I asked Triangle Bob to design what he thinks humans will look like in the year 2200.

我請三角形鮑勃設計他認為人類在 2200 年會是什麼樣子。

He's been at it for like five hours now, so I'm just gonna see what he's done.

他已經做了五小時了，來看看他做的怎樣了。

For the Love of Animator! What the heck is that?

我的老動畫師啊！那是什麼鬼東西？

Uh I..I mean Wow, Triangle Bob! They look great!

呃... 我是說，哇，三角形鮑勃，看起來很棒欸！

I see it says here that you've also added super mitochondria to make them live longer?

這裡寫說，你還加了超級線粒體，讓它們壽命更長？

Okay, we'll have to explore this further! Cue the intro!

好吧，看來我們得進一步探討這個問題了！進片頭！

Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin!

大家好！歡迎來到《生活金頭腦》！

Turns out Triangle Bob was onto something with his mitochondrial Improvement DLC!

看來三角形鮑勃對數位線粒體改良很有研究！

A super small tweak can have a really huge impact on human evolution.

小小的調整就能對人類進化產生巨大的影響。

Yeah it's a pretty big deal, but to explain it further we need to travel inside the body.

對，這挺事關重大的，要進一步解釋，需要來場體內旅行。

Let's visit your body's power plant, shall we?

讓我們參觀一下身體裡的發電廠吧！

Seat belts everyone! I've always wanted to say that.

繫緊安全帶！我一直想說說看這個。

Oh, wow! Here it is the city of mitotropolis!

哦，哇哦！這就是線粒體之城！

If there's anything you humans remember from biology class, it's that mitochondria is the PowerHouse of the cell, but what does that really mean?

如果你們對生物課內容有點印象，就會知道線粒體是細胞動力來源，但這是什麼意思？

After you digest your food the byproducts make their way into your cells, and eventually into the mitochondria.

在消化食物後，副產品會進入細胞，並最終進入線粒體。

Here, they are broken down and made into a chemical called Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP.

在這裡，它們被分解並被製成一種叫做三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 的化學物質。

This is what your cells use to store and transport the energy they need to function.

這是細胞用來儲存和運輸它們運作所需的能量。

Uh oh! This isn't good! That process created waste products called free radicals!

哦不！看起來不太妙！過程中產生了被稱為自由基的廢物！

These guys can damage important parts of your cells like mitochondrial DNA.

這些傢伙會破壞細胞中重要的部分，如線粒體 DNA。

I mean, look at the mess they're making!

看看他們正在製造的混亂！

Normally, when we talk about DNA, we mean the DNA in your chromosomes, which are located in the cell's nucleus,

通常，我們談論 DNA 時，指的是染色體中的 DNA，它位於細胞的細胞核，

but mitochondria are really unique in that they have a small amount of their own DNA, and I mean a really small amount.

但線粒體很獨特，因為它們有極少量自己的 DNA。

There used to be a whole lot more actually, but as humans evolved the majority of them moved inside the nucleus, where it's a lot safer.

以前其實有很多，但隨著人類進化，大部分 DNA 移往了細胞核內，那裡要安全得多。

Scientists believe that the remaining ones are the most essential to the energy production process.

科學家們認為，其餘的是能源生產過程中最重要的部分。

For instance, 13 of these genes create the chemicals needed to make the wonderful ATP.

比如，其中有 13 個基因產生出了製造奇妙的 ATP 所需的化學物質。

We have to protect those guys. 

我們必須保護這些夥計們。

So here's the issue happening inside you, the beautiful flesh monster watching this video.

所以，這就是正觀看這支影片的你，由血肉編織的美麗怪物體內的情況。

When mitochondrial DNA is damaged by free radicals, it can delete portions of the genetic code,

當線粒體 DNA 被自由基破壞，部分遺傳密碼會被刪除，

making it impossible to create these chemicals and make energy.

使之無法製造這些化學物質和產生能量。

But the mutant mitochondria do keep making free radicals, which can cause oxidative stress,

但是突變的線粒體確實會不斷產生自由基，這會導致氧化壓力，

leading to diseases like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease, as well as aging. Humans disliked that.

導致癌症、糖尿病和心臟病等疾病，還會衰老。人類不喜歡變老。

Now, how do we even fix this?

那麼，該如何解決這個問題呢？

While we can't prevent mitochondrial DNA from getting damaged,

我們無法防止線粒體 DNA 受損，

scientists are finding ways to keep the mitochondria working properly by taking Evolution into their own hands!

但科學家們正在尋找讓線粒體持續正常運作的方法，將進化掌握在人類手中。

Like the mitochondrial genes that already migrated to the nucleus on their own,

就像已經自行遷移到細胞核的線粒體基因一樣，

scientists are creating backup copies of the 13 essential genes in the mitochondrial DNA.

科學家們正在創建線粒體 DNA 中 13 個必要基因的備份副本。

They're putting them in the nucleus as well, where they're protected.

他們也將這些基因放在核心中，在那裡它們能受到保護。

Don't worry these backups will keep things running smoothly for longer.

別擔心，這些備份會讓一切平穩運行更長時間。

One group of researchers has already begun working on this and created backup copies of two of the 13 genes, which they're testing in mice!

有研究人員已經開始著手研究，並為 13 個基因的其中兩個創建了備份副本，也正在老鼠身上進行測試！

If this works out we could be seeing dramatic drops in cancer rates, age-related diseases,

如果成功，我們可能可以看到癌症、老化相關疾病發病率大幅下降。

and yeah, it'll slow down the aging process. Humans like that.

沒錯，也會延緩衰老過程，這正中人類喜好。

To learn more about this cool tech, go check out our sponsor over at the SENS Research Foundation.

要了解有關這項酷技術的更多信息，請查看我們的讚助商 SENS 研究基金會。

They're doing amazing work in this field, and they definitely should get your support!

他們在這個領域非常出色，絕對應該得到您的支持！

So has there been anything you learned in school that you really want us to go into more detail about?

那麼，在學校學到的知識中，有希望我們更詳細介紹的東西嗎？

What would you love more information on?

有什麼想深入了解的嗎？

Let me know in the comments section below!

請在下方留言告訴我！

Click here to watch this video about glowing bodies or click here to watch this video!

點擊這裡觀看關於發光體的影片，或點這裡看另一個影片！

Subscribe and click the Bell, so you're notified every time we upload a new video.

訂閱並點擊小鈴鐺，這樣每次我們上傳新影片你都能收到通知。

And click the like button because it really helps us out!

記得幫我們按讚，因為這真的對我們很有幫助！

You can also check out the team at lifespan that powers life Noggin down in the description!

還可以在描述欄中查看 life Noggin 的團隊！

As always, my name is Blocko. This has been Life Noggin. Don't forget to keep on thinking!

老樣子，我叫 Blocko，你收看的是生活金頭腦，別忘了繼續思考！