In the last few weeks, both Iran and Russia deny that so called kamikaze drones used in Moscow's aerial bombardments have come from Iran, but the west there's mounting evidence, this is the case.

在過去幾周裡，伊朗和俄羅斯都否認在莫斯科的空中轟炸中使用的所謂神風特攻隊無人機來自伊朗，但西方有越來越多的證據，這是事實。

Use of such drones would violate a U.

使用這種無人機將違反美國的一項規定。

N.

N.

Resolution curbing Iranian weapons exports.

遏制伊朗武器出口的決議。

This is a scene that Ukrainians have grown familiar with a kamikaze drone flying over their heads in the center of the capital Kiev that police try to shoot down with machine guns before it crashes into buildings.

這是烏克蘭人已經熟悉的場景，一架神風特攻隊的無人機在首都基輔中心飛過他們的頭頂，警察試圖在它撞上建築物之前用機槍擊落。

Though Iran deny selling such drones to Russia, Kiev says Moscow resorted to Iran.

儘管伊朗否認向俄羅斯出售這種無人機，但基輔說莫斯科求助於伊朗。

Major had won 36 drones to attack Ukraine's energy and civilian infrastructures.

少校贏得了36架無人機來攻擊烏克蘭的能源和民用基礎設施。

The unmanned aircraft is one of a series of drones made by Iran where the wingspan of 2.5 m.

該無人機是伊朗製造的一系列無人機之一，其翼展為2.5米。

It can carry 40 kg of explosives.

它可以攜帶40公斤的炸藥。

It's classified as the loitering munition as it can stay in the air for hours until the target is found, then it zooms in becoming a missile that destroys itself on impact.

它被歸類為遊蕩彈藥，因為它可以在空中停留數小時，直到發現目標，然後它放大成為一枚飛彈，在撞擊時自我銷燬。

Military experts say they have been rebranded grand to buy Russia and used extensively to carry out strikes across Ukraine such as here in the northeastern city of hark if compared to missiles, drones are cheap, €20,000 per unit.

軍事專家說，他們已經改頭換面，買下了俄羅斯，並廣泛用於在烏克蘭各地進行打擊，比如這裡的東北部城市哈克如果與飛彈相比，無人機很便宜，每臺2萬歐元。

Ukraine says Russia has ordered 2000 more.

烏克蘭說俄羅斯又訂購了2000個。

Their use represents a new challenge to Ukraine's air defense, even if they report having shot down over 220 drones over the last month.

它們的使用代表了對烏克蘭防空的新挑戰，即使他們報告說在過去一個月裡擊落了超過220架無人機。

The Kamikaze type flies low can be sent alone or in swamps and can cause considerable damage.

神風特攻隊類型的低空飛行可以單獨發送或在沼澤中發送，可以造成相當大的損害。

Arthur Holland Michel, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Council and the founder of the Center for the Study of the drone is widely regarded as one of the world's leading drone experts.

阿瑟-霍蘭-米歇爾是卡內基委員會的高級研究員和無人機研究中心的創始人，被廣泛認為是世界上領先的無人機專家之一。

He gave us his assessment of what we're looking at here.

他給了我們他對我們在這裡看到的情況的評估。

Well, as the report said, we're looking at a fairly rudimentary weapons system, it doesn't carry a lot of explosive, but because it flies very low to the ground, it's hard to detect on radar.

嗯，正如報告所說，我們看到的是一個相當初級的武器系統，它沒有攜帶大量的炸藥，但由於它飛得很低，很難被雷達發現。

A lot of them do actually get through and can hit targets.

他們中的很多人確實能通過，並能擊中目標。

And they've had a tremendous effect already in the last few weeks that they've being used.

在過去幾周的使用中，它們已經產生了巨大的影響。

What are the challenges that such drones pose relative to to say more conventional weapons, such as shells and missiles?

相對於更多的常規武器，如炮彈和飛彈，這種無人機帶來的挑戰是什麼？

Well, you know, conventional air defense systems have had many decades to respond to those sorts of traditional weapons drones represent a novel threat.

嗯，你知道，傳統的防空系統已經有幾十年的時間來應對那些傳統的武器，無人機代表一種新的威脅。

The systems aren't really designed to detect them to track them and indeed to shoot them down.

這些系統並沒有真正被設計來探測它們，以追蹤它們，並確實將它們擊落。

What Ukraine has relied on is a kind of patchwork of different detection systems.

烏克蘭所依賴的是一種由不同檢測系統組成的拼湊。

Visual observers.

視覺觀察員。

They've even relied on fighter jets to try and chase these systems down.

他們甚至依靠戰鬥機來試圖追擊這些系統。

They have had some success in shooting down a couple of 100 of these systems, but the cost of shooting down these very cheap drones has been very, very high for Ukraine and the millions of dollars.

他們在擊落幾百個這樣的系統方面取得了一些成功，但是擊落這些非常廉價的無人機的成本對烏克蘭來說非常非常高，而且是數百萬美元。

And because Russia can launch them in large numbers.

而且因為俄羅斯可以大量發射它們。

Not only are they incurring a cost on Ukrainian forces in terms of the weapons they have to use, but also there's always a probability that some of the drones of these swarms are going to be able to get through and hit their targets.

他們不僅在不得不使用的武器方面給烏克蘭部隊帶來了損失，而且這些機群中的一些無人機總是有可能通過並擊中其目標。

It is interesting that Russia has only recently started using those drones.

有趣的是，俄羅斯最近才開始使用這些無人機。

What do you think?

你怎麼看？

What does it tell us about the state of the Russian army that they appear now to have shifted to?

他們現在似乎已經轉移到了俄羅斯軍隊的狀態，這說明了什麼？

A strategy that actually relies heavily on drone attacks?

一個實際上嚴重依賴無人機攻擊的戰略？

I mean, it may show some signs of, for example, uh, the, you know, the reduction in reserves of other equivalent weapons, like like cruise missiles.

我的意思是，它可能顯示出一些跡象，例如，呃，你知道，減少其他同等武器的儲備，比如像巡航導彈。

You know, I think we're somewhat limited into how much we can read into what it says about the other kinds of weapons that Russia is using, but it certainly shows that they have access to a capability.

你知道，我認為我們能在多大程度上解讀俄羅斯正在使用的其他種類的武器是有限的，但它肯定表明他們有能力獲得。

The that wasn't, it didn't really figure in therefore structure at the beginning of the war.

這並不是，在戰爭開始時，它並沒有真正體現在結構中。

If they are able to continue accessing these drones in the same numbers, that that is going to be significant unless Ukraine finds a even more and perhaps cheaper way of actually defending against these systems, it could have a lasting Effect I think.

如果他們能夠繼續以同樣的數量進入這些無人機，那將是非常重要的，除非烏克蘭找到一個甚至更多、也許更便宜的方式來實際防禦這些系統，我認為這可能會產生持久的影響。

And because Russia can launch these systems from pretty far back.

而且因為俄羅斯可以從相當遠的地方發射這些系統。

I mean they have a range of up to 2000 km, even if they get pushed further back by Ukrainian counter offensives, these weapons can continue to reach deep into Ukrainian territory.

我的意思是，它們的射程高達2000公里，即使它們被烏克蘭的反攻推得更遠，這些武器也能繼續深入到烏克蘭領土。

Right, well, it's a pretty scary scenario certainly from the Ukrainian perspective, I mean, how might the use of these drones change the dynamic in this?

對，從烏克蘭的角度來看，這當然是一個相當可怕的場景，我的意思是，這些無人機的使用可能會改變這其中的動態？

What does it do to the people on the ground?

它對當地的人有什麼影響？

Well, it's precisely the fear factor, you know, drones compared to other weapons.

嗯，這正是恐懼因素，你知道，無人機與其他武器相比。

Not only are they very effective, but they also have a kind of psychological, emotional impact on the world stage.

它們不僅非常有效，而且在世界舞臺上也有一種心理、情感的影響。

You know, they they they're good for creating headlines for shaping the narrative for, you know, showing that Russia is an advanced force that's able to to sort of soak chaos.

你知道，他們......他們很適合創造頭條新聞，塑造敘事，你知道，顯示俄羅斯是一個先進的力量，能夠在某種程度上浸透混亂。

Of course it is able to do that, but it's already been able to do that with other conventional means of warfare.

當然，它能夠做到這一點，但它已經能夠用其他常規戰爭手段做到這一點了。

So if Russia is able to continue these types of drone attacks, then these attacks are going to continue to be in the news, people are going to continue to be talking about them and that could have a profound effect on the overall narrative of the conflict and how it's how it's evolving.

是以，如果俄羅斯能夠繼續這些類型的無人機襲擊，那麼這些襲擊將繼續出現在新聞中，人們將繼續談論它們，這可能對沖突的整體敘述以及它如何演變產生深遠影響。