The World Health Organization's coronavirus dashboard provides a stark illustration of how Covid 19 has affected all of us.

世界衛生組織的冠狀病毒儀表盤提供了一個鮮明的例子，說明科維德19號是如何影響我們所有人的。

Hundreds of thousands of cases are reported every day with well over half a billion documented so far, no corner of the globe has been left untouched.

每天都有幾十萬起案件被報告，到目前為止，記錄在案的案件遠遠超過5億起，全球沒有一個角落沒有被觸及。

Here's a breakdown of where we are now in the pandemic, which provides some clues to what the future might hold.

以下是我們現在在大流行病中的情況，這為未來可能出現的情況提供了一些線索。

The first year of the pandemic was about unprecedented changes.

大流行病的第一年是前所未有的變化。

Streets emptied more or less overnight countries all over the world, closed borders and locked down masking up became compulsory.

世界各國的街道或多或少地在一夜之間被清空，關閉邊界和封鎖掩飾成為強制性的。

There were no vaccines and because health care professionals had little experience with the disease catching it was a terrifying proposition.

當時沒有疫苗，而且由於衛生保健專業人員對這種疾病沒有什麼經驗，是以抓捕這種疾病是一個可怕的提議。

As the first vaccines were rolled out.

隨著第一批疫苗的推出。

At the end of that first pandemic year, around 90 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported worldwide.

在第一個大流行年結束時，全世界已經報告了約9000萬例COVID-19病例。

Since then, over seven times that number of people have tested positive for the disease and experts estimate there have been many, many more unconfirmed cases at the peak of the omicron variant surge.

自那時起，超過七倍的人被檢測出患有這種疾病，而且專家估計，在奧米加變體激增的高峰期，還有很多很多未經證實的病例。

Last january, the highest number of cases in the pandemic so far, over 20 million people worldwide were testing positive for the disease every week.

去年1月，是迄今為止大流行病中病例最多的月份，全世界每週有超過2000萬人被檢測出患有這種疾病。

Throughout the pandemic deaths worldwide, unsurprisingly have reflected infection worldwide, A series of waves struck the planet though, different countries suffered differently at different times.

在整個大流行病期間，全世界的死亡人數毫不奇怪地反映了全世界的感染情況。

A retrospective reveals at least one detectable pattern.

通過回顧發現至少有一種可檢測的模式。

It was a simple and devastating equation when the number of cases rose and fell in a new wave, the number of deaths followed a couple of weeks later, The deadliest wave so far peaked in early 2021 when in one terrible week, over 100,000 people died worldwide.

這是一個簡單而具有破壞性的等式，當病例數量在新的浪潮中上升和下降時，死亡人數在幾周後緊隨其後。迄今為止最致命的浪潮在2021年初達到頂峰，在一個可怕的星期內，全世界有超過10萬人死亡。

But the equation has changed somewhat since the massive omicron wave early this year.

但自從今年年初的大規模歐米茄浪潮以來，這個等式已經發生了一些變化。

Large numbers of people are still getting sick, but on average fewer are dying.

大量的人仍然在生病，但平均來說，死亡的人比較少。

The changing relationship between case rates and death tolls is at least in part due to another factor, widespread vaccination.

病例率和死亡人數之間關係的變化至少部分是由於另一個因素，即廣泛的疫苗接種。

So far over 12.5 billion doses of vaccines have gone into arms all over the world.

迄今為止，超過125億劑的疫苗已經進入世界各地的武器中。

Significant percentages of populations in the Americas, europe and Asia are now fully vaccinated though there's still a lot to do in africa the biggest vaccination drive in history has not all on its own been enough to stop the continued spread of covid 19 but coupled with the immunity induced and many people through wide scale exposure experts say it's brought the day when we declare the pandemic at an end a lot nearer and save tens of millions of lives.

美洲、歐洲和亞洲相當大比例的人口現在已經完全接種了疫苗，儘管在非洲還有很多工作要做。歷史上最大的疫苗接種運動本身並不足以阻止第19號病毒的繼續傳播，但加上許多人通過廣泛接觸而誘發的免疫力，專家說它使我們宣佈該大流行病結束的日子更近了，並拯救了數千萬人的生命。

Well for more, let's speak to Nina Schwalbe, she's vaccination and immunization expert and a principal fellow uh dealing at the United Nations International Institute for Global Health.

更多資訊，讓我們採訪一下尼娜-施瓦布，她是疫苗接種和免疫專家，也是聯合國全球衛生國際研究所的主要研究員，負責處理。

She's attending the world Health Summit that's taking place in Berlin right now.

她正在參加目前正在柏林舉行的世界衛生峰會。

Thanks for being with us.

謝謝你和我們在一起。

It's been almost three years now since we learned about the first covid case.

自從我們瞭解到第一起ovid案件以來，現在已經過去了將近三年時間。

Where do things stand now are we?

我們現在的情況如何？

How close are we to seeing an end to this pandemic.

我們離看到這種大流行病的結束還有多遠。

Thanks for the question.

謝謝你的問題。

And thanks for having me here.

謝謝你邀請我來到這裡。

Unfortunately, until everybody's vaccinated, we really won't be able to call an end to this pandemic.

不幸的是，在每個人都接種疫苗之前，我們真的無法結束這種大流行病。

Uh we still have people dying.

呃，我們仍然有人死亡。

We have thousands of people dying around the world each day.

我們每天都有成千上萬的人在世界各地死亡。

And uh and and the best way to protect ourselves is really to get vaccinated which prevents us from getting ill and and and from death.

保護我們自己的最好方法是接種疫苗，這可以防止我們生病和死亡。

So we've still got a long way to go.

所以我們仍然有很長的路要走。

We the pandemic has brought to light vast inequalities with respect to uh vaccine distribution according to the World Health Organization, vaccination rates and low-income countries standard 19% compared to almost 75% in high income countries.

根據世界衛生組織的數據，該大流行病暴露了疫苗分配方面的巨大不平等，低收入國家的疫苗接種率為19%，而高收入國家則為75%。

How can this gap be overcome?

如何克服這一差距？

Yeah, I think we have to think about it right from the start and when we have new vaccines available, we have to essentially reserve some for low income countries.

是的，我認為我們必須從一開始就考慮這個問題，當我們有新的疫苗可用時，我們必須從本質上為低收入國家保留一些。

It can't be a pay to play market on vaccines and vaccination.

這不可能是一個關於疫苗和疫苗接種的付費市場。

And although there was a global effort through covax facility, global effort.

雖然通過covax設施進行了全球努力，但全球努力。

World Health Organization Gabby and others to try to to try to correct for that inequality the rich countries really really got in line first and a lot of the manufacturing of vaccines is still based in in higher income countries, which meant that unfortunately again, the higher income countries came in line first.

世界衛生組織加比和其他組織試圖糾正這種不平等，富國真的真的先排隊了，很多疫苗的生產仍然是在高收入國家，這意味著不幸的是，高收入國家又先排隊了。

So less than a quarter of people in low income countries have been vaccinated Now.

是以，在低收入國家，現在只有不到四分之一的人接種過疫苗。

You're an immunization expert and you've been focusing uh one of the things I've been focusing on is gender inequality in this whole Matrix has covid affected women differently than men.

你是一位免疫專家，你一直在關注......我一直在關注的一件事是，在整個母體中，性別不平等對女性的影響與男性不同。

Unfortunately.

不幸的是。

Or fortunately women are primarily caregivers.

或者說幸運的是，女性主要是照顧者。

They're the primary caregivers.

他們是主要的照顧者。

They comprise a lot of the primary health care workforce and women have experienced a double triple quadruple burden from this disease.

她們在初級衛生保健人員中佔了很大比例，婦女經歷了這種疾病帶來的雙重三倍的負擔。

They're taking care of their parents, they're taking care of their Children, they're going to work and a lot of women have lost their jobs as a result or had to leave the workforce.

她們要照顧自己的父母，照顧自己的孩子，她們要去工作，很多婦女是以失去了工作，或者不得不離開勞動力市場。

So the the extreme burden on women during the pandemic has has made them really disproportionately affected over men Besides and beyond the epidemiology.

是以，在這一流行病期間，婦女的極端負擔使她們受到的影響確實超過了男性，而且超出了流行病學的範疇。

Also in terms of access to vaccine coverage, Women have burden at home.

另外，在獲得疫苗覆蓋方面，婦女在家裡有負擔。

They often work in the informal settings.

他們經常在非正式場合工作。

Many of us who work in jobs, vaccines were offered at our workplace, But for women in the informal care setting or in the informal care societies, they didn't have access to vaccines in the same way that men did.

我們中的許多人在工作中，疫苗是在我們的工作場所提供的，但是對於在非正式護理環境或非正式護理社會中的婦女來說，她們沒有像男性那樣獲得疫苗。

What would you say are the key lessons that we've learned from this pandemic and do they make us better prepared for the next one?

你認為我們從這次大流行中吸取的關鍵教訓是什麼，它們是否使我們為下一次大流行做了更好的準備？

Well, we can hope so.

嗯，我們可以希望如此。

And there's a conference happening right now in Berlin with over 4000 experts, talking exactly what we need to do.

現在有一個會議正在柏林舉行，有超過4000名專家參加，討論的正是我們需要做的事情。

There's going to be a high level meeting at the United Nations next year talking about how we can be better prepared.

明年將在聯合國舉行一次高級別會議，討論我們如何能夠更好地準備。

Um We are we do a lot of work at the U.

嗯，我們是我們在美國做了很多工作。

N.

N.

U.

U.

University on Gender and we think including women's voices, community voices just from the start is one way we can be better prepared.

大學的性別問題，我們認為從一開始就包括婦女的聲音，社區的聲音是我們可以更好地準備的一種方式。

Um putting more women in leadership levels to think about how to respond to the pandemic and also making sure and putting in place uh waivers for intellectual property, vaccine, manufacturing facilities in low income countries.

讓更多的婦女進入領導層，思考如何應對大流行病，並確保和落實對低收入國家的知識產權、疫苗、生產設施的豁免。

There are hundreds of lessons learned and we just need to act on them.

有數以百計的經驗教訓，我們只需要根據這些經驗教訓採取行動。

Nina Schwalbe, principal fellow at the United Nations International Institute for Global Health.

尼娜-施瓦布，聯合國全球衛生國際研究所首席研究員。

Thanks for being with us today.

謝謝你今天和我們在一起。

Thank you so much.

非常感謝你。