The american Psychology Association defines trauma as any experience that results in significant fear, helplessness, confusion or other disruptive feelings.

美國心理學協會將創傷定義為任何導致嚴重恐懼、無助、混亂或其他破壞性感覺的經歷。

These feelings are so intense that they can have long lasting negative effect on a person's mental health and attitude.

這些感覺是如此強烈，以至於它們可以對一個人的心理健康和態度產生長期的負面影響。

Here are a few experiences that can generate trauma.

以下是一些可能產生創傷的經歷。

Number one lack of emotional attachment.

第一，缺乏情感依戀。

Do you struggle with forming healthy relationships?

你是否為形成健康的關係而掙扎？

This has its roots in an inconsistent emotional connection with your primary caregiver, emotional or physical neglect during the early stages of life can cause trauma for the child emotional attachment as part of a child's primary motivational system, The same system that includes hunger when the emotional needs of a child remain unfulfilled, It morphs into trauma, hindering healthy growth and development for the child.

這根源於與主要照顧者不一致的情感聯繫，在生命的早期階段，情感或身體的忽視會給孩子造成創傷情感依戀是孩子主要動機系統的一部分，同樣的系統包括飢餓，當孩子的情感需求仍未得到滿足，它就會演變成創傷，阻礙孩子的健康成長和發展。

Number two, personal loss, sudden loss can be overwhelming and may cause one to feel as if their entire world has changed overnight.

第二，個人的損失，突如其來的損失會讓人不知所措，可能會讓人覺得好像他們的整個世界在一夜之間改變。

Losing a loved one can be incredibly traumatic.

失去親人可能是令人難以置信的創傷。

Pence, grief and trauma can overlap.

彭斯，悲痛和創傷可以重疊。

It may be difficult to process emotions such as bewilderment, confusion or despair.

可能難以處理諸如困惑、迷茫或絕望的情緒。

Grief often causes anxiety and confusion, circumstances that you once knew suddenly change.

悲傷往往會引起焦慮和混亂，你曾經熟悉的環境突然改變。

There is no fixed timeframe for getting over the death of a loved one.

擺脫所愛之人的死亡並沒有固定的時間框架。

At times it may seem easier to remain in denial.

有時，保持否認似乎更容易。

This can prolong the ache even more.

這可能會更加延長疼痛的時間。

Such emotions when suppressed for a long time can further lead to trauma.

這種情緒如果長期被壓制，會進一步導致創傷。

Number three, dysfunctional families.

第三，功能紊亂的家庭。

One cannot choose the family that they're born into and no family is perfect, but some families are more toxic than others In a dysfunctional family comes apathy, neglect and even abuse these adverse family dynamics can cause drama.

一個人無法選擇他們出生的家庭，沒有一個家庭是完美的，但有些家庭比其他家庭更有毒 在一個不正常的家庭中，會出現冷漠、忽視甚至虐待這些不利的家庭動態，會造成戲劇性的後果。

The vulnerable members feel unsafe as there are a lot of rules and little unconditional love.

弱勢成員感到不安全，因為有很多規則，很少有無條件的愛。

Dysfunctional families usually resort to tactics such as gas lighting to divide members into groups.

功能失調的家庭通常會採取諸如點燃煤氣等手段，將成員抽成若干小組。

This can make the isolated member feel insecure and anxious and prolonged feelings of anxiety and insecurity can cause trauma.

這可能使被孤立的成員感到不安全和焦慮，長期的焦慮和不安全感會造成創傷。

Number four chronic stress.

第四種是慢性壓力。

Do you always feel on edge?

你是否總是感到惶恐不安？

Is it difficult for you to let your guard down?

對你來說，放鬆警惕是否很困難？

Chronic stress can cause trauma as well when you're stressed, your body is in a constant state of fight or flight.

慢性壓力也會造成創傷，當你有壓力時，你的身體就會不斷處於戰鬥或逃跑的狀態。

This can cause you to feel insecure in your surroundings.

這可能導致你在周圍環境中感到不安全。

There are many different factors that can cause chronic stress, work relationships.

有許多不同的因素可以導致慢性壓力，工作關係。

Family repressed emotions can also cause emotional stress.

家庭壓抑的情緒也會造成情緒壓力。

It's a psychological strain and uneasiness caused by perceived situations of danger, threat or personal loss.

這是一種由感知到的危險、威脅或個人損失的情況引起的心理壓力和不安。

Long time periods spent under constant duress can lead to the development of trauma.

長時間在持續的脅迫下度過，可能導致創傷的形成。

As an end result.

作為一個最終結果。

Number five racism, acts of racism and still fear and anxiety and those who experience them directly or even witness them.

第五號種族主義，種族主義行為，仍然是恐懼和焦慮，以及那些直接經歷或甚至目睹這些行為的人。

Racism affects many groups across different intersections of identity, experiencing such distressing events repeatedly can lead to prolonged hypervigilance and various forms of trauma.

種族主義影響了許多不同身份交叉點的群體，反覆經歷這種痛苦的事件會導致長期的過度警惕和各種形式的創傷。

Number six financial insecurity, racism and financial insecurity are intrinsically linked, poverty presents the lack of stability, which can lead to hypervigilance, chronic stress and anxiety and eventually leads to trauma.

第六個是財務不安全，種族主義和財務不安全是有內在聯繫的，貧窮呈現出缺乏穩定性，這可能導致過度警惕、長期壓力和焦慮，最終導致創傷。

The chronic stress caused by traumatic events like not having a stable place to live, being neglected or not having enough food is toxic and detrimental to one's health.

由創傷性事件引起的慢性壓力，如沒有穩定的住處、被忽視或沒有足夠的食物，是有毒的，對人的健康有害。

And number seven, medical malpractice or negligence.

第七，醫療事故或過失。

Medical malpractice encompasses a misdiagnosis or an incorrect medical treatment when you receive an incorrect diagnosis or if medical malpractice worsens the condition further, it can cause high levels of stress.

醫療事故包括誤診或不正確的醫療，當你收到不正確的診斷，或者如果醫療事故使病情進一步惡化，會造成高度的壓力。

If the misunderstanding is not cleared earlier or if the issue is prolonged, it can trigger feelings of deep trauma in the patients as well as those around them, trauma is a part of life, but there are ways to manage it with the right support system and the willingness to heal You can live a healthier life If you found this video helpful, be sure to hit the like button and share it with others too.

如果誤解沒有早點消除，或者問題長期存在，就會引發患者以及周圍人的深度創傷感，創傷是生活的一部分，但有辦法通過正確的支持系統和治癒的意願來處理它 你可以過上更健康的生活 如果你覺得這個視頻有幫助，一定要點擊喜歡按鈕，也與其他人分享。

Don't forget to subscribe to like to go and hit the notification bell for more new videos.

不要忘記訂閱喜歡去，並點擊通知鈴以獲得更多的新視頻。

Thanks so much for watching and see you in the next one.

非常感謝您的收看，下期節目再見。