everyday life in Russia has been marked by repressive controls and new restrictions on public expression.

俄羅斯的日常生活便遭受鎮壓性控制和對公眾言論的新限制。

And some people are drawing comparisons with the brutal rule of Joseph Stalin, who came to power in 1924 and whose time in charge saw millions of Russians dying of famine or in prison camps.

有些人將其與約瑟夫·史達林的殘暴統治相提並論，他在 1924 年上臺，在執政期間有數百萬名俄羅斯人死於饑荒或被關進勞改營。

As our Russia editor Steve Rosenberg reports from Saint Petersburg, there are calls for the Russian people to be reminded of the costs of dictatorship.

我們駐俄羅斯編輯 Steve Rosenburg 在聖彼得堡報導的同時，出現了呼籲俄羅斯人民莫忘獨裁統治代價的聲音。

How many in Russia want to remember the darker chapters of their country's history?

有多少俄羅斯人想憶起他們國家歷史上的黑暗篇章？

Very few.

非常少。

Every year, they gather to remember The Great Terror of the 1930s by reading out the names of Joseph Stalin's victims

他們每年都會聚集在一起，透過朗讀約瑟夫·史達林統治受害者的名字來紀念 1930 年代大恐怖時期。

The million he executed; the millions more sent to prison camps.

史達林處決的百萬人以及被送往勞改營的數百萬人。

The Gulag has gone, but fear is returning.

古拉格已經消失，但恐懼又回來了。（譯註：Gulag 為俄羅斯「勞動改造營管理總局」的縮略詞，簡稱「古拉格」，代表蘇聯時期的「強迫勞動系統」）

Repression is increasing by the week.

鎮壓正逐週增加。

Local politician Sergey Troshin tells me,

當地政治家 Sergey Troshin 跟我說：

"You can feel the fear today in Russian society, and we can feel we're being watched and filmed; hardly undercover surveillance."

「你可以在今日的俄羅斯社會感受到恐懼，而我們也覺得自己正在被監視和拍攝，幾乎算不上是秘密監視。」

For critics of the authorities, there are consequences.

對當局的批評者而言，那是有後果的。

University lecturer Denis Skopin has just been sacked for immoral behavior.

大學講師 Denis Skopin 剛因「不道德行為」被解僱。

(Having) Been arrested for protesting against mobilization for the war in Ukraine, he'd spent 10 days in jail.

他因為反抗動員前往烏克蘭的戰爭而在監獄裡待了 10 天。

But look at the send-off his students gave him on his last day at work.

但看看他學生在他任職最後一天是如何歡送他的。

I love my students very much; they understand very well what is happening now in Russia.

我非常愛我的學生，他們非常了解現在俄羅斯所發生的事情。

Denis says that many of his colleagues⏤academics and scientists⏤have fled Russia.

Denis 說他許多學者、科學家同事都已經逃離俄羅斯。

Russia is losing the best people now.

俄羅斯現正失去最優秀的人才。

The most educated, the most energetic, the most critically-thinking people are leaving the country.

教育程度最高、最有活力、最具批判性思想的人都紛紛離開這個國家。

Where is Russia heading right now?

俄羅斯現在正往什麼方向發展？

In short, Russia is going in their own direction.

簡而言之，俄羅斯正朝著自己的方向發展。

And it feels like the past is still casting a shadow over Russia's present and future.

感覺上，俄羅斯過去的陰影仍籠罩著它的現在和未來。

History never repeats itself exactly, but there are worrying parallels between Russia's past and present.

歷史永遠不會百分之百地重演，但俄羅斯的過去和今日之間有令人擔憂的相似之處。

Under Joseph Stalin, Soviet citizens who fell foul of the authorities were often labeled "enemies of the people".

在約瑟夫·史達林的統治下，觸犯當局的蘇聯公民往往會被貼上「全民公敵」的標籤。

After invading Ukraine, Vladimir Putin vowed to cleanse Russia of what he called "traitors, scum, and the fifth column".

入侵烏克蘭後，弗拉迪米爾·普丁發誓要把他所謂的「叛徒、敗類和內奸」掃出俄羅斯。（譯註：fifth column 表示第五縱隊，也就是支持並秘密幫助其國家敵人的人）

To help him do that, President Putin has introduced a new patriotic lesson in Russian schools.

為了幫助他達成這一點，普丁總統在俄羅斯校園裡推動了新的愛國主義課程。

It's called "Conversations about What's Important".

他稱之為「了解何者為要的對話」。

In this conversation, Putin claims that in Ukraine, Russia is fighting to protect Russia.

在這個對談中，普丁聲稱在烏克蘭戰爭中，俄羅斯是為了保護俄羅斯而戰。

Critics call it "indoctrination".

批評者稱之為「灌輸式教育」。

There are children who just believe they open eyes, and they are ready to believe in everything, and that is very dangerous.

有一些孩子認為他們睜開眼睛就準備好相信一切，而那是非常危險的。

Because if there's one thing Russian history teaches us, it is this:

因為如果俄羅斯的歷史教了我們任何東西，那就是這件事：

That if you believe in everything a leader here says and does without question, that can have tragic consequences.

如果你毫不質疑地相信任一個領導人的所作所為，那將會產生悲慘的後果。

Steve Rosenberg, BBC News, Saint Petersburg.

BBC 新聞記者 Steve Rosenberg 來自聖彼得堡的報導。