- There are times where you may want to host

- 有的時候，你可能想主持

your remote Git repository within your network.

你的遠程 Git 倉庫在你的網絡中。

The reasons for this are varied.

造成這種情況的原因多種多樣。

Perhaps you'll be storing sensitive data

也許你將存儲敏感數據

which you don't want to trust to a cloud provider,

你不想把這些東西交給一個雲計算供應商。

or maybe you want the speed advantage

或者你想獲得速度上的優勢

of having your Git server on your local network.

在本地網絡上設置Git服務器的做法。

I recommend setting up your own private Git repository.

我建議建立你自己的私人Git倉庫。

This way you don't have to worry about

這樣，你就不必擔心

what is being stored in your repository

在你的存儲庫中存儲了什麼

as your repository is private,

因為你的存儲庫是私有的。

nor do you have to worry about storage

你也不必擔心儲存問題

as local storage is large and cheap.

因為在地存儲量大且便宜。

To do this properly, we need two hosts.

為了正確做到這一點，我們需要兩個主機。

I will set this up on my rhhost2 VM

我將在我的rhhost2虛擬機上設置這個程序

and have the rhhost1 client contacted through the network.

並讓rhhost1的客戶端通過網絡聯繫上。

However, this will also work just fine on one host.

然而，這在一臺主機上也能正常工作。

It's just not we'd build it in a real environment.

只是我們不會在真實環境中建造它。

To run it on one host,

要在一臺主機上運行它。

we'll just have the client host

我們只需讓客戶主機

contact itself over the network.

通過網絡聯繫自己。

To create a remote Git repository easily

要輕鬆創建一個遠程的Git倉庫

we'll be using SSH keys,

我們將使用SSH密鑰。

which means you'll probably want a Git repository

這意味著你可能需要一個Git倉庫

on an operating system that has an SSH server

在一個有SSH服務器的作業系統上。

such as Linux, Unix, or macOS.

如Linux、Unix或macOS。

Although it can also work on Windows using Win32_OpenSSH.

儘管它也可以在Windows上使用Win32_OpenSSH工作。

Go to the host with a remote repository will reside,

轉到遠程版本庫所在的主機。

for me, this is rhhost2.

對我來說，這就是rhhost2。

If you plan on doing this exercise on one host,

如果你打算在一臺主機上做這個練習。

just follow along as these instructions will work

只要按照這些訓示去做就可以了

for that scenario as well.

對這種情況也是如此。

Let's start by creating a Git user.

讓我們從創建一個Git用戶開始。

Type in sudo useradd git

鍵入sudo useradd git

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

Type in your password if prompted.

如果有提示，請輸入密碼。

Now let's give the Git user a password.

現在讓我們給 Git 用戶一個密碼。

Type in sudo passwd git

鍵入sudo passwd git

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

Now give the Git user a password.

現在給 Git 用戶一個密碼。

Now make a directory for the Git repository.

現在為 Git 倉庫建立一個目錄。

We'll call it GitProjectTwo.git

我們將其稱為GitProjectTwo.git

and place it /srv/git.

並把它放在/srv/git。

Where you put this is not that important,

你把這個放在哪裡並不那麼重要。

as long as the git user has access to it.

只要git用戶可以訪問它。

Type in sudo mkdir -p /srv/git/GitprojectTwo.git

輸入sudo mkdir -p /srv/git/GitprojectTwo.git

Make sure you use the -p option

請確保你使用-p選項

so it creates the parent directories.

所以它創建了父目錄。

Notice that I've used the .git naming convention

注意，我使用了.git的命名規則

for this directory.

為這個目錄。

This is to tell me that this is a remote repository

這是為了告訴我這是一個遠程倉庫。

being served at two other hosts.

正在為另外兩個主人提供服務。

We will not see the into this directory and do commits.

我們將不會看到進入這個目錄並做提交。

Now, change into the GitProject2.git directory by typing in

現在，在GitProject2.git目錄中鍵入

cd /srv/git/GitProjectTwo.git

cd /srv/git/GitProjectTwo.git

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

Now we'll initialize a bare Git repository.

現在我們將初始化一個裸露的Git倉庫。

Type in sudo git init --bare and hit enter.

輸入sudo git init --bare，然後點擊回車。

That's the basic Git server setup.

這就是基本的 Git 服務器設置。

Now let's set permissions,

現在我們來設置權限。

cd up two levels by typing in cd /srv and hit enter.

通過輸入cd /srv並點擊回車鍵，cd上升兩級。

And we'll change the ownership of the Git directory

然後我們將改變Git目錄的所有權

to the Git user and the Git group.

到Git用戶和Git組。

Type in sudo chown -R git.git git

鍵入sudo chown -R git.git git

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

All files should now be owned

現在所有的文件都應該屬於

by the Git user and the Git group.

由Git用戶和Git組決定。

Let's verify.

讓我們來驗證一下。

Type in ls -lR git

鍵入ls -lR git

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

And we can see that they are.

而我們可以看到，他們是。

Before we move to the client,

在我們轉移到客戶之前。

we need to know the IP address of this host.

我們需要知道該主機的IP地址。

Type in clear, and then type in ifconfig, and hit enter.

鍵入clear，然後鍵入ifconfig，並點擊回車。

My IP address is 192.168.1.125.

我的IP地址是192.168.1.125。

Even if you're using one host for this exercise,

即使你在這個練習中使用一個主機。

you'll still need to know the IP address,

你仍然需要知道IP地址。

as you'll still be using it.

因為你仍然會使用它。

Now let's move over to the client host.

現在讓我們移到客戶主機上。

In my case, this is rhhost1.

在我的例子中，這就是rhhost1。

Again, if you're doing this on one host, that's fine,

同樣，如果你在一臺主機上做這個，這很好。

we'll just have our client contact our server,

我們只是讓我們的客戶聯繫我們的服務器。

which happens to be the same host with same IP address.

這恰好是同一臺主機，有相同的IP地址。

Let's create a new local project called GitProjectTwo.

讓我們創建一個新的在地項目，名為GitProjectTwo。

Type in mkdir -p ~/RemoteRepos/GitProjectTwo

輸入mkdir -p ~/RemoteRepos/GitProjectTwo

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

Notice that I didn't include the .git portion of the name.

注意，我沒有包括名稱中的.git部分。

This tells me this is a Git project directory

這告訴我這是一個Git項目目錄

that I'll cd into and make commits

我將進入cd並進行提交

The naming convention is actually up to you.

命名方式實際上由你決定。

Now change into it,

現在換上它。

type in cd ~/RemoteRepos/GitProjectTwo/

鍵入cd ~/RemoteRepos/GitProjectTwo/

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

And we'll initialize the repository

我們將初始化存儲庫

by typing git init

通過輸入git init

Now let's copy a few files to it.

現在讓我們複製一些文件到其中。

Type in cp /etc/passwd /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.cof .

輸入cp /etc/passwd /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.cof 。

Make sure you add the . at the end.

確保你在最後加上.。

This has to copy these files to the current directory

這必須將這些文件複製到當前目錄下

which is the GitProjectTwo directory.

也就是GitProjectTwo的目錄。

If you're using an OS without these files

如果你使用的作業系統沒有這些文件

choose some other files to copy.

選擇一些其他文件進行復制。

Now, hit enter.

現在，點擊回車。

Now stage the files for a commit.

現在，為提交文件做準備。

Type in git add .

鍵入git add .

the dot matches all files in the directory.

點匹配目錄中的所有文件。

Go ahead and hit enter.

繼續按回車鍵。

Now we'll commit them with

現在我們將用以下方式提交它們

git commit -m "Initial Commit"

git commit -m "Init Initial Commit"

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

Now let's add our Git server as a remote.

現在讓我們把我們的Git服務器添加為一個遠程。

For me this would be

對我來說，這將是

git remote add origin git@

git remote add origin git@

and then my IP address of my rhhost2 VM

然後是我的rhhost2虛擬機的IP地址

192.168.1.125

192.168.1.125

You want to use your IP address here,

你想在這裡使用你的IP地址。

:/srv/git/git/GitProjectTwo.git

:/srv/git/git/GitProjectTwo.git

now press enter.

現在按回車鍵。

Now verify with git remote -v

現在用git remote -v來驗證

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

We can see that we have one remote host

我們可以看到，我們有一個遠程主機

for fetching and pushing to.

用於取和推到。

Now let's push our files to the remote.

現在讓我們把我們的文件推送到遠程。

git push origin master

git push origin master

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

Say yes to accept the fingerprint

說 "是 "以接受指紋

and now type in the Git user's password and hit enter.

現在輸入Git用戶的密碼並點擊回車。

If successful, you'll see it in the message on the screen.

如果成功，你會在螢幕上的資訊中看到。

Now other hosts can clone this repository

現在其他主機可以克隆這個版本庫了

by tipping and get clone followed by the same URL.

通過小費，得到克隆後的相同網址。

Again, adjust the IP address to match your host.

同樣，調整IP地址以匹配你的主機。

Now, what we want to do is use SSH keys for authentication.

現在，我們要做的是使用SSH密鑰進行認證。

Once this is done, you can commit and push

一旦完成這些，你就可以提交併推送

to the remote repository without being bothered

到遠程存儲庫而不被打擾

with typing in a password,

與輸入密碼。

you will want to be on your Git client.

你將會希望在你的Git客戶端上。

I'm logged into my rhhost1 VM.

我登錄了我的rhhost1虛擬機。

To use SSH keys for authentication,

要使用SSH密鑰進行認證。

we need to create our key pairs on our client

我們需要在我們的客戶端創建我們的密鑰對

and then copy the public key to the Git server.

然後將公鑰複製到 Git 服務器上。

On your client, type in

在你的客戶端，鍵入

ssh -keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "

ssh -keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "

and then your email address.

然後是你的電子郵件地址。

Be sure to use your email address here.

請務必在此使用您的電子郵件地址。

Also, if you plan on using these keys for GitHub

另外，如果你打算將這些密鑰用於GitHub

make sure the email address will match.

確保電子郵件地址能夠匹配。

Now, hit enter.

現在，點擊回車。

It will ask us the name of the file to save the keys as,

它將詢問我們要保存鑰匙的文件名。

you can take the default here.

你可以在這裡接受默認。

For the passphrase, leave it blank and hit enter twice.

對於口令，留空，敲兩次回車。

We can view the key pair by listing the .ssh directory.

我們可以通過列出.ssh目錄來查看密鑰對。

To have an ls ~/.ssh and hit enter

要有一個ls ~/.ssh，然後點擊回車鍵

We can see that we have an id_rsa key,

我們可以看到，我們有一個id_rsa鍵。

that's our private key and an id_rsa.pub,

這就是我們的私鑰和一個id_rsa.pub。

which is our public key.

這就是我們的公鑰。

Now using the ssh-copy-id command

現在使用ssh-copy-id命令

we can copy the public key to the Git server.

我們可以把公鑰複製到 Git 服務器上。

Type in clear, type in ssh-copy-id git@

鍵入clear，鍵入ssh-copy-id git@

and your get server IP address.

和你獲得的服務器IP地址。

In my case, it's 192.168.1.125

在我的情況下，它是192.168.1.125

You want to make sure you use your IP address here

你要確保你在這裡使用你的IP地址

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

It will prompt you for the Git password

它將提示你輸入Git密碼

on the get server type that in and hit enter.

在獲取服務器上鍵入該資訊並點擊回車。

If successful, it'll say Number of key(s) added: 1,

如果成功，它會說添加的鑰匙數量：1。

it'll also say to test it.

它也會說要測試它。

Type in ssh git@ and your IP address.

鍵入ssh git@和你的IP地址。

which you see on the screen.

這是你在螢幕上看到的。

Let's go ahead and do that.

讓我們繼續下去，並做到這一點。

Type in ssh git@

鍵入ssh git@

in my case, it's 192.168.1.125

在我的情況下，它是192.168.1.125

and hit enter.

並點擊回車。

And if it's a successful, you can log in

而如果是成功的，你可以登錄

without a password which I did.

在沒有密碼的情況下，我做到了。

Once you've done this, type in exit.

一旦你完成了這些，就輸入退出。

Note, you can do this manually and append this public key

注意，你可以手動完成這個工作，並附加這個公鑰

to the .ssh/authorized_keys file on the remote host,

到遠程主機上的.ssh/authorized_keys文件。

but the ssh_copy_id command takes care of it for us

但ssh_copy_id命令為我們處理了這個問題。

as well as setting permissions.

以及設置權限。

If your operating system has the ssh_copy_id command,

如果你的作業系統有ssh_copy_id命令。

save yourself from trouble and use it.

拯救自己的麻煩，使用它。

You may not want people logging in interactively

你可能不希望人們以互動方式登錄

as the Git user with SSH,

作為 Git 用戶使用 SSH。

so you may want to change the shell

所以你可能想改變外殼

for the Git user to git-shell.

為Git用戶的git-shell。

I won't go into that here, but it's a good idea.

我不會在這裡討論這個問題，但這是一個好主意。

Check the git-shell man page for more information

查看git-shell手冊以獲得更多資訊

I have mentioned that you can also use these keys

我已經提到，你也可以使用這些鑰匙

for the GitHub repository too.

對GitHub倉庫也是如此。

First, let's copy the SSH key into our clipboard.

首先，讓我們把SSH密鑰複製到我們的剪貼板上。

Type in clear, and then type in cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

鍵入clear，然後鍵入cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub。

Make sure you have the .pub file as it's the public key.

請確保你有.pub文件，因為它是公鑰。

And then highlight it and copy it into your clipboard.

然後高亮顯示並將其複製到你的剪貼板。

Now bring up a web browser and log into your GitHub account.

現在調出一個網頁瀏覽器，登錄你的GitHub賬戶。

Click on the photo on the top right,

點擊右上角的照片。

and then click on Settings.

然後點擊設置。

In the left hand pane, click on SSH and GPG keys,

在左邊的窗格中，點擊SSH和GPG密鑰。

and then click on New SSH key,

然後點擊新建SSH密鑰。

give it a title,

給它一個標題。

I'm going to call mine rhhost1

我打算把我的稱為rhhost1

and then paste the key into the next box.

然後將鑰匙粘貼到下一個框中。

And then lastly, click on, Add SSH key.

然後，最後點擊，添加SSH密鑰。

Now the key is on GitHub.

現在鑰匙在GitHub上。

The last thing we need to do is change our remotes

我們需要做的最後一件事是改變我們的遙控器

from HTTPS to the Git protocol,

從HTTPS到Git協議。

click on the GitHub logo and then click on your repository,

點擊GitHub標誌，然後點擊你的倉庫。

and then click on Clone or download

然後點擊克隆或下載

and click on Use SSH.

並點擊使用SSH。

You want a copy that URL into your clipboard.

你要把這個URL複製到你的剪貼板上。

Now go back to your terminal,

現在回到你的終端。

type in clear, and then change into your

鍵入清晰，然後換上你的

GitProjectOne directory.

GitProjectOne目錄。

Type in cd GitProjectOne/ and hit enter.

輸入cd GitProjectOne/，然後點擊回車。

And let's look at the remotes,

我們再來看看遙控器。

type in git remote -v and hit enter.

輸入git remote -v並點擊回車。

You'll notice that both remotes use the HTTPS protocol.

你會注意到，這兩個遙控器都使用HTTPS協議。

We want to change this to Git.

我們想把它改成Git。

type in git remote set-url origin

鍵入git remote set-url origin

and then paste the URL you copied from GitHub and hit enter.

然後粘貼你從GitHub複製的URL並點擊回車。

And we can verify with git remote -v and hit enter.

我們可以用git remote -v來驗證，然後點擊回車。

You could also test it by committing a change

你也可以通過提交一個變化來測試它

and trying to push it.

並試圖推動它。

(pleasant music)

(愉快的音樂)