Not just for Peruvians, but the legacy for the entire world.

不僅僅是對祕魯人，而是對整個世界的遺產。

Welcome to watch Mojo and today we're counting down our picks for the top 10 archaeological discoveries in the 20th century.

歡迎來到《觀察魔術方塊》，今天我們來盤點一下20世紀的十大考古發現。

Do you think there's something beneath?

你認為下面有什麼東西嗎？

Well, We may know by the end of today for this list, we'll be looking at the most amazing and influential archaeological finds that were unearthed between 1900 and 2000.

好吧，我們可能會在今天結束時知道這個名單，我們將關注在1900年至2000年期間出土的最令人驚訝和最有影響力的考古發現。

Have you seen any of these in person?

你親眼見過這些東西嗎？

What did you think?

你是怎麼想的？

Let us know in the comments below number 10, the world's earliest figurative art.

請在下面的評論中告訴我們10號，世界上最早的具象藝術。

This site was a really special site and it was incredibly exciting because it just, it's located in this hidden valley located in Southwest Indonesia are the caves in the morrow's Karst which housed the world's earliest pieces of figurative Art.

這個地方是一個非常特別的地方，它令人難以置信地興奮，因為它就在這個隱藏的山谷裡，位於印度尼西亞的西南部，是莫羅喀斯特的洞穴，裡面有世界上最早的形象藝術作品。

Figurative Art is that which directly represents a place or object as opposed to the more elusive abstract art.

形象藝術是指直接表現一個地方或物體的藝術，而不是更難以捉摸的抽象藝術。

The caves were excavated in the early 70s and contain handprints and various drawings of animals.

這些洞穴是在70年代初挖掘出來的，裡面有手印和各種動物的圖畫。

One painting of a syllabus warty pig is at least 45,500 years old and it's believed that the handprints are up to 40,000 years old.

有一幅畫上的音節疣豬至少有4.55萬年的歷史，據說手印的歷史長達4萬年。

These are similar to the hand prints found in Spain's Cave of mantra VSO, which was discovered about 20 years before the caves in Maros karst.

這些手印類似於在西班牙的咒語洞VSO發現的手印，該洞比馬洛斯岩溶的洞穴早發現約20年。

Both are fascinating pieces of archaeology that provide a sense of humanity to our distant, distant ancestors.

兩者都是引人入勝的考古學作品，為我們遙遠的祖先提供了一種人性的感覺。

And then we're also interested in whether or not neanderthals themselves could be producing and the dating of this will tell us whether or not they are made by modern humans or made by neanderthals.

然後我們還對新人類本身是否可以生產感興趣，而這一的測算將告訴我們它們是否是由現代人制造的，還是由新人類製造的。

Number nine.

第九位。

The syrupy um of alexandria over 2000 years ago.

2000多年前亞歷山大城的糖水嗯。

This stark sprawling ruin was probably the most important center for learning in the world.

這片荒涼的廢墟可能是世界上最重要的學習中心。

Here men first figured out the size of the world and the number of stars in the sky.

在這裡，人們第一次弄清了世界的大小和天空中星星的數量。

Unfortunately, the library of alexandria has been lost to time as it was likely destroyed during the Palm Marine invasion of Egypt in 2 70.

不幸的是，亞歷山大圖書館已經被時間所湮沒，因為它很可能在2 70年棕櫚海入侵埃及的時候被毀。

But we have since found the next best thing, it's daughter library, the syrupy um This greek temple was also located in alexandria and stored various collections in documents belonging to the library.

但我們後來發現了下一個最好的東西，它的女兒圖書館，糖漿嗯這個希臘神廟也位於亞歷山大，在屬於圖書館的文件中儲存了各種藏品。

The syrupy in closed in 3 25 and it was destroyed in 3 91.

糖漿在3月25日關閉，它在3月91日被摧毀。

The only thing remaining was pompey's pillar, an 88 ft tall column that is still standing today.

唯一剩下的是龐貝的柱子，一根88英尺高的柱子，至今仍然矗立。

It was at the base of this column.

它就在這根柱子的底部。

That excavations began in 1944 revealing the old foundations of the temple.

挖掘工作於1944年開始，揭示了該寺廟的古老地基。

With it, archaeologists unearthed one of the major sites of knowledge in the ancient world.

通過它，考古學家們發掘了古代世界的主要知識場所之一。

Number eight.

八號。

Gobekli Tepe archaeologists estimate that it would have taken a team of 50 men an entire week to move just one of the monolithic pillars from the limestone quarry to the top of the hill where they stand today.

Gobekli Tepe考古學家估計，一個由50人組成的團隊需要花整整一個星期的時間，才能將其中一塊巨石柱從石灰石採石場搬到今天的山頂上。

We know that Gobekli Tepe is a monumental archaeological discovery proving one of humanity's oldest pieces of architecture.

我們知道，戈比克利特佩是一個不朽的考古發現，證明了人類最古老的建築之一。

We just don't really know what it is.

我們只是沒有真正知道它是什麼。

Gobekli Tepe is a massive site in Southeast Turkey, dating back to 9500 Bc.

Gobekli Tepe是位於土耳其東南部的一個大型遺址，可以追溯到公元前9500年。

The area was first discovered in 1963 but it wasn't excavated until the mid 19 nineties.

該地區最早於1963年被發現，但直到19世紀90年代中期才被挖掘出來。

These excavations were started by archaeologist Klaus Schmidt who believed that Gobekli Tepe was a communal sanctuary used by nearby hunter gatherers.

這些發掘工作是由考古學家克勞斯-施密特開始的，他認為戈貝克利特佩是附近狩獵採集者使用的公共聖地。

However, this interpretation has been challenged in recent years, huge importance has been placed on its age as this was around the time that humanity transition from hunter gatherers to more permanent agricultural societies.

然而，這種解釋在最近幾年受到了挑戰，人們對它的年齡給予了極大的重視，因為這大約是人類從狩獵採集者過渡到更永久的農業社會的時候。

Did.

做了。

Gobekli Tepe play a role in that transition inevitably in archaeology.

Gobekli Tepe在考古學中不可避免地在這一轉變中發揮了作用。

If we don't know what something is for, we think of ritual, but really it's pure speculation.

如果我們不知道某樣東西是用來做什麼的，我們就會想到儀式，但實際上這純粹是猜測。

Number seven Sutton, who the degree of detail in that face mask, the garnets that pick out the eyebrows, the little sort of toothbrush.

七號薩頓，那張臉面具的細節程度，挑出眉毛的石榴石，小牙刷的那種。

I mean all this stuff is quite extraordinary.

我的意思是，所有這些東西都是相當不尋常的。

Back in 1926 Colonel frank pretty purchased a large mansion on the eastern coast of England near the port town of Woodridge.

早在1926年，弗蘭克-普利特上校在英格蘭東部海岸靠近伍德里奇港口鎮的地方購買了一座大豪宅。

The surrounding land was dotted by many large mounds.

周圍的土地上點綴著許多大土丘。

When Pretty died in 1934 his widow Edith decided to have the mounds excavated.

1934年Pretty去世後，他的遺孀Edith決定對這些土丘進行挖掘。

They revealed a highly important piece of anglo Saxon history.

他們揭示了英國撒克遜人的一段非常重要的歷史。

Brown has just shown me a Moravian temp system now called Sutton hoo.

布朗剛剛給我看了一個摩拉維亞的溫度系統，現在叫薩頓呼。

The area consists of two early medieval cemeteries and an important ship burial found within was a wealth of rich and luxurious artifacts including the Sutton hoo helmet.

該地區由兩個早期中世紀的墓地和一個重要的船葬組成，在裡面發現了大量豐富而奢華的文物，包括薩頓胡頭盔。

It is believed that the recipient of the ship burial was king raid who ruled East Anglia from 5 99 to 6 24 to this day.

據信，接受船葬的人是在599年至624年統治東安格利亞至今的國王雷德。

Sutton who is enormously important in studying Anglo Saxon culture and the history of East Anglia Charles phillips who was then at Cambridge University, heard about it and he came out to look And then was absolutely gobsmacked to use a modern phrase to see this huge excavation of this massive ship.

薩頓在研究盎格魯撒克遜文化和東安格利亞歷史方面非常重要，當時在劍橋大學的查爾斯-菲利普斯聽說了這件事，他出來看了看，然後用一句現代的話來說，看到這艘巨大的發掘物，絕對是目瞪口呆。

# six.

# 六。

There are no written clues in the city, no carvings to suggest a purpose.

這座城市沒有任何書面線索，沒有任何雕刻表明其目的。

This inca citadel looks like something from a fairytale situated on top of an almost 8000 ft tall mountain.

這座印加人的城堡看起來就像童話故事裡的東西，位於近8000英尺高的山頂上。

The area is populated by dry stone walls, small buildings and temples found in southern Peru Machu Picchu was occupied for about 100 years between the 15th and 16th centuries.

該地區有乾燥的石牆、小建築和在祕魯南部發現的寺廟，馬丘比丘在15和16世紀之間被佔領了約100年。

Modern study indicates that the citadel was made for pacha kuti, the ninth monarch of the Inca empire.

現代研究表明，該城堡是為印加帝國的第九位君主帕查-庫蒂（pacha kuti）而建。

Unfortunately not much is known about the site itself as the inca did not have a written language and therefore did not leave behind any clues.

遺憾的是，由於印加人沒有書面語言，是以沒有留下任何線索，所以對該遺址本身瞭解不多。

Machu Picchu was abandoned owing to the spanish conquest and nature slowly reclaimed its spot.

馬丘比丘由於西班牙的征服而被遺棄，大自然慢慢收回了它的位置。

However, it was eventually rediscovered by explorer Hiram Bingham who began excavations in 1912.

然而，它最終被探險家Hiram Bingham重新發現，他於1912年開始挖掘。

Still, if this place played such a critical role in demonstrating the religious and military power of the inca.

不過，如果這個地方在展示印加人的宗教和軍事力量方面發揮瞭如此關鍵的作用。

Why didn't the spanish deface it?

西班牙人為什麼不汙損它？

Number five, the dead sea scrolls.

第五，死海古卷。

These ancient texts are so fragile that only four highly trained researchers from the Israel Antiquities Authority are allowed actually to handle them.

這些古籍非常脆弱，只有以色列文物局的四名訓練有素的研究人員被允許實際處理它們。

It's amazing to think about what's hidden away in random caves.

想想看，在隨機的洞穴中隱藏著什麼，真是令人驚訝。

If it's not the oldest art in human history, it's old bits of parchment that completely redefine a religion.

如果這不是人類歷史上最古老的藝術，那就是完全重新定義一種宗教的古老羊皮紙碎片。

Back in the mid 19 forties, three local men were walking through a cave near the Dead Sea when they came across some scrolls housed in old jars.

早在1940年中期，三個當地人在死海附近的一個山洞裡散步時，發現了一些裝在舊罐子裡的卷軸。

These, among other future finds are now known as the Dead Sea scrolls dated from the third century B.

這些以及其他未來的發現現在被稱為死海古卷，日期為公元前三世紀。

C.

C.

E.

E.

To the first century ce.

至公元一世紀。

The scrolls contain important pieces of religious scripture and are largely written in Hebrew included are ancient manuscripts of the Hebrew bible and various religious books that were never canonized, including the apocalyptic Book of Enoch.

這些卷軸包含重要的宗教經文，主要以希伯來語書寫，其中包括希伯來語聖經的古老手稿和各種從未被正典的宗教書籍，包括世界末日的以諾書。

This is the only copy that contains all of the 10 Commandments.

這是唯一包含所有10條誡命的副本。

Oh my good.

哦，我的好。

So this is, is this the oldest record of the oldest record of the 10 commandments?

那麼這是，這是十條戒律的最古老的記錄嗎？

Number four Mohenjo Daro, archaeologists believe that over 35,000 people once occupied the city.

排名第四的摩亨佐-達羅，考古學家認為超過35,000人曾經佔領過這座城市。

This name is Cindy for mound of dead men, which sounds a lot scarier than it actually is found in Pakistan Mohenjo Daro was an ancient city belonging to the Indus Valley civilization, which was the most widespread of the early near east societies, it was erected sometime around 2500 Bc and was home to approximately 40,000 people.

這個名字是辛迪語，意為死人堆，聽起來比實際在巴基斯坦發現的莫亨佐達羅要可怕得多，它是屬於印度河流域文明的一座古城，是早期近東社會中最廣泛的文明，它在公元前2500年左右的某個時候建立起來，大約有4萬人居住。

The city prospered for a number of centuries but was eventually abandoned somewhere between 1917 100 B.

這座城市繁榮了幾個世紀，但最終在公元前1917年至公元前100年之間被遺棄。

C.

C.

E.

E.

The city remained lost to time until 1919 when it was rediscovered by archaeologists.

這座城市一直被時間遺忘，直到1919年才被考古學家重新發現。

Rd Banerjee.

路-班納吉。

An ancient city lost in the desert of Pakistan.

迷失在巴基斯坦沙漠中的一座古城。

Sounds like something out of indiana jones and it is undeniably one of the 20th century's greatest archaeological discoveries.

聽起來像是《印第安納瓊斯》中的內容，不可否認，它是20世紀最偉大的考古發現之一。

Number three King Tut's tomb.

三號圖特國王墓。

It takes eight men to lift its lid to reveal the most incredible sight of all every archaeologist dreams of making the next great discovery british man.

每位考古學家都夢想著能有下一個偉大的發現，英國人需要八個人揭開它的蓋子，露出最不可思議的景象。

Howard carter made that discovery in november of 1922.

霍華德-卡特在1922年11月做出了這個發現。

After years of failure and dejection carter discovered the tomb after his waterboy quite literally tripped over the stairs.

經過多年的失敗和沮喪，卡特在他的茶水男孩被樓梯絆倒後發現了這座墳墓。

Tutankhamen ruled during the eight 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.

圖坦卡門在古埃及的第18王朝中統治。

His reign spanning from 13 32 to 13 23 B.

他的統治期從公元前1332年到1323年。

C.

C.

E.

E.

While his tomb is both small and modest.

雖然他的墳墓既小又簡陋。

It contained a wealth of amazing artifacts and these fines made it a phenomenon included in the tomb where many elaborate and well preserved burial goods, Tutankhamen's mummy and his famous gold man.

它包含了大量驚人的文物，這些罰款使它成為一種現象，包括在墓中許多精心製作和保存完好的陪葬品，圖坦卡門的木乃伊和他著名的金人。

The tomb of King Tut makes for one of the greatest archaeological finds of all time, let alone the 20th century.

圖特王墓是有史以來最偉大的考古發現之一，更不用說20世紀了。

The discovery was used as a reassertion of the Egyptian identity and a proof of us being the descendants of the ancient Egyptians, which means that we're not supposed to be ruled by any foreigners to the terracotta army like the dead sea scrolls.

這一發現被用作對埃及身份的重申，證明我們是古埃及人的後裔，這意味著我們不應該像死海卷軸那樣被任何外國人統治的兵馬俑。

The terracotta army of china was discovered completely by accident by non archaeologists in 1970 for a group of small farmers was digging wells in xi'an china when they made the startling discovery and what an amazing discovery.

中國兵馬俑的發現完全是由非考古學家在1970年偶然發現的，當時一群小農在中國西安挖井，他們有了這個驚人的發現。

It turned out to be.

結果是。

Hundreds of terracotta soldiers, horses and chariots stand still in time forever protecting the first emperor of china Qin shi huang.

數以百計的兵馬俑和戰車在時間中靜止不動，永遠保護著中國第一個皇帝秦始皇。

The army dates to approximately 2 10 Bc, which is when qin shi huang died at the age of 49.

這支軍隊可以追溯到大約公元前210年，也就是秦始皇去世的時候，時年49歲。

The high level of detail the work that was involved in making the clay army.

在製作粘土軍隊的過程中所涉及的高水平的細節工作。

The fact that it was so well preserved.

事實上，它被保存得如此之好。

It's all astounding to consider and it is truly a sight to behold.

這一切都讓人震驚，考慮到這一點，確實讓人眼前一亮。

Look at the scale of this place tells you a lot about the guy, his ego.

看看這個地方的規模就知道了這個人的很多情況，他的自負。

Before we continue, be sure to subscribe to our channel and ring the bell to get notified about our latest videos.

在我們繼續之前，請務必訂閱我們的頻道並按鈴，以獲得我們最新的視頻通知。

You have the option to be notified for occasional videos or all of them.

你可以選擇偶爾的視頻或所有的視頻都得到通知。

If you're on your phone, make sure you go into settings and switch on your notifications.

如果你在手機上，確保你進入設置並打開你的通知。

Number one lucy foot bones.

一號露西腳骨。

Hand bones, we've got to complete skulls.

手骨，我們必須要完成頭骨。

We've got lots of limb bones.

我們有很多的肢體骨骼。

We've got vertebra ribs.

我們已經有了椎體肋骨。

Just about representing just about every bone in the body.

幾乎代表了身體中的每一塊骨頭。

The 20th century was an enormously important time for paleo anthropology.

20世紀對古人類學來說是一個極為重要的時期。

It saw the discovery of Olduvai Gorge, an area in Tanzania that has provide, I did great insight into human evolution through its many ancient finds.

它見證了奧杜威峽谷的發現，這個位於坦尚尼亞的地區通過其許多古老的發現為人類進化提供了巨大的洞察力。

And in 1974, Lucy was discovered in Ethiopia named after the Beatles Lucy in the sky with diamonds.

而在1974年，在衣索匹亞發現了以披頭士樂隊的《天空中的鑽石》命名的露西。

Lucy is a collection of bones that are over three million years old.

露西是一個超過300萬年曆史的骨骼集合。

These bones comprised nearly half of a female australopithecus, which was an early relative of humans.

這些骨頭幾乎包含了一隻雌性澳洲人的一半，澳洲人是人類的早期親戚。

She's a different speed.

她是一個不同的速度。

She's not us, but to provide an emotional connection with her in her death.

她不是我們，而是為了在她的死亡中提供與她的情感聯繫。

So that in her death that death brought her to life, lucy has been invaluable in the study of this species and human evolution.

是以，在她的死亡中，死亡使她重獲新生，露西在研究這個物種和人類進化方面一直是無價之寶。

In general, for example, lucy shows us that we walked on two ft before our brains grew larger fines don't get much more important than this.

一般來說，例如，露西告訴我們，在我們的大腦變大之前，我們用兩隻腳走路，沒有比這更重要的了。

I think in many ways she looked like the ape that stood up.

我認為在許多方面，她看起來像站起來的猿猴。

You know, like the ape that stood up.

你知道，就像那隻站起來的猿猴。

Did you enjoy this video?

你喜歡這個視頻嗎？