Name: 成功是遺傳的嗎？| 凱瑟琳-佩奇-哈登 (Is success genetic? | Kathryn Paige Harden)
Uploaded: 2022-11-16T18:35:52.000Z
Duration: 4 min 9 s

- There's this classic thought experiment

and then you plant different flowers in that garden.

然後你在那個花園裡種植不同的花。

in these plants' heights is about the seeds that I planted.

在這些植物的高度是關於我種下的種子。

They all have the perfect environmental conditions.

The differences between them are genetic."

Now imagine another garden, and it is neglected.

現在想象一下另一個花園，它是被忽視的。

"所有這些植物都發育不良，已經死了"。

"Ah, the difference between these two gardens

is that these plants in the neglected garden

are genetically shorter than these plants

在豐富的、資源充足的花園裡"。

We can't then say that all the differences

事實上是由於遺傳因素造成的。

That's a really obvious thing when it comes to plants,

談到植物，這是一個非常明顯的事情。

but it's a really difficult thing for people

但這對人們來說是一件非常困難的事情

to keep in mind when we're talking about individual

當我們在談論個人的時候，要牢記

heritability and response to the environment

'Heritability' is the proportion of variation

It's a confusing term because people misinterpret heritable

這是一個令人困惑的術語，因為人們誤解了可遺傳的

unmodifiable by the environment, or innate.'

不能被環境改變的，或者說是先天的。

而且它並不意味著任何這些事情。

But it's hard for us scientists to describe why.

但對我們科學家來說，很難描述原因。

The thing about factoring in environment in genetic studies

關於在遺傳研究中考慮環境因素的問題

一個巨大的、統計學上的權力問題。

Do you have enough data to be able to reliably say

你是否有足夠的數據，能夠可靠地說

Genetic studies that ignore the environment

and are just looking for the "main effects"

of genes are already requiring sample sizes

A lot of times people haven't had exposure to this

很多時候，人們還沒有接觸過這個問題。

we're trying to make sense of information about race.

我們正在努力使有關種族的資訊有意義。

We're trying to make sense of information about genes,

我們正在努力使有關基因的資訊有意義。

關於所有這些事情是如何結合起來的。

'Portability' is this idea that what we've discovered

可移植性 "是這樣一種想法，即我們所發現的

how much can we port that over to a new group of people,

我們能在多大程度上將其移植到新的人群中。

and trust that things are gonna work in the same way?

並相信事情會以同樣的方式進行？

So we see this all the time with our social science effects.

是以，我們經常看到我們的社會科學效果是這樣的。

doesn't have the same effect as a minimum wage change

並不具有與最低工資變化相同的效果

is that genetic causes can operate in the same way.

是，遺傳原因可以以同樣的方式運作。

So, just because a gene influences the probability

是以，僅僅因為一個基因影響到的概率

we're not gonna be able to expect it to be portable

當我說有些東西是可以遺傳的。

roughly-equivalent environmental conditions,

genetic differences between them are related

to the phenotypic differences between them.

The genes of the seeds are related to the height

But that doesn't allow us to make the leap

但這並不允許我們進行跳躍式的發展

really different environmental legacies are due to genetics.

真正不同的環境遺留問題是由於遺傳造成的。

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成功是遺傳的嗎？| 凱瑟琳-佩奇-哈登 (Is success genetic? | Kathryn Paige Harden)

equivalent

individual

obvious

enormous