Name: 我們今天所處的法律體系 (The Legal Systems We Live In Today)
Uploaded: 2022-12-26T18:40:18.000Z
Duration: 4 min 55 s

情態副詞

Imagine you are walking down the street to do some shopping and suddenly a roof tile

想象一下，你正走在街上購物，突然有一塊屋頂瓦片

you ask yourself and you go inside the department store from which the tile fell off to complain.

你問自己，然後你走進瓷磚掉落的百貨公司去投訴。

The owner of the department store shows little interest in your misfortune and says that

百貨公司的老闆對你的不幸沒有表現出興趣，他說

Of course, you also have no idea how exactly the tile landed on your head – but because

當然，你也不知道瓦片到底是怎麼落到你頭上的--但因為

you have a concussion, you go to a lawyer and sue in court.

你有腦震盪，你去找律師並在法庭上起訴。

What happens next depends on whether the incident happened in a country that practices Civil

接下來會發生什麼，取決於事件是否發生在一個實行民法的國家。

Do you know which of the two is practiced where you live?

你知道你居住的地方實行的是哪一種嗎？

Let's say the whole thing happens to you in Germany, which belongs to the Continental

比方說，整個事情發生在屬於大陸的德國。

European Legal System, where Civil Law applies.

She is looking for a legal provision that fits your case.

她正在尋找適合你的案件的法律規定。

In the German Civil Code, article 838, she will find the general rule that a building

在《德國民法典》第838條中，她會發現這樣的一般規則：建築物

user has to maintain the structure and is responsible for the damage caused if parts

用戶必須對結構進行維護，並在部件損壞時負責賠償。

She checks if the defendant really is the user of the building, if he has to maintain

她檢查被告是否真的是建築物的使用者，他是否需要維護

the building by law, and whether he had negligently failed to do so.

If all those legal elements are fulfilled, the department store operator is liable, and

如果所有這些法律要素都得到滿足，百貨公司的經營者就有責任，而且

you, as the plaintiff who instituted the legal proceedings, will receive compensation for

你，作為提起法律訴訟的原告，將獲得以下賠償

If you had taken your walk in the United States, which belongs to the Anglo-American Legal

如果你在屬於英美法系的美國走了一遭

System, the Common Law, the judge would proceed differently.

在普通法體系中，法官會採取不同的做法。

In the US, the judge would instead look for a comparable case – such as the English

在美國，法官會尋找一個可比較的案例--比如英國的

case of Byrne v. Boadle from 1863, in which pretty much the same thing had happened to

在1863年的Byrne v. Boadle案中，幾乎發生了同樣的事情。

a poor passerby, only it had not been a loose brick, but rather a barrel stored in the building.

一個可憐的路人，只是它不是一塊鬆動的磚頭，而是存放在建築物裡的一個桶。

In this case, the court held the department store owner responsible, even though the plaintiff

在本案中，法院認為百貨公司老闆有責任，儘管原告

could not prove negligence on the part of the defendant.

So what are the differences between Civil Law and Common Law?

那麼，民法和普通法之間有什麼區別？

The legal systems are differentiated primarily on the basis of their way of thinking!

法律體系的區分主要是基於其思維方式的不同!

The Civil Law System is characterized by thinking on the basis of general and abstract legal

民法體系的特點是以一般和抽象的法律為基礎進行思考。

provisions, most of which are laid down in codifications - such as the Civil Code in

這些規定大多是在法典中規定的--如《民法典》。

Germany.The judge works deductively by applying the general rule to the concrete case - a

德國。法官通過將一般規則應用於具體案件進行演繹工作--一個

The Common Law System is characterized by similar cases that happened in the past.

普通法體系的特點是過去發生的類似案件。

The so-called doctrine of stare decisis, Latin for “to stand by things decided”, binds

所謂的Stare decisis原則，在拉丁語中是指 "堅持已決定的事情"，它具有約束力。

judges to precedents — cases that happened in the past.

法官對先例--過去發生的案件--的看法。

That is why the judge works on a case-by-case basis and compares them with one another.If

這就是為什麼法官要在個案的基礎上工作，並將它們相互比較。

the judge wants to deviate from a previous decision, the so-called “Distinguishing”

法官想偏離以前的判決，即所謂的 "區別對待"。

is used to determine the differences between the case at hand and the precedent.

是用來確定手頭的案件與先例之間的差異。

In summary, to determine wrongdoing and compensation, the civil law system relies on the code of

總之，為了確定不法行為和賠償，民法體系依靠的是《刑法典》。

law interpreted by judges, while the common law system relies on similar cases from the

解釋的法律，而英美法系則是依靠類似的案例，由法官進行解釋。

Share your thoughts in the comments below and tell us what type of law is practiced

在下面的評論中分享你的想法，並告訴我們從事的是哪種類型的法律

If you like how we explain complicated ideas in simple cartoon animation, you can support

如果你喜歡我們用簡單的卡通動畫解釋複雜的想法，你可以支持

Take a look, learn how it works, and what's in it for you.

看一看，瞭解它是如何工作的，以及它對你有什麼好處。

If you are an educator, check our website sproutsschools.com There you can find this

如果你是一名教育工作者，請查看我們的網站sproutsschools.com，在那裡你可以找到以下內容

and other video lessons, plus additional resources, and classroom activities.

和其他視頻課程，加上額外的資源，以及課堂活動。

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我們今天所處的法律體系 (The Legal Systems We Live In Today)

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