在保護華沙。

  • but the story's a little more complicated than that.

    但實際情況比表面看起來的更復雜一點。

  • Warsaw's water source is surface water, the water of the Vistula River.

    華沙的水源是地表水,即維斯瓦河河水。

  • If it turns out that there's ever a toxic substance in the water,

    如果發現水中有毒物質,

  • we must not allow that contaminated water to reach our residents.

    我們絕不能讓受污染的水接觸到這裡的居民。

  • So therefore, we would start a special procedure,

    因此,我們會啟動特殊程序,

  • and our laboratories would carry out a number of tests,

    我們的實驗室將進行多項測試,

  • to find out what is the cause of the water contamination.

    以找出造成水污染的原因。

  • And we would have about two days to do that.

    這過程大約需要花上兩天。

  • The alarm has never sounded yet, but for water safety,

    目前警報還沒響起過,但為了水源安全,

  • an early warning system is very important.

    預警系統非常重要。

  • The important thing is: those clams aren't the only protection.

    重點來了,這些蛤蜊並不是唯一的保護措施。

  • They're not even the main part.

    甚至不是主要的部分。

  • This is still a modern water treatment system,

    這仍然是個現代化的水資源處理系統。

  • with 21st century sensors and detectors to keep everyone safe.

    配有 21 世紀的感測及探測器,確保每個人的安全。

  • This is part of a defense in depth, one part of an early warning system,

    這只是深度防禦系統,預警系統的一部分。

  • one more alarm that can go off,

    多一個可以警示的警報。

  • like an airport that uses explosive sniffing dogs but also electronic detectors.

    就像機場會用爆裂物偵測犬,但也會使用電子探測器。

  • These clams are caught from a very clean lake.

    這些蛤蜊是從一個非常乾淨的湖中捕來的。

  • Then they got to our laboratory where they spend about two weeks acclimatizing.

    然後牠們來到我們的實驗室,花大約兩週時間適應環境。

  • At the same time, although it sound strange, they're also calibrated.

    同時,雖然聽起來很奇怪,但它們會經過校準。

  • What angle of opening is 100% and what is zero?

    怎樣的角度是全開,怎樣是完全緊閉?

  • It's very important that we're able to interpret the result later.

    能讓我們後續解讀是非常重要的。

  • Eight individuals go to this aquarium.

    八個蛤蜊會進這個水族館。

  • And these clams are attached to pedestals to which there's also attached a probe,

    這些蛤蜊會附在有探針的基座上,

  • receiving signals from the sensor that's mounted on the shell of each clam.

    安裝在每個蛤蜊殼上的感測器會接收信號。

  • These sensors are fixed with a special glue, which is absolutely safe for animals.

    固定感測器用的是特殊膠水,對動物絕對無害。

  • Three months later, the clams are returned to their natural habitat.

    三個月後,這些蛤蜊會被送回自然棲息地。

  • We know that this is not a stressful situation for them.

    我們知道這對他們來說不是會造成壓力的環境。

  • We take care of our colleagues here!

    我們把我們的同事照顧得很好!

  • How do we know if there's a problem, if something's happening to the water?

    怎麼知道水是否有問題呢?

  • If, at the same time, six out of eight individuals close their shells for more than four minutes,

    如果八個中有六個貝殼同時合上超過四分鐘,

  • and at the same time, average closing percentage of all the shells falls below 25%.

    同時,所有蛤蜊的平均合殼率低於 25%。

  • We can see that most of these clams are very active now.

    我們可以看到現在大部分蛤蜊都很活躍。

  • The average opening percentage, across all the clams, is 72%.

    所有蛤蜊的平均開殼率為 72%。

  • So, the water is safe.

    這表示目前水是安全的。

  • The technical term for this is "biomonitoring,"

    這個技術的專業術語是「生物監測」

  • and it turns out from more research that this isn't the only place that does it.

    而我深入研究後發現,這裡並不是唯一使用此技術的地方。

  • There are other water companies in Poland that have similar setups,

    在波蘭,還有其他水公司也有類似裝置。

  • plus one in Minnesota, USA, and probably more that I haven't found.

    美國明尼蘇達州也有一個,可能還有更多我沒查到的。

  • At which point I think I can say that: yes, the red flag in my head was wrong.

    現在,我想我可以說,沒錯,我腦中的警示信號錯了。

  • The clams in this building really do help protect Warsaw.

    這建築裡的蛤蜊確實有助保護華沙。

Over the years I've been making videos,

我做影片的這些年,

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