Name: 毒理學家回答Twitter的更多毒物問題 | 技術支持 | WIRED (Toxicologist Answers More Poison Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED)
Uploaded: 2023-01-31T02:05:39.000Z
Duration: 14 min 14 s

I'm a board-certified toxicologist, and I'm here today to answer your questions from Twitter.

我是一個經委員會認證的毒理學家。

我今天在這裡回答你們在Twitter上的問題。

First up, we have a question from @koobylikon.

首先，我們有一個來自@koobylikon的問題。

Well, a poison is a substance that can do damage to any living organism or to the environment,

老兄，是什麼讓毒藥變成了毒藥？

嗯，毒藥是一種可以造成損害的物質

對任何生物機體或環境的影響。

If you drank six liters of water, that probably could kill you.

但這實際上是關於劑量的問題。

How about 118 cups of coffee in a row, or 75 espressos?

That would give you an overdose of caffeine.

Something else that could kill you right on your table: 225 gram of salt.

劑量大，一般效果較好。如果你喝了六公升的水。 

There's a lot of things that you might not think are poisonous, but in the right dose they most definitely are.

連續喝118杯咖啡，或75杯濃縮咖啡如何？那會讓你的咖啡因過量。 還有一些東西可以在你的桌子上殺死你。 

Both sun poisoning and sunburn are both caused by over exposure to UV rays.

A severe, so sunburn becomes sun poisoning when it moves from just that red, hot rash to blisters,

feeling like you have the flu, dizzy, or nauseous.

Sun poisoning is your body's immune reaction to all of that sun damage.

So what do you do if you have either of those things?

但在正確的劑量下，它們絕對是。

Make sure you drink lots and lots of water.

That sun damage will dehydrate you, and dehydration is the cause of a whole lot of other problems.

Stay out of the sun, apply cool, not icy cold, compresses on your skin.

Take an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory agent as well.

陽光中毒和晒傷都是由以下原因造成的過度暴露在紫外線下。 

So if one happened to smash a mercury thermometer and then happened to spend an hour forensically gathering tiny dots of quicksilver from the floor,

how would one happen to safely dispose of the evidence?

當它從那種紅色的、熱的皮疹轉變成水泡時。

It is very, very important that you are careful and complete in how you actually clean up this spill.

感覺像得了流感，頭暈，或噁心。

Mercury can vaporize, get into the air, and you can breathe it.

So you wanna see if you can have your windows open.

I know it's fun to let it play in your hand, but you can't do that anymore.

那麼，如果你有這兩種情況，你該怎麼辦？

Use duct tape to kind of pound on the ground to clean it up.

而脫水是導致其他一大堆問題的原因。

All of those thing, those cleaning supplies, everything, put into some kind of giant Ziploc-type bag,

and then you're gonna have to wait until you have a hazardous waste collection day and dispose of it properly.

Do not clean up spilled mercury with the vacuum cleaner.

Mercury is very, very dangerous for the environment, and it's also not great for you either.

在皮膚上進行涼敷，而不是冰冷的敷料。也可以服用非處方消炎藥。 

From @RickNowack, what is the most poisonous mushroom?

@WalkingDad_IE。是以，如果有人碰巧打碎了一個水銀溫度計 

花一個小時的時間來收集微小的點狀物

Well, if you really want to know, it's probably the death cap mushroom.

Within six to 12 hours, you are in incredible pain.

Nausea, vomiting, violent chills, muscle contractions, all of these nasty things.

And eventually, if the dose was high enough, you end up having liver failure, multiple organ failure, and death.

I've been trying for so long to explain the difference between venom and poison when it comes to snakes to my friends. Help!

The difference really is how that poison is delivered to the person.

A poison is administered or you're exposed to it via breathing or touching it or ingesting it.

並在你如何實際清理這個洩漏的過程中完成。

Venom, that is also a poison, but it's how you get that poison.

That's more of a sting or a bite. So it's more active.

所以你想看看你的窗戶是否可以打開。

You get bit by a copperhead snake, that's a venomous attack.

@WildlifeDefence asks, what is Compound 1080?

Compound 1080 is an extremely potent predacide.

So if you've got sheep and goats in your field and you've got a problem with coyotes, well, this is what you would use.

Because Compound 1080 is so potent, they have a special way to administer it to avoid killing broad numbers of animals in your field.

There's a collar that they put around the neck.

我知道讓它在你手中發揮是很有趣的。

So it's got a collar with a reservoir of the 1080 right along the neck so that when the coyote comes along and grabs the neck,

it bites into that reservoir and is immediately poisoned and dies.

@LTHSAPES asks, what does a toxicologist study?

Just like there's different kinds of doctors, there's lots of different kinds of toxicologists.

所以要戴上一些手套。要非常小心。 

I am an occupational toxicologist, and my job is to look at all the things that could be in a workplace.

用透明膠帶在地上敲打一下，把它清理乾淨。

Food toxicologists, for example, they work to make sure our food supply is safe.

I even know a toxicologist that works at a winery.

所有那些東西，那些清潔用品。

From @bluebellbats, Google search how to detect poison.

Unfortunately, to detect a poison, I'm gonna need to have a little bit more information.

所有的東西，都放到某種巨大的Ziploc型袋子裡。

If the lead singer is Brett Michaels, then I'm sure it is poison.

If it's just bad medicine, sorry, that's Bon Jovi.

If it's party poison, that's My Chemical Romance.

@katlinnrebecca asks, so is alcohol actually poison, or...

Anything can be a poison in the right dose, and alcohol is definitely a poison If you drink too much.

汞對環境非常、非常危險。而且對你來說也不是很好。 來自@RickNowack，什麼是最毒的蘑菇？ 

First of all, alcohol can impair your central nervous system so that can slow your breathing.

A byproduct of alcohol metabolism is the formation of acetaldehyde.

Acetaldehyde is a chemical that really likes to damage parts of your liver.

Long-term, that slow exposure over time to alcohol and its metabolites can result in cirrhosis and other kinds of liver damage,

eventually leading to potentially liver cancer.

From @lkhouvanjou75, mad hatters were mad because of the lead/mercury? Anybody know(s) why?

Hatters were mad because of the lead mercury anybody know why I do.

在6至12小時內，你會感到難以置信的痛苦。

Mercury was used to help make the different skins.

肌肉收縮，所有這些討厭的東西。

They used for hats, help that firm matt really well.

而最終，如果劑量足夠大的話。

It also toughened up the fibers and was made of very high quality felt that was going to be used in the hat.

Part of the hat making process is that you steam the hat that releases all of that mercury into the air and then they briefed it.

They said that they were mad Hatters, it's because of many of the psychological symptoms that the over exposure to the mercury caused hallucinations, dizziness.

You think of Mad Hatter's actually is something being from victorian times.

But actually it wasn't until 19 forties that in the United States the governor of Connecticut banned the use of mercury in hats Appy paul asks, how long does poison take to work?

Some poisons can make you sick right after you ingest breathe or touch it.

Other poise reasons those can take a lifetime to really manifest in its adverse effects.

真正的區別在於如何提供這種毒藥

You've seen them eat those poison pills in movies that definitely can kill you within a few minutes.

Cyanide is a very toxic chemical and it is extremely potent.

When you get exposed to cyanide, it quickly enters your cell and stops your cell's ability to actually make energy.

You see the convulsions, you have a heart attack, you have different problems within your heart and it's all because cyanide is really good about getting in your body and inside those cells where irreversibly stops all energy production.