Welcome to WatchMojo.com,

歡迎來到WatchMojo.com

and today we'll be learning more about the history of IBM.

在今天，我們將會學習到更多關於IBM的歷史

Before changing its name to IBM,

在更名為IBM以前

the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation was incorporated on June 16th, 1911.

計算列表紀錄公司（CTR）於1911年6月16日上市

CTR's products were quite varied, but they all increased business efficiency.

CTR的產品涵蓋甚廣，但主要為增加企業效率而設

Just a few years after that company was officially formed,

在公司正式成立的數年後

Thomas J. Watson, Sr. became president,

由大托馬斯‧J‧華生出任總裁的職務

and within four years he doubled the company's profits.

在短短四年內，便將公司的營業額翻升至四倍

Watson's appointment also resulted in a shift in policies at the company.

任命華生後同時也改變企業的營運方針

In fact, IBM is credited with a number of changes that have indelibly influenced the American workforce.

IBM的數個新政策，甚至替美國的勞動結構留下深遠的影響

It was among the first companies to hire disabled workers,

它是早期第一個聘僱身心障礙者為員工

and it created an employee training program early on.

和開設員工訓練方案的公司

IBM also instituted the 40-hour work week,

IBM也確立了一週的工時為四十小時

and introduced group life insurance to its workers.

為職員引介團體人壽保險

It was also early in its acceptance of equal opportunity employment.

並且率先確保公平就業機會

Eventually, on February 14th, 1924,

最終在1924年的2月14日

CTR's name was officially changed to International Business Machines Corporation, or IBM.

CTR正式更名成國際商業機器股份有限公司，簡稱為IBM

In the company's early days, it achieved success for perfecting punched card technology,

IBM在營運初期便成功地研發改善打孔卡技術

as well as a number of other innovations.

以及達成諸多的創舉

IBM and Watson remained bullish throughout the Great Depression.

經濟大蕭條中，IBM跟華生依然對前景保持樂觀

In 1935, that gamble paid off when the company was awarded what was called

他的賭注終究在1935年獲得回報，公司受惠於

the biggest accounting operation of all time by the U.S. government

美國政府有史以來最大的會計作業

when it passed the Social Security Act.

當社會安全法案通過之後

IBM was then put in charge of tracking employment records for 26 million American workers.

接著，IBM著手替2600萬位美國員工追蹤建檔

The company expanded significantly through the 1940s,

公司的規模在40年代有著顯著的成長

and during that period made strides to enter the large-scale computing industry.

並一舉進軍大型計算機產業

IBM began the 1950s strong, and during that decade they began producing

IBM在50年代初期便挾帶絕佳的優勢，開始生產

some of the world's most popular business and scientific computers.

幾款世上最暢銷的企業與科學用電腦

For example, in 1952 the IBM 701 business computer was introduced to the public.

例如在1952年時，便推出了IBM701商用電腦

By 1956, they had also revolutionized data storage by launching the world's first magnetic hard disc.

他們於1956時藉由首創磁性硬碟，為數據儲存帶來革命性的突破

This machine was the size of two refrigerators, and cost roughly ten thousand dollars per megabyte.

機器的尺寸有兩台冰箱大，而每MB的容量就要耗費約莫一萬美元

Amid these great strides, the company lost one of its founding fathers:

在大步向前的過程中，公司卻也痛失其中一位創辦人：

Thomas J. Watson, Sr. passed away on June 19th, 1956.

大托馬斯‧J‧華生過世於1956年的6月19日

Control of the company was then passed to his son, Thomas J. Watson, Jr.

公司的經營權接著交付給他的兒子，小托馬斯‧J‧華生

Moving into the '60s, IBM introduced its award-winning Selectric line of typewriters,

IBM獲獎的Selectric打字機亦在邁入60年代前問世

and this model went on to dominate the American typewriter market.

而這項產品曾持續橫掃美國的打字機市場

Just three years later, in 1964 the Selectric typewriter became a pioneer

1964年時，僅三年內Selectric打字機就奠定了其領導地位

in word processing by allowing typists to revise stored text.

文書處理的過程中，使用者得以修改已儲存的文檔

The company transformed the industry again that year by announcing the IBM System/360.

IBM藉由System/360，再次於當年將產業重新洗牌

This family of computers was the first modern mainframe computer system.

這個設計是第一款現代化的大型計算機系統

By the end of the decade,

在60年代末

IBM had also proved itself an important ally of NASA and the space program,

IBM已證明自己能助力於美國太空總署與太空計畫

and was instrumental in putting a man on the moon.

並且協助實現載人登月飛行

IBM also began changing the face of retail.

IBM也開始改變零售策略

In 1969, they introduced the magnetic strips found on credit cards

他們在1969年推出運用在信用卡上的磁條

and within two years, this became the standard across the world.

在兩年以內，便已經通行全球

They further influenced retail by perfecting the technology that allowed stores to read UPC codes.

藉由完善通用產品代碼的使用設計，他們進一步地影響了營銷市場

IBM introduced a magnetic storage system called the floppy disc in 1971.

IBM在1971年時發布名叫軟碟的磁性儲存系統

Ten years later the company announced the IBM Personal Computer,

十年後推出IBM個人電腦

and this caused another revolution in the business world.

並且為企業界掀起了另一波浪潮

In fact, in 1982 Time magazine named the personal computer the 'Person of the Year.'

事實上，時代雜誌在1982年時將個人電腦列為「年度風雲人物」

IBM went through some tough times through the late '80s and into the '90s

IBM挺過了慘淡的80年代後期，並接著邁入90年代

due to changing trends in business computing.

只因瞬息萬變的商用運算趨勢

However, one positive event during this period was the invention of Deep Blue.

但深藍的發明為這個時期帶來一絲希望

This supercomputer defeated the world champion chess player,

這台超級電腦擊敗了西洋棋的世界冠軍

and foreshadowed another triumph for the company.

同時也再一次地宣示電腦取得的重大勝利

In 2011, another IBM supercomputer competed on the trivia-game show Jeopardy!

2011年，另一台IBM超級電腦在名為危險邊緣的益智秀中同台競技

against two human champions.

對抗兩位人類衛冕者

The appropriately named Watson computer was able to process questions asked in natural language,

這台取名別具巧思的「華生」電腦，能夠處理以自然語言詢問的題目

and used its huge database of knowledge to win the game.

並且使用內建的龐大資料庫來在遊戲裡取勝

Following this impressive showing, experiments placed Watson in a medical environment

在節目中隆重登場之後，實驗者把華生放置在醫療環境中測試

with the potential to answer doctors' questions about medicines, diseases and diagnoses.

確認其是否能夠正確回答醫生們針對藥物、疾病與症狀提出的問題

IBM continues to advance the computer industry,

IBM連霸其電腦產業龍頭的角色

and will surely contribute a number of valuable discoveries over its next hundred years.

而在下一個世紀，也必定能帶來更多可貴的貢獻

Subtitles by the Amara.org community

由 Amara.org 社群提供的字幕