I'm the Jacob Urowsky Professor of Philosophy

我是Jacob Urowsky哲學教授

at Yale University,

在耶魯大學。

and the author of five books.

和五本書的作者。

Most recently,

最近的一次。

"How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them."

"法西斯主義如何運作。我們和他們的政治"。

I don't think there are good arguments

我不認為有好的論據

against my book taken as an analysis of fascist politics.

反對把我的書當作對法西斯政治的分析。

Everyone agrees that,

大家都同意。

the tactics that I describe in my book

我在書中描述的戰術

are tactics that fascist parties employ.

是法西斯政黨採用的策略。

Fascism is a very particular ideological structure.

法西斯主義是一種非常特殊的意識形態結構。

The first pillar is the Mythic Past.

第一根支柱是神話般的過去。

Then there's Propaganda.

然後是宣傳。

Anti-intellectualism.

反智主義。

Unreality.

不現實。

Hierarchy.

層次分明。

Victimhood.

受害者身份。

Law and order.

法律和秩序。

Sexual anxiety.

性焦慮。

Sodom and Gomorrah.

索多瑪和蛾摩拉。

And then finally, Arbeit macht frei-

最後，Arbeit macht frei-

'work shall make you free.'

'工作必使你們自由'。

Each of these elements

這些要素中的每一個

taken in and of itself, is not fascist.

本身並不是法西斯主義。

You can think about these individual elements in isolation.

你可以孤立地思考這些單獨的元素。

I think the strongest counterargument against my book

我認為對我的書最有力的反駁是

is people saying,

是人們說。

"Why do you need to worry about it.

"你為什麼要擔心這個問題。

There's lots of tactics people use to win power.

人們為了贏得權力，有很多策略。

Why worry about these?"

為什麼要擔心這些呢？"

My response is to say

我的迴應是說

that fascist politics wears down democracy.

法西斯主義政治消磨了民主。

Even if it doesn't result in a fascist regime,

即使它不會導致法西斯政權的出現。

it creates the conditions for itself.

它為自己創造了條件。

Fascist politics, it's a politics of fear.

法西斯主義政治，是一種恐懼的政治。

It's a politics that needs to say,

這是一個需要說的政治。

"The criminality is overcoming our cities.

"犯罪行為正在攻克我們的城市。

Our cities are filled with crime.

我們的城市充滿了犯罪。

They're disease-ridden.

他們疾病纏身。

The immigrants are hoarding in.

移民們都囤積在這裡。

The communists are taking over the universities."

共產黨人正在接管大學。"

It needs this constant fear.

它需要這種持續的恐懼。

It's the sense that

這是一種感覺，即

we've got a group of people on our side,

我們有一群人站在我們這邊。

who are supporting us,

支持我們的人。

and we've got enemies, and it's a war.

而且我們有敵人，這是一場戰爭。

It's a conflict.

這是個衝突。

So it results in policies,

所以它的結果是政策。

whether the leader likes it or not,

無論上司喜歡與否。

that match their rhetoric.

這與他們的言論相吻合。

Because if the policies don't ever match their rhetoric,

因為如果政策永遠不符合他們的言論。

then people eventually are going to say,

那麼人們最終會說。

"What's the threat?

"有什麼威脅？

Why do we need to be afraid?"

我們為什麼要害怕呢？"

And even if it doesn't result in a fascist regime,

而且，即使它沒有導致法西斯政權的出現。

it erodes the basis of the nation.

它侵蝕了國家的基礎。

It erodes the basis of democracy.

它侵蝕了民主的基礎。

It erodes the trust between citizens.

它侵蝕了公民之間的信任。

It militarizes politics.

它使政治軍事化。

Once you militarize politics,

一旦你將政治軍事化。

so there's no basis of reconciliation,

所以沒有和解的基礎。

then you make democracy impossible.

那麼你就使民主成為不可能。

And it destroys truth.

而且它破壞了真理。

So even if we don't get a fascist regime in the end,

所以即使我們最後沒有得到一個法西斯政權。

we destroy the basis of democracy.

我們破壞了民主的基礎。

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