You love teeth and want a specialty where you can have a great lifestyle, avoid back

你熱愛牙齒，希望有一個專業，在那裡你可以有一個偉大的生活方式，避免回

pain, and delegate most of your tasks to your assistants.

痛苦，並將大部分的任務委託給你的助手。

Let’s debunk the public perception myths and give it to you straight.

讓我們揭穿公眾認知的神話，直接給你看。

This is the reality of orthodontics.

這就是正畸的現實。

Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com Welcome to our next installment in So You

Jubbal醫生，MedSchoolInsiders.com 歡迎來到我們的下一期《那麼你》。

Want to Be.

想成為。

In this series, we highlight a specific specialty within healthcare, such as orthodontics, and

在這個系列中，我們強調了醫療衛生領域的一個特定專業，如牙齒矯正，以及

help you decide if it’s a good fit for you.

幫助你決定它是否適合你。

You can find the other specialties on our So You Want to Be playlist.

你可以在我們的 "你想成為什麼樣的人 "播放列表中找到其他專業。

If you have a specific specialty you want covered, be sure to vote in our upcoming polls,

如果你有一個特定的專業，你希望覆蓋，一定要在我們接下來的投票中投票。

and to do that you’ll need to be subscribed.

而要做到這一點，你需要被訂閱。

YouTube channel members receive additional perks and will get priority in helping us

YouTube頻道的會員可以獲得額外的福利，並將優先幫助我們

decide future specialties.

決定未來的專業。

Click the Join button underneath this video for more information.

點擊本視頻下方的加入按鈕，瞭解更多資訊。

If you’d like to see what being an orthodontist looks like, check out my second channel, Kevin

如果你想看看作為一名正畸醫生是什麼樣子的，請查看我的第二個頻道，Kevin

Jubbal, M.D., and more specifically our Day in the Life playlist, where we'll be covering

Jubbal, M.D.，更具體地說，我們的《生活中的一天》播放列表，我們將涵蓋

a day in the life of an orthodontist in the future.

未來正畸醫生生活中的一天。

Orthodontics is the specialty of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention,

牙齒矯正學是處理診斷、預防的牙科專業。

and correction of malpositioned teeth and jaws.

並對錯位的牙齒和頜骨進行矯正。

Although orthodontists are best known for straightening teeth, a more accurate description

雖然正畸醫生最出名的是矯正牙齒，但更準確的描述是

of what they do is ensure their patients have a healthy “occlusion,” which includes

他們所做的是確保他們的病人有一個健康的 "咬合"，其中包括

proper alignment of teeth, jaws, and the bite.

牙齒、頜骨和咬合的正確排列。

This means that the teeth are not only straight in the upper and lower jaws, but also fit

這意味著牙齒不僅在上顎和下顎是整齊的，而且還適合

well when the jaws close together.

顎部合攏時，很好。

Improper alignment of teeth and jaws can lead to a variety of problems including asymmetric

牙齒和頜骨的不當排列會導致各種問題，包括不對稱的

growth of the jaws, irregular wear, impaction, and early loss of teeth.

頜骨的生長，不規則的磨損，嵌塞，和牙齒的早期脫落。

In addition, issues such as crowding may inhibit your ability to adequately clean your teeth

此外，擁擠等問題可能會抑制你充分清潔牙齒的能力。

and gums which can lead to other issues down the road such as tooth decay, inflammation

和牙齦，這可能導致其他問題，如蛀牙、發炎等。

of the gums, and loss of bone around the tooth.

牙齦，以及牙齒周圍的骨質流失。

Other problems include difficulty with speech, chewing, and swallowing in addition to aesthetic

其他問題包括語言、咀嚼和吞嚥方面的困難，此外還有美學方面的問題。

concerns if the jaws and bite are not fitting together properly.

如果頜骨和咬合不合適，則需要關注。

Therefore orthodontists are critical in developing proper form and function in the oral cavity,

是以，正畸醫生在發展口腔的適當形式和功能方面至關重要。

which can ultimately help patients maintain their teeth for longer.

這最終可以幫助患者更長久地保持他們的牙齒。

Every patient is different, so it’s the orthodontist’s job to use a combination

每個病人都是不同的，是以，正畸醫生的工作是綜合使用

of in-person exams and x-ray imaging to develop a personalized treatment plan.

的當面檢查和X射線成像，以制定個性化的治療計劃。

Although most patients immediately think of braces when they hear orthodontics, these

雖然大多數患者一聽到正畸就立即想到牙套，但這些

are not the only tools in the orthodontist’s arsenal.

並不是正畸醫生武庫中的唯一工具。

There are a variety of appliances such as aligners, palatal expanders, micro-implants,

有各種各樣的器具，如矯正器、顎部擴張器、微型假體。

headgears, and facemasks, also known as reverse pull headgear, that an orthodontist may use

頭套和麵罩，也稱為反拉頭套，正畸醫生可能會使用這些頭套。

to improve a patient’s bite.

以改善病人的咬合。

The tools used will depend on the patient’s complexity and individual needs.

使用的工具將取決於病人的複雜性和個人需求。

An important method of differentiating an orthodontist’s practice is private practice

區分正畸醫生的一個重要方法是私人診所

vs academic vs community clinics.

與學術性診所與社區診所相比。

Most orthodontists work in private practice.

大多數正畸醫生在私人診所工作。

Some own their practice and take care of the administrative work that comes along with

有些人擁有自己的診所，並負責與之相伴的行政工作。

owning a business.

擁有一個企業。

Others work as an associate at private practices or work at a dental service organization,

其他人在私人診所擔任助理，或在牙科服務組織工作。

or DSO, and only deal with the clinical aspects of orthodontics.

或DSO，並且只處理正畸的臨床方面。

Associate orthodontists have fewer administrative responsibilities while owner orthodontists

助理正畸醫生的行政責任較少，而業主正畸醫生的行政責任較多。

juggle both the clinical and business aspects of the practice.

兼顧臨床和業務兩方面的工作。

Although owning a practice does come with larger financial profits and no limits on

雖然擁有一家診所確實能帶來更大的經濟利潤，而且沒有任何限制

income potential, there are more stresses associated with owning a business.

收入的潛力，擁有一個企業會有更多的壓力。

On the other hand, associateships are much less stressful but come with income limits.

另一方面，聯營公司的壓力要小得多，但也有收入限制。

Other orthodontists choose to stay in academics or go into academics after a career in private

其他正畸醫生選擇留在學術界或在從事私人工作後進入學術界。

practice.

做法。

These orthodontists are often more interested in research and teaching than in the business

這些正畸醫生往往對研究和教學更感興趣，而不是對業務感興趣。

aspect of dentistry.

牙科方面的問題。

While some academic orthodontists will largely forgo practicing clinical orthodontics in

雖然一些學術性的正畸醫生會在很大程度上放棄在臨床正畸方面的實踐，但他們也會在臨床正畸方面有自己的想法。

favor of research or administrative responsibilities, some will oversee complex cases that private

傾向於研究或行政責任，一些人將監督複雜的案件，而這些案件是私人的。

practice orthodontists refer to academic institutions for multidisciplinary care.

實踐中的正畸醫生向學術機構推薦多學科的護理。

For instance, many craniofacial cases and some orthodontic cases requiring jaw surgery

例如，許多顱面病例和一些需要顎部手術的正畸病例

are referred to academic institutions as they require multiple dental and medical specialties.

由於需要多個牙科和醫療專業，是以被轉到學術機構。

Lastly, there are community clinics which are largely volunteer-based.

最後，還有一些社區診所，這些診所主要以志願者為基礎。

Orthodontists that work in these clinics tend to have a passion for orthodontics and are

在這些診所工作的正畸醫生往往對正畸有一種熱情，並且是

either financially stable or work in private practice on the side.

要麼經濟穩定，要麼在私人診所兼職工作。

Community clinics often offer limited compensation and have fewer resources and staff, resulting

社區診所提供的補償往往有限，而且資源和工作人員較少，導致

in more strenuous work for the orthodontist.

對正畸醫生來說，這是一項更艱鉅的工作。

Although these practices are not common, they usually serve patients who need orthodontics

雖然這些做法並不常見，但它們通常為需要正畸的患者服務。

as a medical necessity, such as those with craniofacial abnormalities, who cannot afford

作為醫療必需品，如那些有顱面畸形的人，他們無法負擔得起

to seek treatment in private practice or academic settings.

在私人診所或學術環境中尋求治療。

In terms of compensation, private practice orthodontists will typically make the most,

就報酬而言，私人診所的正畸醫生通常會賺得最多。

followed by academic orthodontists, and lastly community clinic orthodontists.

其次是學術正畸醫生，最後是社區診所正畸醫生。

That being said, there is a high degree of variability in compensation, especially within

話雖如此，但報酬的變化程度很高，尤其是在

private practice.

私人執業。

Let’s clear up some misconceptions about orthodontics.

讓我們來澄清一下關於牙齒矯正的一些誤解。

To start, many people believe that orthodontists only treat children.

首先，許多人認為正畸醫生只治療兒童。

In reality, orthodontists see a wide spectrum of patients starting from around age 7 to

在現實生活中，正畸醫生看到的病人範圍很廣，從7歲左右開始到10歲左右。

age 70 and beyond in some instances.

70歲，在某些情況下甚至超過70歲。

Another common misconception is that anyone who offers braces or aligners is an orthodontist.

另一個常見的誤解是，任何提供牙套或矯正器的人都是正畸醫生。

This is not true.

這是不正確的。

Although some general dentists and online companies offer orthodontic services, they

雖然一些普通牙醫和網絡公司提供牙齒矯正服務，但他們

are not the same as an orthodontist.

是不一樣的正畸醫生。

To ensure proper treatment and avoid permanent damage to your teeth, the surrounding gums

為了確保適當的治療，避免對你的牙齒、周圍的牙齦造成永久性的損害

and bone, your smile, and even your facial appearance, it is best to seek treatment from

和骨骼，你的微笑，甚至你的面部外觀，最好是尋求治療，從

an orthodontist who has completed an accredited residency program.

已完成認可的住院醫師項目的正畸醫生。

Many people also think that orthodontics is an easy specialty.

許多人還認為，牙齒矯正是一個容易的專業。

To a layperson, it may seem that orthodontists just put on braces and straighten people’s

對一個普通人來說，正畸醫生似乎只是給人們戴上牙套並矯正他們的牙齒。

teeth.

牙齒。

In reality, orthodontics is much more complex than that.

實際上，牙齒矯正要比這複雜得多。

Orthodontists have to consider the patient’s bite and where the teeth are most stable within

正畸醫生必須考慮病人的咬合情況以及牙齒在其中最穩定的位置。

the bone, which varies from patient to patient.

骨頭，這因病人而異。

There is also a great deal of physics and biomechanics involved in orthodontics that

在正畸中還涉及到大量的物理學和生物力學方面的知識。

may not be apparent to those outside of the field.

對該領域以外的人來說可能並不明顯。

To become an orthodontist, you must first become a dentist, which requires completing

要成為一名正畸醫生，你必須首先成為一名牙醫，這需要完成

college and four years of dental school.

大學和四年的牙科學校。

If you know you want to be a dentist or orthodontist from high school, there are combined dental

如果你從高中開始就知道自己想成為一名牙醫或正畸醫生，那麼有一些組合式的牙醫

programs that reduce the number of years required for college and dental school as well.

縮短大學和牙科學校所需年限的方案也是如此。

After dental school, you need two or three years of orthodontics residency to become

在牙科學校畢業後，你需要兩到三年的正畸住院醫師培訓才能成為一名正畸醫師。

an orthodontist.

一名正畸醫生。

There are two types of orthodontics residency programs: academic and hospital-based.

有兩種類型的正畸住院醫師項目：學術型和醫院型。

Academic orthodontics residency programs are often affiliated with a dental school and

學術性的正畸住院醫師項目通常附屬於一所牙科學校和

include both a didactic component and a clinical component as part of their curriculum.

包括教學部分和臨床部分，作為其課程的一部分。

This means that residents will split their time between the classroom and the clinic.

這意味著住院醫師將在課堂和診所之間分配時間。

These programs can either be two years or three years in duration.

這些課程可以是兩年或三年的時間。

One of the benefits of completing a three-year program is that they generally include a Master's

完成三年制課程的好處之一是，它們通常包括一個碩士課程。

degree upon completion whereas many two-year programs do not.

完成後可獲得學位，而許多兩年制課程則沒有。

Additionally, a full orthodontic treatment generally takes 2-3 years to complete, so

此外，一個完整的正畸治療一般需要2-3年才能完成，所以

residents in three-year programs will have the opportunity to see more complex cases

三年制項目的居民將有機會看到更復雜的病例

from beginning to end whereas students of two-year programs may not be able to see these

從頭到尾，而兩年制課程的學生可能無法看到這些。

cases to completion.

審結的案件。

That being said, there are definite downsides of three-year academic programs, the big one

話雖如此，三年制學術項目也有明確的弊端，最大的弊端是

being tuition.

正在繳納學費。

Unlike medical residencies where you are paid to be there, the majority of academic orthodontic

不像醫學住院醫師那樣，你在那裡是有報酬的，大多數學術性的正畸機構都是有報酬的。

residencies charge tuition.

居住地收取學費。

These residencies are not cheap either, with some schools charging upwards of $110,000

這些居住地也不便宜，有些學校的收費高達11萬美元以上。

per year.

每年。

Hospital-based orthodontic residencies are, as the name suggests, affiliated with hospitals

以醫院為基礎的正畸住院醫師，顧名思義，是附屬於醫院的。

instead of academic institutions.

而不是學術機構。

They are generally two years long and, unlike academic programs, are mostly clinical with

他們一般為期兩年，與學術項目不同，主要是臨床，有的還會有其他項目。

fewer didactic and research components.

說教和研究部分較少。

In addition, many hospital residency programs offer stipends as opposed to charging tuition.

此外，許多醫院住院醫師項目提供津貼，而不是收取學費。

In terms of competitiveness, orthodontics is known for being one of the most competitive

就競爭力而言，正畸學以競爭最激烈而聞名。

dental specialties, with only around 55% of applicants matching into orthodontics each

齒科專業，每年只有約55%的申請人與正畸學相匹配。

year.

年。

To match into orthodontics, you will have to be at the top of your class and have solid

要想進入正畸領域，你必須是班上的佼佼者，並有堅實的基礎。

research experience, extracurriculars, and letters of recommendation.

研究經驗，課外活動，以及推薦信。

We have an entire playlist going over the most effective study strategies to help you

我們有一個完整的播放列表，介紹最有效的學習策略，以幫助你

on your way to becoming a top student – link in the description.

在你成為頂尖學生的路上--描述中的鏈接。

Dental students best suited for orthodontics are often well-rounded and highly motivated.

最適合做正畸的牙科學生往往是全面發展和高度積極的。

They tend to be social and enjoy a low-stress environment with a healthy work-life balance.

他們傾向於社交，享受低壓力的環境，工作與生活保持健康平衡。

For orthodontists that want to further subspecialize, there is only one main fellowship option available.

對於想要進一步細分專業的正畸醫生來說，只有一個主要的獎學金可供選擇。

Craniofacial orthodontics is a 1-year fellowship program that provides orthodontists with additional

顱面正畸學是一個為期一年的研究項目，為正畸醫生提供額外的

training and skills in the management of complex craniofacial anomalies.

在處理複雜的顱面畸形方面的培訓和技能。

This includes issues such as cleft lips and palate and other dentofacial deformities.

這包括諸如脣顎裂和其他齒面畸形的問題。

Craniofacial orthodontists will often work as a part of a craniofacial team, which includes

顱面正畸醫生通常會作為顱麵糰隊的一員工作，其中包括

plastic surgeons, oral surgeons, pediatricians, pediatric dentists, prosthodontists, speech

整形外科醫生、口腔外科醫生、兒科醫生、兒童牙科醫生、修復科醫生、語言科醫生

pathologists, otolaryngologists, geneticists, and neurosurgeons among others.

病理學家、耳鼻喉科醫生、遺傳學家和神經外科醫生等。

It should be noted that many orthodontists receive training in craniofacial orthodontics

應該指出的是，許多正畸醫生都接受過顱面正畸方面的培訓。

during residency and will still treat craniofacial patients in their respective practices.

在實習期間，他們仍將在各自的診所治療顱面病人。

As such, those that pursue fellowships in craniofacial orthodontics are generally passionate

是以，那些追求顱面正畸研究金的人一般都熱衷於

about treating patients with craniofacial abnormalities and want the extra experience,

關於治療顱面畸形的病人，希望有額外的經驗。

or they are interested in working in academic or hospital settings.

或者他們對在學術或醫院環境中工作感興趣。

In terms of compensation, craniofacial orthodontists typically make less than general orthodontists

在報酬方面，顱面正畸醫生的收入通常低於普通正畸醫生

as they will most likely be focusing on craniofacial syndromes instead of the more bread and butter

因為他們很可能將重點放在顱面綜合徵上，而不是更多的麵包和黃油。

orthodontic treatments which are often paid out-of-pocket.

矯正治療，這通常是自費的。

There’s a lot to love about orthodontics.

牙齒矯正有很多值得喜愛的地方。

To start, the lifestyle of an orthodontist is desirable relative to most medical and

首先，相對於大多數醫療和教育機構而言，正畸醫生的生活方式是可取的。

dental specialties.

牙科專業。

Most orthodontists work regular 9-5 business hours.

大多數正畸醫生的工作時間是正常的9-5點。

The number of days you work depends on the lifestyle you want – some will work only

你工作的天數取決於你想要的生活方式--有些人只會工作

a few days per month while others work 5-6 days a week.

每個月有幾天時間，而其他人每週工作5-6天。

Although there is generally a tradeoff between lifestyle and compensation, orthodontists

雖然在生活方式和報酬之間通常會有一個權衡，但正畸醫生

are also at the higher end of compensation relative to other dental specialties.

相對於其他牙科專業，他們的報酬也處於較高的水準。

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average orthodontist takes home around

根據美國勞工統計局的資料，牙齒矯正師的平均收入約為1萬美元。

$267,000 per year.

每年267,000美元。

Orthodontics is also less physically demanding than many other dental specialties.

與其他許多牙科專業相比，正畸學對體力的要求也較低。

Whereas most dental specialties struggle with strain on the back and hands from lengthy

而大多數牙科專業的人都在為長時間的背部和手部勞損而掙扎。

procedures, much of an orthodontist's work can be delegated to assistants.

程序，正畸醫生的許多工作可以委託給助手。

As a result, the orthodontist’s main job is to direct the treatment rather than directly

是以，正畸醫生的主要工作是指導治療，而不是直接

perform the procedures, leading to more downtime during patient care.

進行手術，導致病人護理期間有更多的停工時間。

Another benefit of being able to delegate work is that orthodontists can see many more

能夠委託工作的另一個好處是，正畸醫生可以看到更多的

patients per day.

每天的病人。

The average orthodontist will see around 30-60 patients per day with some seeing greater

一般來說，正畸醫生每天會看大約30-60個病人，有些人看得更多。

than 100 patients per day.

每天超過100名病人。

Patient volumes will vary, however, depending on the size of the practice as well as the

然而，病人數量會有所不同，這取決於診所的規模以及病人的數量。

systems that are in place to delegate work to assistants.

建立了將工作委託給助理的制度。

Orthodontics is also known for being a relatively low-stress occupation.

牙齒矯正學也因其是一個相對低壓力的職業而聞名。

There are no life-threatening emergencies and most mistakes are often reversible.

沒有危及生命的緊急情況，大多數錯誤往往是可逆的。

Lastly, the fulfillment of building relationships with patients over years of treatment can

最後，在多年的治療中與病人建立關係的成就感可以

be rewarding as you transform the smile and lower face of the patient.

當你改變病人的微笑和下巴時，你會得到回報。

Although orthodontics is an awesome specialty, it’s not for everyone.

雖然牙齒矯正是一個了不起的專業，但它並不適合所有人。

To start, the training to become an orthodontist is long and comes with additional opportunity

首先，成為正畸醫生的培訓是漫長的，並伴隨著額外的機會。

costs.

費用。

Unlike medical school, residency is not required after dental school.

與醫學院不同，牙科學校畢業後不需要住院治療。

This means that instead of going out to practice as a general dentist and making a solid six-figure

這意味著，與其出去當普通牙醫，賺取穩健的六位數收入，不如去做一個普通牙醫。

income, you’ll be committing an additional two to three years to orthodontics residency.

收入方面，你要多投入兩到三年的時間進行正畸住院治療。

Orthodontics is also highly competitive relative to other dental specialties, meaning that

相對於其他牙科專業而言，正畸學也具有很強的競爭力，這意味著

you will have to work much harder than your peers during dental school to graduate at

在牙科學校期間，你必須比你的同齡人更努力地工作，才能在畢業時取得好成績。

the top of your class.

在你的班級中名列前茅。

Some people also find orthodontics to be somewhat repetitive.

有些人還發現正畸有些重複。

As a general dentist, you are able to perform a wide variety of procedures; however, once

作為一名普通的牙科醫生，你能夠進行各種各樣的手術；然而，一旦

you specialize in orthodontics, your scope becomes much more limited.

你專攻牙齒矯正，你的範圍就會變得更加有限。

Being an orthodontist can also be socially exhausting at times.

作為一名正畸醫生，有時也會在社交方面感到疲憊。

Because much of the work can be delegated to dental assistants, orthodontists see higher

由於許多工作可以委託給牙科助理，正畸醫生看到的是更高的效率。

volumes of patients per day than most other medical and dental specialties.

與其他大多數醫療和牙科專業相比，每天的病人數量更多。

This means meeting and interacting with anywhere from thirty to more than one hundred different

這意味著與三十到一百多個不同的人會面和交流。

people each day, which can be exhausting – even for the most extroverted of orthodontists.

即使是最外向的正畸醫生，每天都要與人打交道，這可能會讓人疲憊不堪。

Lastly, according to the American Association of Orthodontists, approximately 79% of orthodontists

最後，根據美國正畸醫生協會的數據，大約79%的正畸醫生

own or share ownership of a practice.

擁有或分享一個實踐的所有權。

This means putting up with the additional administrative burdens and stress that come

這意味著要忍受額外的行政負擔和壓力。

along with owning a business.

伴隨著擁有一個企業。

How can you decide if orthodontics is right for you?

你如何決定正畸是否適合你？

If you are passionate about teeth and want to help your patients have straighter, healthier

如果你對牙齒有熱情，並想幫助你的病人擁有更整齊、更健康的牙齒

smiles while improving the aesthetics of their lower face, orthodontics might be a good fit.

在改善其下臉的美感的同時實現微笑，正畸可能是一個不錯的選擇。

In terms of personality, you should be at least somewhat social and enjoy being a leader.

就個性而言，你至少應該有一定的社交能力，並且喜歡做一個領導者。

You should work well with others and be comfortable delegating tasks to other members of the team.

你應該與他人合作愉快，並能自如地將任務下放給團隊的其他成員。