Name: 我的鄰居是否決定了我的未來？ (Does My Neighborhood Determine My Future?)
Uploaded: 2022-10-29T16:49:21.000Z
Duration: 22 min 9 s

So, I grew up in a place called McLean, Virginia, right outside of D.C.

所以，我在弗吉尼亞州一個叫麥克萊恩的地方長大，就在華盛頓特區外。

情態副詞

But I, like, split my childhood, basically.

但我，就像，基本上分裂了我的童年。

So we'll start with where I first grew up,

是以，我們將從我最初長大的地方開始。

so I'm really excited to show you guys this.

所以我真的很高興能給你們看這個。

- So this is my hometown. - Wow, that's cool.

- 所以這是我的家鄉。- 哇，這真酷。

We were the only  black family on the block.

我們是這個街區唯一的黑人家庭。

我是我們年級唯一的黑人孩子。

One of three  black families in my school.

我所在學校的三個黑人家庭之一。

And if we look, folks are in  the 99th percentile

而如果我們看一下，人們在99%的比例中

who grew up here when  it comes to average income.

說到平均收入，在這裡長大的人。

We can look at teenage  birth rate-- less than 1%.

我們可以看一下青少年的出生率--不到1%。

Around high school, my folks got divorced and we moved into the city.

在高中時，我的父母離婚了，我們搬到了城裡。

It wasn't till I got to D.C. that I actually had a benchmark

直到我到了華盛頓，我才真正有了一個標杆。

for understanding everyone didn't grow up the way I did.

因為我理解每個人都不是像我這樣長大的。

And it took, you know, my parents getting divorced

你知道，我的父母離婚後，我花了很多時間。

and us moving to the city for me to actually

Zip code influences so much that we have got to make sure

We are keeping people of reasonable means out of neighborhoods.

我們正在把有合理經濟能力的人擋在街區之外。

While I was doing some research, I came across this,

當我在做一些研究時，我看到了這個。

And it's a map that shows you the average life outcomes

而這是一張顯示你的平均生命結果的地圖

for people who grew up in a given census tract.

對於在某一人口普查區長大的人來說。

It's just crazy to think that I may have only

想到我可能只有一個人，這真是太瘋狂了

because I spent the majority of my childhood here

因為我的童年大部分時間是在這裡度過的

But why don't we take a look at where you guys grew up?

但我們為什麼不看看你們在哪裡長大的呢？

- Lee: So, you're,   like in the Bay area. - Christophe: Oh, yeah.

- 李：所以，你，比如在海灣地區。- 克里斯托弗。哦，是的。

- I must have grew up in   Cupertino, California.  - Lee: Okay.

- 我一定是在加州的庫珀蒂諾長大的。  - 李。好的。

Christophe: Majority Asian. Definitely fairly wealthy.

克里斯托弗。亞洲人居多。肯定是相當富有的。

- A lot of, like, tech,   Silicon Valley employees. - Lee: Right.

- 很多，比如，技術，硅谷的員工。- 李。對。

All right. So I'm gonna put in my zip code where I grew up.

好的。所以我要把我長大的地方的郵政編碼填進去。

So I just took you guys to Brooklyn, New York,

所以我剛剛帶你們去了紐約的布魯克林。

Crown Heights, and immediately traveling here,

皇冠高地，並立即在這裡旅行。

Yeah, so, $30k, that makes a lot of sense to me.

是的，所以，3萬美元，這對我來說很有意義。

But is also just-- this shows how segregated

但也只是......這顯示了隔離的程度。

Fabiola: Yeah. So right here at Grand Army Plaza,

法比奧拉：是的。所以就在大軍廣場。

it just looks so different from the blocks

它只是看起來與街區有很大的不同

Let's go to the library. Let's go to the park.

讓我們去圖書館。我們去公園吧。

a lot of the segregation in Crown Heights

to go to this area where the amenities were better.

去這個地區，那裡的設施更好。

Did you notice those neighborhoods being cleaner?

你是否注意到那些街區變得更乾淨了？

Absolutely. And I think the biggest thing was trees.

當然可以。而且我認為最大的事情是樹木。

- Right. - Just like how many trees   do you have on your block?

- 對。- 就像你的街區有多少棵樹？

I think it does something to your psyche where it's like,

我認為它對你的心理有影響，就像。

哦，我覺得我可以更好地呼吸了。

I feel like someone cared enough to beautify this area.

我感覺到有人足夠關心美化這個地區。

Well, guys, thank you for taking the time out to come look at this with me

好了，夥計們，感謝你們抽出時間來和我一起看這個。

- and showing me   where you grew up. - This is so cool.

- 並向我展示你長大的地方。- 這真是太酷了。

我想和紐約大學的這位教授談談

to see if I can get some information and some insight into how we actually got here.

看看我是否能得到一些資訊和一些關於我們究竟是如何走到這一步的見解。

Jacob:  So I think the overarching  important message to take away

雅各布。  是以，我認為最重要的資訊是要帶走

is that segregation was intentionally designed.

- There are a number of-- - Designed by who?

By a wide range of policy makers on the local level

由地方一級的廣泛的政策制定者負責

actually leading a lot of these programs when it came to segregation?

在隔離問題上，實際上上司了很多這些項目？

So the federal government instituted these

massive housing programs during the New Deal

to save a housing market  that was in severe distress.

以拯救陷入嚴重困境的住房市場。

Their first policy  was called the Home Owner's  Loan Corporation,

他們的第一個政策被稱為 "房屋所有者貸款公司"。

Part of H.O.L.C.  was sending appraisers,

H.O.L.C.的一部分是派遣評估員。

real estate appraisers  to hundreds of cities  across the country.

房地產估價師到全國數百個城市。

And these appraisers  would grade neighborhoods  in these cities,

而這些評估師會對這些城市的社區進行分級。

and this is where the term  redlining comes from.

"You cannot resell this house  to a black family."

"你不能把這個房子轉賣給黑人家庭。"

- 雅各布。那麼，讓我解釋一下。

As these appraisers surveyed cities across the United States,

當這些評估師對美國各地的城市進行調查時。

they created maps that they distributed to banks.

他們製作了地圖並分發給銀行。

to decide how risky it would be to provide loans

or mortgage assistance to different neighborhoods around the country,

或抵押貸款援助給全國各地的不同社區。

and each of these maps was assigned a color.

而這些地圖中的每一個都被賦予了一種顏色。

So green indicated this was the most desirable area,

是以，綠色表示這是最理想的區域。

and the map we're looking  at right now is an area

而我們現在看到的地圖是一個區域

我們得到了描述以下內容的文件

the neighborhood  that was being surveyed.

If we take a look at the top, we can see the class and occupation.

如果我們看一下頂部，我們可以看到階層和職業。

We can also see the number of black families in this area,

我們還可以看到這個地區的黑人家庭數量。

and the preferred nomenclature of the 1930s was Negro.

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我的鄰居是否決定了我的未來？ (Does My Neighborhood Determine My Future?)

opportunity

description

determine

average