I've visited over 80 countries around the world and it's become clear to me that people are no longer convinced about democracy and its efficacy in terms of contributing to economic success and human progress.

我已經訪問了世界上80多個國家，我清楚地看到，人們不再相信民主及其在促進經濟成功和人類進步方面的功效。

The question that I've asked myself is why are we failing to convince people about the importance of democracy?

我問自己的問題是，為什麼我們不能說服人們相信民主的重要性？

And to me, the answer is that we are no longer convincing people like myself who believe in democracy, but also in the importance of market capitalism.

而對我來說，答案是，我們不再說服像我這樣相信民主，但也相信市場資本主義重要性的人。

And I believe that there are two fundamental problems with democracy today.

我認為，今天的民主有兩個基本問題。

One is the issue of legitimacy.

一個是合法性的問題。

So this issue that around the world democratic societies, people in democratic societies, people are looking around and they do not think that the electoral votes, whether it's through a referendum or through a general election.

所以這個問題，在世界各地的民主社會，民主社會的人們，人們正在環顧四周，他們不認為選舉票，無論是通過公投還是通過大選。

People don't believe that those those elections are free or fair.

人們不相信那些那些選舉是自由或公平的。

Um and indeed even if they do, they are very skeptical about the results.

嗯，事實上，即使他們這樣做，他們也對結果非常懷疑。

Um We know about the situation here regarding Brexit as just one example.

嗯，我們知道這裡關於英國脫歐的情況，這只是一個例子。

But the second thing that's really critically important is that I'd like to address with my solutions is the issue of Myopia.

但是，第二件真正至關重要的事情是，我想用我的解決方案解決的是近視問題。

The idea that virtually all the economic challenges are long term economic challenges their deeply entrenched and their structural and threatening to upend the global economy.

幾乎所有的經濟挑戰都是長期的經濟挑戰，它們根深蒂固，而且是結構性的，有可能會顛覆全球經濟的想法。

and yet our politicians are very short term in their thinking and they're constantly fighting elections and constantly interested in winning those elections with very little consideration for the long term costs and the trade offs.

然而，我們的政治家們的思維是非常短期的，他們一直在為選舉而戰，一直對贏得這些選舉感興趣，很少考慮長期的成本和交易。

But let me start off first by giving you a little bit of flavor for why it is, I worry that democracy is today under siege.

但是，讓我首先給你們講講為什麼，我擔心今天的民主被圍困了。

First of all, voter participation rates are down in the United States, for example, in the 19 sixties, voter participation was in the high sixties and even the seventies in some places today, voter participation rates in the United States are around 50% for general elections and they're as low as five, 30% for people who are indigent or low-income households at at least $30,000 per per annum incomes.

首先，美國的選民參與率在下降，例如，在19世紀60年代，選民參與率在60年代高，甚至在一些地方的70年代，今天，美國的選民參與率在大選中約為50%，對於貧困或低收入家庭每年收入至少3萬美元的人，他們的參與率低至5，30%。

This is very far from the one man, one vote mantra that liberal democracy has always touted.

這與自由民主一直吹捧的一人一票的口號相去甚遠。

A second issue is that money has seeped into the political process.

第二個問題是，金錢已經滲入了政治進程。

Again, looking at the United States, there is a survey that was published in the New York Times a couple of years ago that estimated that only or just 158 families in the United States were responsible for 50% of the political contributions that have been used to fund the president's election in 2016.

同樣，看看美國，幾年前在《紐約時報》上發表了一項調查，估計美國只有或僅有158個家庭對2016年用於資助總統選舉的政治捐款負責，佔到50%。

More fundamentally, there's a deep concern about lobbying and the amount of money that's gone into lobbying in, in the United States.

更根本的是，人們對遊說和在美國進行遊說的資金數額深感關切。

If you look at the 2019, excuse me in 2000, the amount of money that went into lobbying was approximately $1.5 billion $3 billion dollars that goes into lobbying.

如果你看一下2019年，對不起，在2000年，進入遊說的金額大約是15億美元30億美元，進入遊說的金額。

And this to me again, is creating this fundamental problem of where money has seeped into the political process.

對我來說，這又造成了金錢滲入政治進程的這個根本問題。

More generally, political freedoms have been on the decline around the world.

更普遍的是，政治自由在世界各地一直在下降。

According to Freedom House over the last 10 years, political freedoms all across the world, in both liberal democracies and illiberal states has gone down, it's gone, it's become so extreme that not only are we seeing this trend in places like the United States, But also we are hearing that um when, when there's some surveys like the Pew survey and people are asked about their faith in government, we're seeing large increases in dissatisfaction and a lack of belief in government.

根據自由之家過去10年的數據，世界各地的政治自由，無論是自由民主國家還是非自由國家，都在下降，它已經變得如此極端，不僅我們在美國等地看到這種趨勢，而且我們還聽到，嗯，當有一些調查，如皮尤調查，人們被問及他們對政府的信心時，我們看到不滿意和對政府缺乏信心的情況大幅增加。

According to a Pew survey, 80% of Americans do not trust their government to regularly do what is right.

根據皮尤的一項調查，80%的美國人不相信他們的政府會經常做正確的事情。

A World Economic Forum report has that was published recently, suggests that when citizens around the world have been polled, people do not believe in the democratic process as a means to deliver economic outcomes.

世界經濟論壇最近發表的一份報告表明，當世界各地的公民被調查時，人們不相信民主進程是實現經濟成果的一種手段。

In fact, in that survey, the world economic forum, they found that citizens believed more or had more faith in authoritarian governments than they did in political systems that are more democratic.

事實上，在那個調查中，世界經濟論壇，他們發現，公民對威權政府的相信程度，比對更民主的政治制度的相信程度更高，或更有信心。

Just to give you a few more data points in this regard.

只是想在這方面再給你幾個數據。

There are the economist Intelligence unit has downgraded the United States from being a full democracy to being a flawed democracy.

有經濟學家情報組織、部門將美國從一個完全的民主國家降級為一個有缺陷的民主國家。

And a lot of that has to do with what they see as an erosion of the three key pillars of the democratic process, which is the executive office of the head of state, the legislature, which as you know, a it's very combative beyond the combat levels that I believe that the forefathers had expected when they tried to create a bit of competition in discussion in the political process.

這在很大程度上與他們認為民主進程的三個關鍵支柱受到侵蝕有關，這三個支柱是國家元首的行政辦公室、立法機構，如你所知，立法機構的戰鬥力非常強，超出了我相信先輩們在試圖在政治進程中創造一點競爭的討論時所預期的戰鬥水準。

But also there's deep concern around the judicial system, which is the third arm and real concern that the judicial system actually is not fair and equal.

但是也有圍繞著司法系統的深切關注，這是第三條手臂，也是真正的關注，司法系統實際上是不公平和平等的。

And that certain in the United States are lots of surveys around this, but also in other places around the world, especially with the rise of anti immigrant sentiment.

在美國有很多圍繞這個問題的調查，但在世界其他地方也有，特別是隨著反移民情緒的上升。

Deep concern that there's one judicial system for people who are white and or rich and there's a different judicial system, criminal justice system for people who are black, latino asian and form more poor and indigent backgrounds.

深感擔憂的是，有一個針對白人和或富人的司法系統，而對於黑人、拉丁裔、亞洲人和更多貧窮和貧困背景的人，有一個不同的司法系統和刑事司法系統。

So taken together this suite of challenges, is creating this very unsettling discourse around democracy and of course, in the background, we know that illiberal democracies in fact, countries that are blatantly nondemocratic, such as china have shown economic progress that has been unprecedented and legendary and have also continued to show a lot of significant improvements in social metrics as well.

是以，這一系列的挑戰加在一起，正在圍繞著民主創造這種非常令人不安的話語，當然，在背景方面，我們知道非自由民主國家，事實上，那些公然不民主的國家，如中國，已經顯示出前所未有的和傳奇性的經濟進步，並且也繼續顯示出在社會指標方面的許多重大改進。