You haven't too, what the hell?

你也沒有，這算什麼？

I have until five p.m. Until until he leaves.

我有到下午五點的時間，直到他離開為止。

What the hell is this worm thing?

這個蟲子到底是什麼東西？

He is five oh shoot.

他是五歲哦，拍攝。

Yeah it's close.

是的，這很接近。

Hi guys, James and David.

嗨，夥計們，詹姆斯和大衛。

Um Yeah Mr E.

嗯，是的，E先生。

He says I have until five p.m. That means that's the deadline.

他說我有到下午五點的時間，這意味著那是最後期限。

Now he didn't say the word by and there was a reason for that and that's what today's lesson is about by and until these are both prepositions of time.

現在他沒有說by這個詞，這是有原因的，這就是今天的課程所講的by和until這兩個時間介詞。

So that makes them similar.

是以，這使他們相似。

But they are very very different in how we apply them and what they mean.

但它們在我們如何應用它們以及它們的含義方面是非常非常不同的。

Today I'm gonna help you with this because many students have difficulty with it and we're gonna do a little bit of a spelling check and see how well, you know, some of these words are you ready?

今天我要幫助你，因為許多學生在這方面有困難，我們要做一點拼寫檢查，看看有多好，你知道，其中一些詞你準備好了嗎？

Let's go to the board.

讓我們到董事會去。

So until as I said, this is called a Venn diagram by the way.

是以，直到我說，這被稱為維恩圖的方式。

And what that means is there are two different objects but there's a place in which they intersect.

而這意味著有兩個不同的對象，但有一個地方是它們的交集。

That means they come together where they have something similar and then there are parts that are very different.

這意味著它們走到了一起，在那裡它們有相似的東西，然後有一些非常不同的部分。

So when you use a Venn diagram it's very useful because it helps you figure out what's the same and what's not the same.

是以，當你使用維恩圖時，它非常有用，因為它可以幫助你弄清楚哪些是相同的，哪些是不相同的。

So what's the same?

那麼什麼是相同的呢？

They are both prepositions of time until and by there are other meanings for, you know by which we'll touch on.

它們都是時間的介詞，直到和由，還有其他的意思，你知道由，我們將觸及。

But this is what we want to know for this particular subject.

但這是我們對這個特定主題想知道的。

So let's start with until until means you have a period of time to do something and then you have to stop.

是以，讓我們從until開始，until意味著你有一段時間來做某件事，然後你必須停止。

That means you start now and this period of time continues from this moment on but then it stops.

這意味著你現在開始，這段時間從這一刻開始持續，但隨後就會停止。

Okay now until can also be seen in two other forms.

好了，現在直到還可以看到另外兩種形式。

Sometimes you see till like this T.

有時你會看到直到像這樣的T。

I.

I.

L.

L.

L.

L.

This is the informal version of until it is a word by itself.

這是非正式的版本，直到它本身就是一個詞。

So don't get confused and think.

所以不要迷惑，不要想。

But they look very different.

但他們看起來非常不同。

No no this is a word till and it means the same as until.

不，不，這是一個單詞Till，它的意思與until相同。

Okay.

好的。

Two separate words.

兩個獨立的詞。

Cool.

酷。

Next the next one we have is up till you know what's that?

下一個我們的下一個是到你知道那是什麼？

I thought that now this is the short version of until.

我想，現在這是一個簡短的版本，直到。

This is for sure until I get this right?

這是肯定的，直到我得到這個權利？

Let me start again.

讓我重新開始。

This is the short version of until you can see it's T I L.

這是簡短的版本，直到你可以看到它是T I L。

T I L.

T I L。

And the apostrophe tells us that the beginning part is missing.

而撇號告訴我們，開頭部分是缺失的。

So this means up till now this is talking remember I said that you continue until a period you stop.

所以這意味著到現在為止，這是在說話，記得我說過，你繼續下去，直到一個時期你停止。

This is talking about just the final time.

這說的只是最後的時間。

You have up till five o'clock that's the final time.

你有到五點的時間，這是最後的時間。

When you say until we're talking about now.

當你說直到我們談論的是現在。

Until this time the continuation.

直到這個時候的延續。

Cool.

酷。

So that's what until means.

所以這就是直到的意思。

So we're looking at a period of time that continues and you must stop.

所以我們要看的是一段持續的時間，你必須停下來。

Why is this different from by?

為什麼這與由不同？

Well by isn't talking about a continuation.

嗯，由不是在談論一個延續。

It's just saying period and then there's a future point sometime in the future.

這只是說時期，然後在未來的某個時候有一個未來的點。

That's when it's gonna end.

這就是它要結束的時候。

Okay so it will happen before a certain time or at a certain time in the future.

好的，所以它將在某個時間之前或在未來某個時間發生。

Cool.

酷。

So it's gonna happen at a certain time, like before the certain time or a certain time.

所以它會在某個時間發生，比如在某個時間之前或某個時間。

So that's the end point.

所以這就是終點。

So you're here and it's not continuing, we're not talking about continuing going, it ends here.

所以你在這裡，它沒有繼續，我們沒有說繼續去，它在這裡結束。

This one continues this one just like jump to the future a certain time or or just before that time.

這個人繼續這個人就像跳到未來的某個時間或就在那個時間之前。

So it could end actually here but this is the end point.

所以它實際上可以在這裡結束，但這是結束點。

They both have stops but we get there differently.

兩者都有站，但我們到達的方式不同。

Cool.

酷。

Now you'll see this one here and I said by the time this means the same as by the only difference is we use this before a verb like by the time I get home get is the verb, by the time you finish dinner finishes the verb.

現在你會看到這個，我說by the time這個意思和by一樣，唯一的區別是我們在動詞前使用這個，比如by the time I get home get是動詞，by the time you finish dinner完成了動詞。

So we will use by the time before a verb otherwise means the same.

所以我們會在動詞前使用by the time，否則意思相同。

Are we?

我們是嗎？

Cool.

酷。

Now it would I mean I gave you an example I talked but why don't I give you some examples?

現在它將我的意思是我給你一個例子，我談了，但為什麼我不給你一些例子呢？

Because by looking at the examples side by side, you can see how they have a similar meaning, right?

因為通過並排看這些例子，你可以看到它們有類似的含義，對嗎？

They are prepositions of time but how we arrive and the actual meaning is a bit different and there's gonna be one that's a little bit tricky that we're gonna get to when I do the quiz later on.

它們都是時間介詞，但我們如何到達和實際意義有點不同，而且有一個會有點棘手，我們會在稍後的測驗中得到答案。

So let's go.

所以，我們走吧。

So here you can see that I use all three versions of till until until until just so you can see how they work and how they work.

是以，在這裡你可以看到，我使用了所有三個版本的Till until until，只是為了讓你看到它們是如何工作的，如何發揮作用。

The exact same is just spelling.

完全一樣的只是拼寫。

Okay.

好的。

And this one does have a little bit of a different meaning but you'll see it here.

而這個確實有一點不同的含義，但你會在這裡看到它。

So first one I want to do is you have until May 13 to bring the book back.

是以，我想做的第一件事是你在5月13日之前把書拿回來。

And what I wanted to say was bring the book back to the library but I didn't have enough room.

而我想說的是把書帶回圖書館，但我沒有足夠的空間。

So keep in your mind to bring back the book back to the library.

所以要牢牢記住把書帶回圖書館。

Okay, Now, how is it different when we say bye.

好了，現在，當我們說再見的時候，有什麼不同呢。

When we say bye, we say this, you must bring the book to the library by May 13th.

當我們說再見時，我們這樣說，你必須在5月13日前把書帶到圖書館。

This is the final point in the future.

這是未來的最後一點。

Okay, so in the future you want to go here.

好的，所以將來你想去這裡。

Final point here you have until so we're starting today, whatever day this is.

最後一點，你有直到所以我們今天開始，無論這一天是什麼。

But then you have from today until May 13th on this one we're saying you got the book, bring it back by this time.

但是，從今天起到5月13日，在這個問題上，我們說你拿到了書，在這個時間之前把它拿回來。

We don't care how much time is here.

我們不關心這裡有多少時間。

Endpoint.

端點。

Alright, next I will be up till 10 PM today.

好吧，接下來我將在今天熬到晚上10點。

Okay, I will be up till 10 PM today, this is the final time.

好吧，我今天會熬到晚上10點，這是最後一次了。

Right, so we're not it's much more similar in this case to buy than the rest of the until that's the final time we're talking about.

對，所以我們不是它在這種情況下比其他地方買的更相似，直到那是我們談論的最後時間。

But there is that continuing continuation.

但是有這種持續的延續性。

There is the continuation where what we're looking at is it maybe two o'clock now.

有一種延續性，我們所看到的是現在可能是兩點鐘。

Three o'clock, but up till 10 p.m. So it's continuing.

三點鐘，但一直到晚上10點，所以它還在繼續。

Okay.

好的。

Final time is 10 p.m. Over here.

最後的時間是晚上10點，在這裡。

Remember I said some future point write that something's going to happen.

記得我說過，未來的某個點上寫著，會有事情發生。

You look at the verb, we got will will these are future tenses, right?

你看一下動詞，我們得到了將將這些都是未來時態，對嗎？

We got them built right in.

我們把它們直接建在了裡面。

I will be in bed by 10 p.m. Today.

我將在今天晚上10點前上床睡覺。

That's the future tense.

那是未來時態。

There you go.

你去吧。

Right.

對。

All right.

好的。

Now, let's go down this one.

現在，我們來看看這個。

I worked till 5:00 tomorrow.

我一直工作到明天5點。

That means I will be working and continue until five p.m. Here, it says I will be finished work by right.

這意味著我將工作並持續到下午五點，這裡說我將完成工作的權利。

That future point in time we got that will five o'clock tomorrow.

我們得到的那個未來的時間點，將是明天五點。

You will see the similarity how they're similar.

你會看到它們的相似性，它們是如何相似的。

And the difference is this is only concerned mostly I should say with that future time, not the continuation.

而不同的是，這主要是我應該說只涉及到未來的時間，而不是延續性。

While this one talks about that continuation.

而這篇則談到了這種延續性。

Starting and continuing into the future.

開始並持續到未來。

Cool.

酷。

We know their propositions on time.

我們及時瞭解他們的主張。

Both of them.

他們倆都是。

We know how they work.

我們知道他們如何工作。

I've given you examples how you would write similar statements and how they have to change because of how these work, but you know something.

我已經給你舉了例子，你將如何寫類似的聲明，以及由於這些工作的方式，他們必須改變，但你知道一些事情。

I'm not sure if you got it.

我不確定你是否得到了它。

So what I want you to do is follow me.

所以我想讓你做的是跟隨我。

We'll do a quiz.

我們會做一個測驗。

We'll see how learn how well you learn this.

我們將看看你是如何學好這個的。

You ready?

你準備好了嗎？

Hey And we're back.

嘿，我們回來了。

Let's go to the board and do our quiz.

讓我們到黑板上做我們的測驗。

And we're gonna do our bonus and I'm gonna give you homework because that's how the class rolls.

我們將做我們的獎金，我將給你家庭作業，因為這就是班級的滾動方式。

Right?

對嗎？

So first question I wanna ask you is this I have to finish I have to finish my website something do first.

是以，我想問你的第一個問題是，我必須完成我的網站，先做一些事情。

Would it be by or till what do you think?

你認為是到還是到什麼時候呢？

Do you remember what we said about bike at some future period in time?

你還記得我們在未來某個時間段說過的關於自行車的事情嗎？

Right.

對。

So by June one that's the future period of time.

所以到6月1日就是未來的一段時間。

It doesn't matter.

這並不重要。

We're not talking about continuing.

我們不是在談論繼續。

You might not do any work until like May 30 or something?

你可能要到5月30日或什麼時候才會做任何工作？

I don't know.

我不知道。

Or May 25 but then you gotta get it done by June one.

或者5月25日，但你必須在6月1日前完成。

So let's look at the second sentence.

是以，我們來看看第二句話。

I will be studying.

我將會學習。

English dinner time.

英國的晚餐時間。

I'm gonna give you a little bit of a hint here.

我在這裡要給你一點提示。

Remember we talked about what continuation I.

記得我們談到過什麼是延續性I。

N.

N.

G.

G.

Is continuation.

是延續性。

Right?

對嗎？

Present continuous something is continuing.

現在連續的東西正在繼續。

So we're gonna say until that was easy.

所以我們要說，直到這很容易。

If we look for an I.

如果我們尋找一個I。

N.

N.

G.

G.

We know that's probably going to be until yeah.

我們知道這可能要到耶。

How about number three?

三號怎麼樣？

He's late.

他遲到了。

I will wait something six p.m. then I'm leaving.

我將等待下午六點的東西，然後我就離開。

What do you think that will be?

你認為這將是什麼？

Well remember we said will is future time.

嗯，記得我們說過將是未來的時間。

So if we're talking about future time I'm gonna bet it up till and I want you to note the spelling because we talked about that before.

是以，如果我們談論的是未來的時間，我會把它賭到，我希望你注意到拼寫，因為我們之前談過這個問題。

Remember up this is a shortened version of until.

請記住，這是until的縮短版。

So up till is the final time.

所以直到是最後的時間。

This is the final time.

這是最後一次。

six p.m. then I'm leaving.

下午六點，然後我就離開。

Cool.

酷。

So what about # 4?

那麼，第4條呢？

We have to leave something am if we want to catch the train, okay, we have to leave by because this time has started, maybe it's 10 PM at night we're talking but from this time we have until sorry, by this time by eight a.m. If we want to leave, so we have to leave by eight a.m. Right?

如果我們想趕上火車的話，我們必須在上午離開，因為這個時間已經開始了，也許我們說的是晚上10點，但是從這個時間開始，我們必須到對不起，在這個時間之前，如果我們想離開，所以我們必須在上午8點之前離開，對嗎？

Cool.

酷。

It's not a continuation.

這不是一個延續。

This is the former time in the future.

這是在未來的前段時間。

So the future time is eight a.m. So whatever we are here, eight a.m. Is in the future And now number five, I will be at the hospital Something five p.m. Now, this is a very very special one.

所以未來的時間是早上八點，所以無論我們在這裡，早上八點是在未來。現在是第五個，我將在醫院的東西下午五點。

Okay, very special.

好的，非常特別。

You're gonna figure it out in two seconds.

你會在兩秒鐘內搞清楚的。

Pay attention.

請注意。

Alright.

好吧。

I will be at the hospital.

我將在醫院。

Which one of you guys said bye.

你們哪個人說了再見。

You're correct.

你是對的。

Which one of you guys said until you're correct?

你們中的哪一個人說到你是正確的？

What you got to be careful here because look at the sentence, I know this is the future.

你在這裡一定要小心，因為看這句話，我知道這是未來。

But do you remember how we said bye until something continues and then it stops and then something is in the future time.

但你是否記得我們是如何說再見的，直到某事繼續，然後它停止，然後某事在未來的時間。

This type of sentence could be either one context driven.

這種類型的句子可以是一個上下文驅動。

So you have to actually know I will be at the hospital by five p.m. Means whatever time it is now in the future I will arrive there.

所以你必須真正知道我將在下午五點前到達醫院，不管現在是未來的什麼時間，我都會到達那裡。

Okay so I'll be there by five p.m. Not before that time, I'm sorry I got stuff to do but at this future time I'll get there.

好的，所以我會在下午五點之前到那裡，而不是在那個時間之前，對不起，我有事情要做，但在這個未來的時間我會到那裡。

But I could also I will be at the hospital until five p.m. That means I'm here now, but at five p.m. I will leave the hospital.

但我也可以我將在醫院待到下午五點，這意味著我現在在這裡，但在下午五點我將離開醫院。

So in a situation like this you've got to be very careful because we are both talking about the future but if the person is going to leave that we're gonna have to use until but if they're going to arrive we're gonna use by I know you didn't see that coming, did you?

所以在這種情況下，你必須非常小心，因為我們都在談論未來，但如果這個人要離開，我們就得用到，但如果他們要來，我們就用到，我知道你沒有看到這一點，是嗎？

You were like oh I know I know and I'm like hey I did explain things for a reason and they both kind of have a future kind of idea on them right up until sometime in the future then it stops or at a future point.

你就像哦，我知道我知道，我就像嘿，我確實解釋了事情的原因，他們都有一種未來的想法，直到未來的某個時候，然後它停止了，或者在未來的某個點。

So if you're looking at something like I will be at if someone says I will be at work, It could be by or until depending on the context.

是以，如果你在看一些東西，如我將在，如果有人說我將在工作，它可能是由或直到，取決於上下文。

So be careful of the context and you'll know for sure.

所以要注意上下文，你會知道的。

Cool.

酷。

Alright so I'm glad that was good because some of you I know some of you guys were like 100% and you were like it's by and until because I was listening to what you said.

好吧，所以我很高興這很好，因為你們中的一些人，我知道你們中的一些人就像100％，你就像它是由，直到因為我在聽你說的話。

But even if you got this or this right, you're still correct.

但即使你把這個或這個說對了，你也是正確的。

It's just understand that it could be different depending on the context.

只是要明白，根據不同的背景，可能會有不同的結果。

So you have to know is the person arriving or is the person leaving, and then you'll know the answer.

所以你必須知道這個人是來了還是走了，然後你就會知道答案。

Right now, we have a couple more things because you know, I always give you a bonus and the first thing I want to talk is up until now, that means something has going very, very well up until now or something would be going very, very bad up until now because in this moment something has changed, right?

現在，我們還有幾件事情，因為你知道，我總是給你一個獎勵，我想談的第一件事是到現在為止，這意味著到現在為止，有些事情已經進行得非常非常好，或者有些事情到現在為止會進行得非常非常糟糕，因為在這一刻，有些事情已經發生了變化，對嗎？

You've been very good to me.

你一直對我很好。

Up until now that means you are good then you stopped, it's been bad weather up until now, so it's bad weather now, it's nice and sunny, okay till now, basically same right to this moment and up to this point in time, they all basically say the same thing, right?

到現在為止，這意味著你是好的，然後你就停止了，到現在為止一直是壞天氣，所以現在是壞天氣，天氣很好，陽光很好，好的，直到現在，基本上是一樣的，就在這個時候，到這個時間點，他們基本上都說一樣的，對嗎？

These three are just another way of saying until, Okay, so you have 56 ways of saying it now, you're gonna look here and it looks like I made a mistake like what is this?

這三個只是另一種說法，直到，好吧，所以你現在有56種說法，你要看這裡，看起來我犯了一個錯誤，比如這是什麼？

Well, sometimes even native speakers make a mistake with using by by or by do they know how to say it properly?

好吧，有時即使是母語者也會在使用by by或by時犯錯，他們知道如何正確地說出來嗎？