So, happiness, from a psychological perspective is generally thought of as a broad evaluation of how we feel about our lives over time.

是以，從心理學的角度來看，幸福一般被認為是對我們在一段時間內的生活感受的廣泛評價。

So these words Joy and happiness often swirled together, but happiness is really this sort of broader evaluation.

是以，這些詞歡樂和幸福經常被攪在一起，但幸福其實是這種更廣泛的評價。

It's cognitive, it's a cognitive appraisal of how we feel about our lives.

這是認知的，是對我們對自己生活的感受的認知評價。

And it often includes a range of factors how we feel about our work, Whether we feel like we have a sense of meaning and purpose in our lives, how we feel about our social connections, how connected we feel to other people.

它往往包括一系列因素，我們對工作的感覺如何，我們是否覺得我們的生活有意義和目的感，我們對社會關係的感覺如何，我們與其他人的聯繫如何。

But joy is much simpler, much more immediate.

但快樂要簡單得多，也更直接。

So the way that psychologists to find joy is as an intense, momentary experience of positive emotion and we can measure that through direct physical expressions.

是以，心理學家發現快樂的方式是作為一種強烈的、瞬間的積極情緒體驗，我們可以通過直接的身體表達來衡量它。

So things like smiling and laughter and a feeling of wanting to jump up and down.

是以，像微笑和笑聲以及想要跳起來的感覺。

So there's something that happens physically viscerally in our bodies when we feel joy.

是以，當我們感受到快樂時，我們的身體裡會發生一些生理上的內涵。

Um so I think well happiness can sometimes feel a little bit vague, it's hard to know in a given moment how happy we are.

嗯，所以我認為，幸福有時會感覺有點模糊，很難知道在某一時刻我們有多幸福。

It requires some self reflection.

這需要一些自我反思。

Joy is much more immediate when we have when we are experiencing a moment of joy, there's no doubt, but I think we overlook this because these moments of joy often seems so small.

當我們有當我們正在經歷快樂的時刻時，快樂是更直接的，這是毫無疑問的，但我認為我們忽視了這一點，因為這些快樂的時刻往往看起來很渺小。

They sort of pass by uh in the flow of daily life.

他們在日常生活的流程中擦肩而過。

And so we don't often pay a lot of attention to them.

是以，我們往往不會對它們給予很多關注。

I think we don't really feel they're very important and yet they're really, really important and really powerful and I want to share a few different ways that joy affects us.

我認為我們並不覺得它們非常重要，然而它們真的非常重要，而且非常有力量，我想分享一下快樂影響我們的幾種不同方式。

So the first is that joy is contagious.

是以，第一點是，快樂是會傳染的。

So all of our emotions are contagious.

所以我們所有的情緒都是有傳染性的。

We spread them to each other through our tone of voice, our facial expressions, our body language.

我們通過我們的語氣、面部表情、身體語言向對方傳播它們。

And one of the side effects of this is that joy makes us more physically attractive to other people.

而這的一個副作用是，快樂使我們在身體上對其他人更有吸引力。

And so one of the ways that scientists know this is that they take these faces, they look like real faces but they're actually computer generated composite faces and they take faces that they deem average looking and they make them smiling, expressing joy and then they put them against faces that are supposedly really good looking like model esque faces and have those model esque faces not smiling.

是以，科學家知道這一點的方法之一是，他們採取這些面孔，它們看起來像真實的面孔，但它們實際上是計算機生成的複合面孔，他們採取他們認為長相一般的面孔，讓他們微笑，表達喜悅，然後他們把它們與那些據說是真正好看的面孔，如模特臉，讓那些模特臉不笑。

And what they find is that the supposedly average looking faces are considered more attractive, They're more physically attractive than the supposedly better looking faces.

他們發現，那些所謂的普通面孔被認為更有吸引力，他們比那些所謂的更好看的面孔更有身體吸引力。

So something happens when we express joy, we become more physically attractive to other people and that makes a lot of sense right?

是以，當我們表達快樂時，會發生一些事情，我們會變得對其他人更有身體上的吸引力，這很有意義，對嗎？

Because if we know that our emotions are going to rub off on other people or their emotions are going to rub off on us and we're going to want to be around people who are joyful.

因為如果我們知道我們的情緒會影響到其他人，或者他們的情緒會影響到我們，我們就會想和那些快樂的人在一起。

And another side effect of this is that even transient experiences can affect us in deep ways.

而這樣做的另一個副作用是，即使是短暫的經歷也會對我們產生深刻的影響。

So if I go into a store, you go into a store and the salesperson is expressing genuine joy, you are more likely to give that store higher customer satisfaction rating, you're more likely to spend more time browsing in that store and more likely to say you'll return to that store.

是以，如果我進入一家商店，你進入一家商店，銷售人員表達了真正的喜悅，你更有可能給這家商店更高的客戶滿意度，你更有可能在這家商店花更多時間瀏覽，更有可能說你會回到這家商店。

So small transient thing actually can have an effect on a business's bottom line.

這麼小的瞬時事情實際上可以對一個企業的底線產生影響。

Joy also sharpens our minds.

喜悅也能使我們的思想更加敏銳。

So I think we're used to thinking about joy is something that happens on the weekends, right?

所以我想我們習慣於認為快樂是發生在週末的事情，對嗎？

It's a distraction from our work.

這是對我們工作的一種干擾。

But in fact, um small moments of joy can affect our work in powerful ways.

但事實上，嗯小的快樂時刻可以以強有力的方式影響我們的工作。

So for example, if you are going to see your doctor, probably the last thing you think you want to do is to try to make him laugh.

是以，例如，如果你要去見你的醫生，可能你認為你要做的最後一件事就是試圖讓他笑。

But uh in fact that would probably be a really good thing to do because research has shown that doctors when they are in a state of joy are more likely to come to the correct diagnosis more quickly and they're less likely to be led astray by other symptoms that are not relevant to the condition at hand.

但事實上，這可能是一件非常好的事情，因為研究表明，當醫生處於快樂狀態時，他們更有可能更快得出正確的診斷，而且他們不太可能被與手頭病情無關的其他症狀帶入歧途。

So next time you go to the doctor come prepared with a good joke.

所以下次你去看醫生時，要準備好一個好的笑話。

Um, and same thing is true with business people when business people are making decisions, research shows that they make more accurate decisions when they're in a joyful state of mind and that they consider a broader range of scenarios in the process of making those decisions.

嗯，商業人士也是如此，當商業人士做決定時，研究表明，當他們處於快樂的心態時，他們會做出更準確的決定，而且在做這些決定的過程中，他們會考慮更廣泛的情況。

And some research shows that we are up to 12% more productive in a state of joy.

一些研究表明，我們在快樂的狀態下，工作效率會提高12%。

So we think that joy is a distraction from our success, but that's really not true.

所以我們認為快樂會分散我們成功的注意力，但這真的不是真的。

It's it's almost the opposite.

它是它幾乎是相反的。

Joy also opens us up to new ideas.

喜悅也讓我們打開了新的思路。

So one of the theories behind the evolution of positive emotion is called broaden and build.

是以，積極情緒演變背後的一個理論被稱為拓寬和建立。

And the idea behind Broaden and build is that our negative emotions evolved to narrow our focus to enable us to deal with immediate threats to our survival, to our well being.

拓寬和建立背後的想法是，我們的負面情緒演變為縮小我們的焦點，使我們能夠處理對我們的生存、對我們的福祉的直接威脅。

So that's why when someone makes you angry, you can't think about anything else, right?

所以這就是為什麼當有人讓你生氣時，你無法考慮其他事情，對嗎？

All you can think about is how mad you are and what you want to do about it and how you're going to fix the problem or in the middle of the night, if you hear a noise in the middle of the night, you're not going back to sleep, you're not resting at that moment, you're gonna, you know, narrow your focus to find out exactly what's going on.

你能想到的是你有多生氣，以及你想做什麼，你要如何解決這個問題，或者在半夜，如果你在半夜聽到一個噪音，你不會再去睡覺，你不會在那一刻休息，你會，你知道，縮小你的注意力，找出到底發生了什麼。

So, fear, anxiety, all those emotions narrow our focus in.

是以，恐懼、焦慮，所有這些情緒都使我們的注意力狹窄。

But positive emotions, the theory goes that they evolved for the opposite reason, to broaden our focus to enable us to bill resources for the future being in a positive mindset is an ideal mindset to be in, to play, to learn to grow to explore.

但是，積極的情緒，理論上說，它們的進化是出於相反的原因，以擴大我們的注意力，使我們能夠為未來提供資源，處於積極的心態是一種理想的心態，可以玩耍、學習、成長和探索。

And one of the measures of this is something called cognitive flexibility.

而衡量這一點的標準之一是一種叫做認知靈活性的東西。

So when we are in a state of joy we become more cognitively flexible, were less likely to put things into rigid categories and were more open to seeing things in fluid ways and that enhances our creativity.

是以，當我們處於快樂的狀態時，我們在認知上變得更加靈活，不太可能把事情歸入僵硬的類別，更願意以流動的方式看待事物，這增強了我們的創造力。

And lastly joy makes us more resilient.

最後，快樂使我們更有韌性。

Um So one of the things that small moments of joy can do is that it can counteract the physical effects of stress, the physiological effects.

是以，小小的快樂時刻可以做的一件事是，它可以抵消壓力的生理影響，生理影響。

So elevated cortisol, elevated blood pressure and heart rate.

所以皮質醇升高，血壓和心率升高。

So small moments of joy bring those um those measure down um and they help the body recover from the effects of stress.

是以，歡樂的小時刻使那些嗯，那些措施下降嗯，它們幫助身體從壓力的影響中恢復。

So I think sometimes when we get stressed out we think oh I don't have time for joy or for play or for fun.

是以，我認為有時當我們受到壓力時，我們會想，哦，我沒有時間去享受快樂，沒有時間去玩，沒有時間去玩。

Now, you know, I have to focus, I have to get things done.

現在，你知道，我必須集中精力，我必須把事情做好。

But in fact those little moments of joy actually improve our emotional resilience, especially when we're dealing with difficult times.

但事實上，那些小小的快樂時刻實際上提高了我們的情緒復原力，特別是當我們在處理困難時期。