There are quite a lot of different species around the planet,

在地球上有相當多的不同物種。

which we wouldn't have today if it wasn't for zoos.

如果沒有動物園，我們今天就不會有這些東西。

What do you think an ideal zoo would look like?

你認為一個理想的動物園會是什麼樣子？

Closed.

關閉。

All through history, we've seen royal families,

縱觀歷史，我們已經看到了皇室家族。

powerful people, emperors, have collections of animals.

有權勢的人，帝王，都有動物的收藏。

The king who was a good hunter was probably a good warrior,

善於打獵的國王很可能是個好戰士。

probably protect his people.

可能是為了保護他的人民。

Killing a lion or a bear was a big deal,

殺死一頭獅子或熊是一件大事。

but bringing back a live one showed even more power.

但帶回一個活的，顯示出更大的力量。

Virtually all the history of zoos is about human control of nature.

幾乎所有動物園的歷史都是關於人類對自然的控制。

And it was a way of showing off.

這也是一種炫耀的方式。

Queen Charlotte, her gift to everybody that she liked

夏洛特女王，她送給每個人她喜歡的禮物

was to give them a kangaroo.

是給他們一隻袋鼠。

And eventually we get the first modern zoo opening in London in 1828.

最終我們得到了1828年在倫敦開放的第一個現代動物園。

To be able to suddenly see a giraffe for the first time,

能夠突然第一次看到長頸鹿。

probably it was absolutely bonkers.

可能這絕對是個瘋子。

There wasn't really an appreciation of animals needing certain things

沒有真正欣賞動物需要的某些東西

to have a good life.

以擁有美好的生活。

So you would see them in barren boxes, effectively,

是以，你會看到他們在貧瘠的盒子裡，有效地。

just as you would see a specimen in a natural history museum.

就像你在自然歷史博物館裡看到一個標本一樣。

JON COE: The story was, here's an object

JON COE：這個故事是，這裡有一個物體

divorced from habitat, divorced from evolution.

脫離了棲息地，脫離了進化。

His name is, by the way, knucklehead.

順便說一句，他的名字叫knucklehead。

Knucklehead?!

笨蛋？

Well, as a rule, tapirs are rather stupid and unintelligent.

好吧，作為一項規則，貘是相當愚蠢和不聰明的。

Animals were thought of as basically automatons

動物被認為基本上是自動的

just responding in a reflexive manner,

只是以一種反射性的方式進行迴應。

with no feelings of pain or any kind of emotional depth.

沒有痛苦的感覺或任何形式的情感深度。

But that's really shifted.

但這確實已經轉變了。

Now there's much more of an understanding

現在有了更多的理解

that we really need to look at their own type of intelligence

我們真的需要看一下他們自己的情報類型

and how they live in their world.

以及他們如何生活在自己的世界裡。

The schoolchildren that come here to the wildlife park,

來到這裡的小學生們，在野生動物公園裡。

all of them go away learning the messages that we know for sure

所有的人都走了，學習我們確定的資訊

are going to make a true difference to the animals

將會給動物們帶來真正的改變

back out into the wild.

回到了野外。

The biggest threat to wildlife comes from people,

對野生動物的最大威脅來自於人。

and most people live in cities.

而大多數人都生活在城市裡。

So zoos are very important because they provide an educational opportunity

是以，動物園是非常重要的，因為它們提供了一個教育機會

for people to learn about what the impacts of their daily activities are

讓人們瞭解他們的日常活動有哪些影響

in far away places.

在遙遠的地方。

JON COE: The zoo, by becoming a public attraction, if it's done properly,

JON COE: 動物園，通過成為一個公共景點，如果它做得好的話。

it seems to me like a pretty good idea. The animals have a good life.

在我看來，這是個很好的主意。動物們有一個良好的生活。

People enjoy it. They learn something.

人們喜歡它。他們學到了一些東西。

Hopefully they get involved in conservation.

希望他們能參與到保護中來。

JON MINION: Pretty much all good zoos throughout the world

JON MINION: 世界上幾乎所有好的動物園都是如此。

are participators, or they help to support and fund a whole host

是參與者，或者他們幫助支持和資助了一大批

of in-situ conservation programmes.

的就地保護方案。

And if it wasn't for those programmes,

而如果不是因為這些節目。

the world would be looking very different right now.

世界現在看起來會非常不同。

Zoo populations of animals are insurance populations.

動物園的動物種群是保險種群。

Certain species,

某些物種。

due to what's going on on the planet at the moment,

由於目前地球上正在發生的事情。

the only way that we can stop them from going extinct

我們能阻止他們滅絕的唯一方法

will be to bring them into captivity.

將使他們被囚禁。

As we learn to adapt to things like climate change,

當我們學會適應像氣候變化這樣的事情時。

we are going to see an increasing role for zoos.

我們將看到動物園的作用越來越大。

You can visit zoos all over the world that are just awful.

你可以參觀世界各地的動物園，這些動物園實在是太糟糕了。

You know, they're as bad as they were in the 1920s.

你知道，他們和1920年代一樣糟糕。

ROBERT YOUNG: In the US they don't have very strict animal welfare laws.

羅伯特-楊：在美國，他們沒有非常嚴格的動物福利法。

People can have animals in their back garden and call it a zoo.

人們可以在自己的後花園養動物，並稱其為動物園。

There are more pet tigers in the US than there are tigers in the wild.

美國的寵物老虎比野外的老虎還要多。

The legislation doesn't permit that kind of thing here in the UK,

在英國，立法不允許這種事情發生。

but you can get bad zoos anywhere.

但你可以在任何地方得到糟糕的動物園。

Those are all signs that they're missing out on some important aspect

這些都是他們在某些重要方面缺失的跡象

of how they live in the wild.

他們是如何在野外生活的。

The complexity of providing a good life for some of these animals,

為其中一些動物提供良好生活的複雜性。

it's actually really, really difficult.

這實際上是非常、非常困難的。

There is some evidence that people will know more facts

有一些證據表明，人們會知道更多的事實

about a particular animal, for example,

例如，關於某種特定的動物。

but follow up studies to see if they've actually changed their behaviour

但要進行後續研究，看他們是否真的改變了自己的行為

to benefit conservation,

以利於保護。

there's not much evidence to suggest that is happening.

沒有多少證據表明正在發生這種情況。

The official statistics show that 4% of revenue goes back into conservation.

官方統計顯示，4%的收入會重新用於保護。

I mean, that's minimal. That's very small.

我的意思是，那是最小的。那是非常小的。

And what do you find in zoos?

那麼你在動物園裡能找到什麼呢？

Big cats and elephants and zebra

大貓、大象和斑馬

and things that don't get released back into the wild.

和不被釋放回野外的東西。

So if you want to save the condor,

是以，如果你想拯救禿鷹。

then you can have an in situ conservation programme

那麼你可以有一個原地保護方案

that's based in the country where they come from.

在他們所來自的國家裡，有很多人都是這樣做的。

Most five year olds are experts in dinosaurs.

大多數五歲的孩子都是恐龍方面的專家。

They've never met one or seen one.

他們從來沒有見過一個人，也沒有見過一個人。

The fascination's there,

魅力就在那裡。

and I think the same can be harnessed with animals.

我認為同樣的道理可以用在動物身上。

There's many other technologies that are being developed these days,

現在還有許多其他技術正在開發中。

like awesome CGI, awesome robotics.

像令人敬畏的CGI，令人敬畏的機器人技術。

I think the future holds something really cool

我認為未來會有非常酷的東西

in the sense of learning about animals

在學習動物的意義上

without the detriment of keeping them in captivity.

而沒有把它們囚禁起來的壞處。

Virtual reality with wildlife encounters is really coming on.

與野生動物接觸的虛擬現實技術確實在不斷髮展。

Taking a virtual walk through a herd of elephants in the Serengeti,

在塞倫蓋蒂的大象群中進行虛擬漫步。

I think, is going to be possible pretty soon.

我認為，很快就能實現。

Do you think zoos should exist?

你認為動物園應該存在嗎？

It's kind of strange that we transport all of these animals

我們運輸所有這些動物，這有點奇怪

from far from home and keep them locked up

遠離家鄉，把他們關起來

where you should see what nature has to offer on your doorstep.

在這裡，你應該看到大自然在你家門口提供的東西。

Wildlife documentary, virtual reality -

野生動物紀錄片，虛擬現實 -

none of these things have the same positive emotional impact that a zoo has.

這些東西都不像動物園那樣具有積極的情感影響。

10% of the global population visit zoos every year.

全球每年有10%的人参觀動物園。

People from all walks of life and all social classes.

來自各行各業和所有社會階層的人。

So, I think, without zoos, we'd lose a massive opportunity

是以，我認為，如果沒有動物園，我們將失去一個巨大的機會。

to keep people being interested in the wild environment.

以保持人們對野生環境的興趣。

How can we create a world where we don't need zoos?

我們如何才能創造一個不需要動物園的世界？

What I'm hoping is that we can design super sustainable cities

我所希望的是，我們可以設計出超級可持續發展的城市

so that you don't need to go to a place to see animals.

這樣你就不需要到一個地方去看動物了。

They're all around you.

他們都在你身邊。