Name: 烏俄戰爭：戰爭罪調查的責任歸咎該如何是好？ (Ukraine war: What is the way ahead for war crime investigations? - BBC Newsnight)
Uploaded: 2022-12-19T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 5 min 19 s

More strikes today by Russia on Ukrainian towns.

今日，俄羅斯對烏克蘭城鎮展開了更多攻擊。

It follows recent Kremlin targeting of civilian infrastructure.

克里姆林宮近日將民用基礎設施視為攻擊目標。

程度副詞

American officials have called that a war crime, and it's just part of a panoply of acts that are now being investigated with the idea of prosecuting those responsible.

美國官員稱這是戰爭罪，然而這只是目前正在調查的一系列罪行的一部分，這些調查旨在起訴那些該為此負責的人。

There's been a lot of discussion around war crimes in particular and some around crimes against humanity and even genocide.

近日有許多圍繞著戰爭罪的討論，特別是危害人類罪，甚至種族滅絕罪行的相關討論。

And then, now, more recently discussion around aggression, which is the other international crime, and there are different ways different for prosecution.

也有關於侵略罪，也就是另一種國際犯罪，的議論，此罪有不同的起訴方式。

There's been a lot of attention on the International Criminal Court, which is investigating war crimes and crimes against humanity.

國際刑事法院近日也受到許多關注，因該法院正在調查戰爭罪及危害人類罪。

And now, more recently, attention paid to a possibility of creating a special tribunal to prosecute aggression.

而現在，人們十分關注建立起訴侵略行為特別法庭的可能性。

While Russia stands accused of far more acts that violate the rules of war, it is evident that the Ukrainians have also committed some that require investigation.

雖然俄羅斯被控犯下更多違反戰爭規則的罪行，但烏克蘭人顯然也做出了些需要接受調查的行為。

At least 10 Russians filmed surrendering last month were subsequently revealed to have been killed once defenseless, prompting an investigation, not least because westerners there helping Ukrainian prosecutors insisted upon it.

上個月，至少 10 名俄羅斯人被拍攝到在投降後、手無寸鐵的情況下被殺害，這促使人們進行調查，特別是在協助烏克蘭檢察官的西方人堅持下。

I expect that investigation to be a serious one and I'd also add this, that I do get the sense first and foremost that some very strict instructions have been given to Ukrainian soldiers about not committing crimes.

我希望嚴正調查此事，另外，據我所知，烏克蘭士兵已接收到了嚴正的指示，要求他們不得犯罪。

I think in large part because I think Ukraine wants to keep the support of the international community and do not want to be seen to be on a par with the Russian military and the Kremlin.

我認為很大程度上是因為烏克蘭希望保有國際社會的支持，不希望被與俄羅斯軍隊和克里姆林宮相提並論，

Following the crimes soon after the investigation in Bucha and other parts of northern Ukraine, some junior Russian soldiers were put on trial for murder and other crimes.

在布查和烏克蘭北部其他地區的犯罪調查結束後不久，一些年輕俄羅斯士兵因謀殺和其他罪行接受審判。

Inevitably, these early cases left many matters unsolved, like how those higher up the chain of command could be prosecuted

無可避免的，這些初期案例留下了許多懸而未決的問題，比如該如何審判級別更高的指揮官。

Last week, Olena Zelenska, wife of the Ukrainian leader, came to Westminster to open an exhibition cataloging the human cost of the war and to lobby for precisely that, an international tribunal able to charge those in the Kremlin with plotting and Aggressive war.

上週，烏克蘭第一夫人葉蓮娜·澤連斯卡婭來到西敏市舉辦了一場展覽，記錄戰爭造成的人員傷亡，並遊說成立指控俄羅斯策劃戰爭及侵略的國際法庭。

I would like to address you, Britain, and you ladies and gentlemen, with a request, we need to unite the world community, just as in 1942, to support a special tribunal against the aggression of Russia in Ukraine.

我想向英國和各位女士、先生提出一個請求，我們需要團結國際社會，就像在 1942 年一樣，組織一個特別法庭，反對俄羅斯對烏克蘭的侵略。

The war crimes issue presents politicians with a tricky dilemma.

戰爭罪問題給政治家們帶來了個棘手難題。

Many want to support President Zelensky and, indeed, his wife and feel that being accused of war crimes is no more than Vladimir Putin deserves.

許多人想支持澤倫斯基總統，當然還有他的妻子，並認為被指控犯戰爭罪也不過是普丁應得的。

On the other hand, that might make a peace agreement even harder to achieve, prolong the conflict and so cost many lives.

但另一方面，這可能會使和平協議更難達成、延長戰爭，從而使更多人喪命。

I think what we're likely to see is that the I.C.C. Itself will bring charges against Putin within the next six months or so.

我認為可預見的是，國際刑事法院將在未來六個月左右的時間內對普丁提出指控。

So that problem is also going to arise at the I.C.C.

這個問題將會在國際刑事法院掀起討論。

And I guess what I would say is, well, what we're supposed to on the basis of a speculative possibility that it's going to continue the conflict.

而我想說的是，基於推測的可能性基礎上，這將促使戰爭延續。

We cannot proceed with any justice efforts.

司法對情勢演進不會有太大幫助。

I'm not sure that's palatable, or in any way, a practical way forward or else every dictator, every authoritarian, every perpetrator of crimes will benefit from that presumption that we shouldn't end out them that we shouldn't take action because they may continue doing what they're doing.

我不確定這是否可接受，也不確定這是否是條切實可行的路，否則每個獨裁者、犯罪者都會從我們不該採取行動的假設中受益，並持續犯罪。

Although the Security Council's permanent members, including the US, UK and France, are reluctant to back an international tribunal leveling charges against Russian leaders,

包括美國、英國和法國在內的安理會常任理事國不願支持國際法庭對俄羅斯領導人提出指控，

and the poor chances of getting them in the dock would suggest in absentia trials which involved their own issues.

且將當事人送上被告席的機會渺茫，這就意味著要進行缺席審判，而這就涉及他們自己的問題。

Certainly, at the I.C.C., there wouldn't be absentee trials because they're ruled out in the statute.

當然，在國際刑事法院，不會有缺席審判的情況，因為這被排除在法規之外。

I think in the Ukrainian domestic jurisdiction there is potential to have trials in absentia.

我認為在烏克蘭國內司法管轄區內，是有可能進行缺席審判的。

So that could be a possibility in terms of optics, I think, and the way it's perceived and the impact it could potentially have.

所以，就政治角度、人們對其的看法及潛在影響來看，這是種可能性。

On the one hand, it allows for some sort of record and testimony to be given.

一方面，這起到了記錄和提供證詞的作用。

But on the other hand, if it's been ruled out of the I.C.C. and trials in absentia generally seem to be unfair to the accused.

但另一方面，如果俄國已被國際刑事法庭排除，缺席審判似乎對被告不太公平。

It doesn't look terribly good to to go down that route.

In a recently liberated corner of Kherson district, war crimes investigators today exhumed a man believed to have been murdered by the Russians.

在赫爾松區內最近回歸烏克蘭的區域，戰爭罪調查人員今日將一名據信被俄羅斯人謀殺的男性挖掘出土。

So many individual tragedies, and for now no clear idea how those responsible may be brought to account.

悲劇如此之多，但目前仍不清楚如何究責。