Let's take a look at the homework. It says fix my five sentences. 

讓我們看一下作業。它說要修改我的五句話。

I have five sentences here. What's the problem? 

我這裡有五句話。有什麼問題？

They're missing a word. What word are they missing? 

他們少了一個詞。他們缺少什麼詞？

They're missing a preposition. 

他們缺少一個介詞。

All right, and you can see the preposition  will come before 'which' in each sentence. 

好的，你可以看到每個句子中的介詞都會出現在 "哪個 "之前。

So you have to fix the prepositional  phrase using 'which' in each sentence. 

所以你必須在每個句子中用'哪個'來固定介詞短語。

This sentence or these sentences are  in the description below this video. 

這句話或這些句子都在這個視頻下面的描述中。

You copy them, you put in the prepositions,  post it in a new comment, I will check it. 

你複製它們，加上介詞，在新的評論中發佈，我會檢查的。

All right that's your homework and some… some  of you are thinking, Robin, how do I know  

好吧，這是你的功課，有些人......有些人在想，羅賓，我怎麼會知道？

which preposition to put before 'which'? Well that's what this lesson is about. 

哪一個介詞要放在'哪個'前面？這就是本課的內容。

I'm going to teach you uh the basics. I'm not going to go into an advanced level. 

我將教你呃基礎知識。我不打算進入高級階段。

We're just going to keep it as basic because  it's a little new a little tricky grammar here. 

我們只是要保持它的基本狀態，因為這裡有一點新的有點棘手的文法。

So I'm just going to go slow and  look at look at it at a basic level. 

所以我只是要慢慢來，從基本層面上看一看。

So that's your homework and I am  going to help you out a little more. 

是以，這就是你的功課，我打算再幫助你一下。

These are the prepositions  you need for your homework. 

這些是你做作業時需要的介詞。

at, in, from, to, of. Now, the order here, and the order here,  

at, in, from, to, of。現在，這裡的順序，和這裡的順序。

it's different, so you've got to figure  out which… which one of these will have at,  

它是不同的，所以你必須弄清楚哪一個... 哪一個會有。

in, from, to, of all. Right, so I'm helping  

in, from, to, of all.對，所以我在幫助

you out with the homework a lot. So it should not be too difficult  

你在外面做了很多作業。所以應該不會太難

to do this homework but you will  learn a lot by doing this homework. 

做這個家庭作業，但你會通過做這個家庭作業學到很多東西。

All right, let's get into the lesson. Now the prepositional phrases using 'which'  

好了，讓我們進入課程。現在，使用 "哪個 "的介詞短語

is… I get a lot of questions from students about  this and so that's why I'm making this video. 

是......我從學生那裡得到很多關於這個的問題，所以這就是我製作這個視頻的原因。

Someone requests… a few  people requested this video  

有人要求......有幾個人要求觀看這個視頻

so I will try to make it as clear as possible  

是以，我將盡可能地使其清晰化

but again this is just a basic, basic video. We're not going to go too much into it. 

但同樣這只是一個基本的、基本的視頻。我們不打算過多地討論它。

So what it says here, you need to  know prepositions and collocation. 

所以這裡說，你需要知道介詞和搭配。

There are many other prepositions that can be  paired with which, under, during, about, over,  

還有許多其他介詞可以與which, under, during, about, over搭配。

etc., so going back here, I gave for the homework. I gave common prepositions. 

等，所以回到這裡，我給的是家庭作業。我給了常見的介詞。

I think everyone knows these  prepositions at, in, from, to, of. 

我想大家都知道這些介詞at, in, from, to, of。

That's why I chose kind of easier  prepositions for the homework. 

這就是為什麼我為家庭作業選擇了一種比較容易的介詞。

But keep in mind, that we can make 'under which',  'during which', 'about which', 'over which'. 

但請記住，我們可以做 "在哪之下"、"在哪期間"、"關於哪"、"在哪之上"。

There's a lot of prepositions we can use before  'which', so it helps to know prepositions. 

在 "哪個 "之前我們可以使用很多介詞，所以瞭解介詞是有幫助的。

If you don't know many prepositions,  you're going to have a difficult time  

如果你不知道很多介詞，你將會有一段困難的時間

using this sentence structure. But again, I think  everyone is familiar with these prepositions. 

使用這種句子結構。但同樣，我想每個人都對這些介詞很熟悉。

The other issue is collocation. Collocation - this is where we get paired. 

另一個問題是搭配。搭配--這就是我們得到搭配的地方。

Collocation means we have a word  that often goes with another word. 

搭配意味著我們有一個經常與另一個詞搭配的詞。

So they're often paired. They go together. 

所以它們經常被搭配在一起。他們走在一起。

So for example, in English, native  speakers will say, “I wash the dishes.” 

是以，例如，在英語中，講母語的人會說，"我洗碗"。

So 'wash dishes' are often  paired. That's collocation. 

所以'洗碗'經常是成對的。這就是搭配。

Native speakers, …I I can say, “I clean the  dishes,” that makes grammatical… grammatical sense  

母語者，......我可以說，"我洗碗"，這在文法上......文法上是合理的

but native speakers usually don't  say 'clean the dishes', we usually  

但母語者通常不會說 "洗碗"，我們通常說

say 'wash the dishes'. That's collocation. 

說'洗碗'。這就是搭配。

So you want to sound like a  native speaker use collocation. 

所以你想聽起來像一個母語者，就使用搭配。

So with the with the sentences, we're going to  talk about in a moment, I'm going to show you  

是以，與與的句子，我們將在一會兒談論，我將告訴你

examples. Collocation is very important. You have to know, oh,  

例子。搭配是非常重要的。你必須知道，哦。

which preposition goes with this word. And let's take a look at the first sentence. 

哪個介詞與這個詞搭配。讓我們看一下第一句。

So I have a sentence here. Let's take a look. 

所以我這裡有一個句子。讓我們看一看。

We were in a dire situation. I have 'dire' here. 

我們當時的情況很糟糕。我這裡有'危急'。

I'm just going to quickly explain that dire means. very very very bad situation. 

我只是要快速解釋一下，嚴峻的意思是。非常非常非常糟糕的情況。

We were in a very bad situation.  = We were in a dire situation. 

我們當時的情況非常糟糕。 = 我們當時的情況非常糟糕。

And if you look at the… the purple  part now, this is the collocation. 

如果你看一下......現在的紫色部分，這就是搭配。

I know when I'm talking about a good situation  or a bad situation I know we're always going to  

我知道當我在談論一個好的情況或一個壞的情況時，我知道我們總是要

use this preposition 'in'. You're “in a situation.” 

使用這個介詞 "在"。你是 "在一種情況下"。

You're not “on a situation.” You're not “at a situation.” 

你不是 "在一個情況下"。你不是 "在一個情況下"。

I know it's always going to be in a situation. So with that knowledge, I can create this  

我知道它總是會出現在某種情況下。是以，有了這些知識，我就可以創造這個

sentence which means the same thing but  we're using our uh prepositional phrase with  

句子的意思是一樣的，但我們使用的是介詞短語。

which, so I know the situation in  which we found ourselves was dire. 

其中，所以我知道我們發現自己所處的情況是可怕的。

All right so I know this preposition will be  'in' because… because of the word situation.

好吧，所以我知道這個介詞將是 "在"，因為......因為這個詞的情況。

Yes, yes, that's how we make the sentence. That's you have to know this collocation to  

是的，是的，這就是我們造句的方法。那就是你必須知道這個搭配才能

know that this preposition is 'in'. Let's look at the next one. 

知道這個介詞是 "在"。讓我們來看看下一個。

He spoke of politics that day. So speak, past tense, spoke. 

他那天談到了政治。所以說，說話，過去式，講了。

Spoke of a topic. This topic is politics. 

談到了一個話題。這個話題就是政治。

Now there are two prepositions we could use,  'spoke of' and the other one is 'spoke about'. 

現在有兩個介詞我們可以使用，'談到'，另一個是'談到'。

You speak about a topic so there's two. I chose 'of'. Why? Because it's my video  

你說的是一個話題，所以有兩個。我選擇了'的'。為什麼？因為這是我的視頻

and you have to follow the… the… the  prepositions I want to work with. 

你必須遵循......那個......我想用的介詞。

He spoke of politics that day. So I know when we have a topic,  

他那天談到了政治。所以我知道當我們有一個話題時。

we're going to 'speak of'. I know the preposition is 'of'. 

我們要'說到'。我知道介詞是'of'。

So when I'm creating the 'which' sentence here,  the topic of which he spoke was politics, so I  

是以，當我在這裡創建 "哪個 "句子時，他談到的話題是政治，所以我

know right away it's 'of'. Can I say, “The topic  

馬上就知道是'的'。我可以說，"這個話題

about which he spoke was politics? Yes, you can. 

他所講的是政治？是的，你可以。

There's two prepositions when you have a  topic so I could say the topic of which,  

當你有一個主題時有兩個介詞，所以我可以說其中的主題。

I could say the topic about which. Both are okay.

我可以說關於哪個的話題。兩者都沒問題。

Where do you speak? Again, 'speak', past tense, spoke. 

你在哪裡說話？同樣，'speak'，過去式，說話。

I spoke at a noisy party. Okay now it's no longer a  

我在一個嘈雜的聚會上發言。好了，現在它不再是一個

topic, uh, we're focusing on the location. Where did you speak at a noisy party and  

話題，呃，我們把重點放在地點上。你在哪裡發言，在一個嘈雜的聚會和

I know in English when we're talking about a  location, we always use the preposition 'at'. 

我知道在英語中，當我們談論一個地點時，我們總是使用介詞 "at"。

Sometimes we use 'in' for inside a building but  or inside a classroom but in this case most…  

有時我們用 "在 "來表示建築物內或教室內，但在這種情況下，大多數...

most locations are gonna be 'in'. I'm losing my voice so I spoke at 

大多數地點都會 "進去"。我正在失去我的聲音，所以我發言時

I spoke at a convention I spoke at a school. I spoke at um  

我在一個會議上發言，我在一所學校發言。我在......發言

the conference or something like that. So I spoke at a noisy party. 

的會議或類似的東西。所以我在一個嘈雜的聚會上發言。

So I know that that preposition is going to go  with the location so the party at which I spoke  

所以我知道這個介詞是要和地點一起的，所以我發言的聚會上

was noisy. I know it's going to be 'at'. 

是嘈雜的。我知道這將是'在'。

We drove to a town 50 kilometers away. drove to drive, past tense, drove. 

我們開車去了50公里外的一個小鎮。 開車去了，過去式，開車去了。

You go to you, move to you,  travel to you, drive to. 

你到你那裡去，搬到你那裡去，到你那裡去旅行，開車去。

I know it's the preposition 'to'. We drove to a town 50 kilometers away. 

我知道這是介詞 "to"。我們開車去了50公里外的一個小鎮。

The town to which we drove was 50 kilometers away. I know it's gonna be 'to' because we 'drive to'. 

我們開車去的鎮子有50公里遠。我知道會是'到'，因為我們'開到'。

And the last example here. A little more difficult. 

還有這裡的最後一個例子。更難一點。

We broke free from the tight chains. So you gotta imagine chains or rope  

我們掙脫了緊緊的鎖鏈。所以你得想象鐵鏈或繩子

tying you together. And you're trapped. 

把你們綁在一起。而你被困住了。

And then in English, we say you break free the  tight chains, um, so I know that… that's the com  

然後在英語中，我們說你掙脫了緊緊的鎖鏈，嗯，所以我知道......這就是com

the preposition here is going to be 'from'. We break free from. 

這裡的介詞將是 "從"。我們掙脫了。

Uh, you, we could break maybe I'm working  a nine to five job and I'm very sad,  

呃，你，我們可以打破也許我在做一份朝九晚五的工作，我非常難過。

I can break free from that lifestyle, but it's  always 'break free from', so I know it's 'from'. 

我可以從那種生活方式中掙脫出來，但總是'掙脫'，所以我知道是'從'。

So the chains from which  we broke free we're tight.

所以我們掙脫的枷鎖是緊緊的。

All right. So  

好的。那麼

I'm going to talk about commas now. Here, I like commas you know from other videos. 

我現在要談的是逗號。在這裡，我喜歡逗號，你從其他視頻中知道。

So normally I… I… I like to put  commas here and here because 'the  

所以通常我......我......我喜歡在這裡和這裡加逗號，因為 "the

situation was dire' is the main sentence. And we're adding some extra information  

情況很糟糕'是主句。而我們正在添加一些額外的資訊

but with uh phrasal or prepositional  phrases using which no commas. 

但與呃短語或介詞短語使用，沒有逗號。

That's the rule. We don't put commas if you have 'in which'. 

這就是規則。如果你有'在其中'，我們就不加逗號。

No commas. I prefer commas, but the rule  

沒有逗號。我更喜歡逗號，但這個規則

is no commas so I'm going to teach the rule. I'm going to follow the rule - no commas. 

是沒有逗號的，所以我打算教給大家這個規則。我將遵循這個規則--沒有逗號。

If we have, uh, sentences using just  'which', we're going to use commas,  

如果我們有，呃，只使用'哪個'的句子，我們要用逗號。

but this video is not talking about just  'which', we're talking about preposition which  

但這段視頻不是在說 "哪個"，而是在說介詞 "哪個"。

these prepositional phrases - no commas. So each sentence here, I did not put a comma. 

這些介詞短語--沒有逗號。所以這裡的每一句話，我都沒有放逗號。

And you might be thinking, well you know I  understand this sentence Robin and this sentence  

你可能會想，好吧，你知道我理解這個句子，羅賓和這個句子

is a little bit difficult for me to make myself. I understand that as I told you earlier  

對我自己來說有點困難。我明白，正如我之前告訴你的那樣

this is a basic video so the  homework is a little bit easier. 

這是一個基本的視頻，所以功課要簡單一點。

All you have to do with this  homework is add the prepositions. 

你在這個作業中要做的就是添加介詞。

So you got to think about what's  happening, add the prepositions here, and  

所以你要想一想發生了什麼，在這裡加上介詞，然後

post it in the comments below, and I'll check it. All right that's the homework. 

在下面的評論中發表，我將檢查它。好了，這就是家庭作業。

Good luck and I'll see you in the next video. And until then, uh, please do your homework.

祝你們好運，我們在下一個視頻中見。在那之前，呃，請做好你的功課。