for punctuation lessons. So, today's lesson is about punctuation. I'm going to focus on

的標點符號課。所以，今天的課程是關於標點符號的。我的重點是

the period, the exclamation mark, and the question mark. Now, you're thinking: why am

句號、感嘆號和問號。現在，你會想

I beginning with these three? Because these are the ends of sentences. Right? These always

我從這三個開始？因為這些是句子的結尾。對不對？這些總是

come at a very specific point in the sentence, always at the end, always with a clear purpose.

在句子的某一特定位置出現，總是在句末，總是有明確的目的。

What is the purpose? A period ends a sentence. Seems simple enough, everybody knows this.

目的是什麼？句號是句子的結尾。看似簡單，人人皆知。

Correct? But it's not that simple. Many, many times I've seen students writing and not putting

對嗎？但事情並非如此簡單。很多很多時候，我看到學生在寫作時並沒有把

the period in the correct place. What...

將句號放在正確的位置。什麼...

Another thing you have to remember about the period is what comes after it is always a

關於句號，你必須記住的另一件事是，句號後面的內容總是一個

capital letter. Okay? Many people forget the capital after a period. A period ends a sentence

大寫字母。好嗎？很多人都會忘記句號後面的大寫字母。句號是句子的結尾

which means it ends a complete idea. Whatever comes after the period is already a new idea.

這意味著它結束了一個完整的構思。句號之後的內容已經是一個新的構思。

Of course, one idea flows to the next idea; one idea builds on the previous idea, but

當然，一個想法會流向下一個想法；一個想法會建立在前一個想法的基礎上，但

they are two separate ideas. When you have completed your sentence, when you have completed

它們是兩個獨立的概念。當您完成了句子，當您完成了

your idea - put a period. And British people call this: "a full stop". Same idea, means:

你的想法--加上句號。英國人稱之為："句號"。同樣的想法，同樣的意思：

full stop, done, next idea. Okay? With a capital letter. Always don't forget the capital letter.

句號，完成，下一個想法。好嗎？用大寫字母永遠不要忘記大寫字母。

Or never forget the capital letter. Okay?

或者永遠不要忘記大寫字母。好嗎？

Another thing to remember about the period is that once you have a sentence with a complete

關於句號，還需要記住的一點是，一旦您在句子中使用了完整的

independent clause and you don't have another independent clause with a conjunction, "and",

獨立分句，並且你沒有另一個帶有連詞"and"的獨立分句、

"but", "so", "or", etcetera or a semi-colon-this is a semi-colon-that means your sentence is

"但是"、"所以"、"或者"等等，或者一個分號--這是一個分號--這意味著你的句子是

finished. If you have two independent clauses in a sentence and you don't have the conjunction,

完成。如果一個句子中有兩個獨立分句，但沒有連詞、

you don't have the semi-colon, means you have a run-on sentence. Okay? A "run-on sentence"

你沒有分號，就意味著你的句子跑題了。明白嗎？跑題的句子

is a sentence that has two subjects, two verbs, no spacing, no conjunction, no period. Okay?

是一個有兩個主語、兩個動詞、無間距、無連詞、無句號的句子。好嗎？

Let's look at an example of a run-on sentence. "Stacey and Claire went shopping at the mall

讓我們來看一個連貫句子的例子。 史黛西和克萊爾去商場購物

with Ted and Alex they bought new clothes." Does this sentence seem okay to you? If it

你覺得這個句子還可以嗎？如果可以

does, there's a problem. Okay? We have "Stacey and Claire" as your subject-sorry, this is

那就有問題了好嗎？我們的主題是 "斯泰西和克萊爾"，抱歉，這是

a "v" actually-"went shopping at the mall". Where? "With Ted and Alex". With who? This

其實是去商場購物，去哪兒？和泰德還有亞歷克斯一起。和誰？這個

is a complete idea. "Stacey and Claire went shopping at the mall with Ted and Alex." Your

斯泰西和克萊爾與泰德和亞歷克斯一起去商場購物。

idea is complete, this is what they did.

想法是完整的，這就是他們所做的。

Now, at the mall, what did they do? "They bought new clothes." I put a period, I put

現在，在商場裡，他們做了什麼？ 他們買了新衣服。

a capital. I have to separate ideas, therefore, two separate sentences. Now, is there any

a 大寫。我必須把想法分開，是以，是兩個獨立的句子。現在，有沒有

other way I can fix this? Of course. I can put a comma after: "Alex," I could put the

我還有其他辦法解決這個問題嗎？當然可以。我可以在："Alex,"後面加一個逗號。

word: "and they bought", in which case, that sentence is fine. "And" joins two independent.

而"And"則將兩個獨立的句子連接起來。

So, every time you're writing... Punctuation, of course, is for writing, not for speaking;

是以，每次寫作時...當然，標點符號是寫出來的，不是說出來的；

we don't see punctuation in speaking. Every time you write, check your sentences. If you

我們在說話時看不到標點符號。每次寫作時，請檢查您的句子。如果您

have two independent clauses, means two subject, subject, verb, and then subject, verb. If

有兩個獨立分句，即兩個主語、主語、動詞，然後是主語、動詞。如果

you have two of these, two combinations of subject and verb without a period between

你有兩個這樣的句子，兩個主語和動詞的組合，中間沒有句號

them, without a conjunction, without a semi-colon - you have a run-on sentence. Okay?

他們，沒有連詞，沒有分號--你有一個跑題的句子。明白嗎？

Just to make sure, here's another sentence. I'll take this away. Something came before.

為了確保萬無一失 這裡還有一句話我把這個拿走之前有東西

"As a result," -of whatever came before-"the police evacuated the tenants of the building

結果，無論之前發生了什麼，警察都疏散了樓裡的住戶

they thought this would be safer." Oh. "The tenants of the building they thought

他們認為這樣更安全。

this would be safer." Wait a minute. What's going on? Where does the sentence end? Where

這樣會更安全。怎麼了？句子在哪裡結束？哪裡

does the idea end? What's the next part of the sentence? Okay? "The police evacuated".

想法是否結束？句子的下一部分是什麼？警察疏散了人群。

Who? "The tenants". Which tenants? "Of the building". Okay? "The building they thought

租戶。那棟樓的租戶。好嗎?

this", no. Okay, "The building that they thought this", no, doesn't make sense. So this must

這"，不。好吧，他們認為這棟樓是這樣的，不，沒道理。所以這一定是

be the next subject, "they thought". Who are "they"? The police. "They thought". What?

他們認為"他們"是下一個主題。他們是誰？警察。 他們認為"是"。什麼？

"This would be safer." So now, I need to put something here. I need to break up these two

現在，我需要在這裡放點東西。我需要把這兩個

sentences because they're two separate ideas. This sentence explains why they did the action

句子，因為它們是兩個獨立的概念。這個句子解釋了他們為什麼做這個動作

in the first sentence.

在第一句中。

So, how can I do it? One way, I could put the period. Put a period, the idea ends, it's

那麼，我該怎麼做呢？一種方法是加上句號。加上句號，這個想法就結束了，它就是

complete. I'm going to the next idea, beginning with a capital "T" for "They". Another way

完成。我的下一個想法是，以大寫字母 "T "開頭，代表 "他們"。另一種方法

I can do is put this. I'm not... Don't worry about a semi-colon today; I'll explain that

我能做的就是把這個我不是...今天不用擔心分號的問題，我會解釋的

another time. But this is one other way to split up two sentences, "; they thought",

另一次。但這也是分割兩個句子的另一種方法，即";他們認為"、

because it's a direct connection, "; they thought this would be safer." Another way

因為這是直接連接，他們認為這樣更安全。

is to put "because". "Because they thought this would be safer." "This" being evacuated

因為他們認為這裡更安全。

the tenants. Right? The situation. Okay, so there are three ways you can fix this. Okay?

租戶。對不對？情況是這樣的好吧，有三種方法可以解決這個問題。好嗎？

So you don't have a run-on sentence.

這樣你就不會有跑題的句子了。

So that's the whole idea of the period. Make sure when your idea is complete, when your

這就是這一時期的整體思路。確保當你的想法完成時，當你的

independent clause is complete and finished, and you're starting a new independent clause,

獨立分句已經完成，您將開始一個新的獨立分句、

put a period to finish the first one. The reader understands: "Okay, this idea is finished.

用句號結束第一句。讀者會明白："好了，這個想法結束了。

I'm getting ready. Okay, give me the next idea. I'm ready for that." Okay? Or join them.

我準備好了好了，給我下一個主意我準備好了，可以嗎？或者加入他們

Okay? To get one full compound sentence which we'll talk about another time as well.

好嗎？為了得到一個完整的複合句 我們下次再談

Let's look at the exclamation mark. Okay? Okay, so now we're going to look at the exclamation

我們來看看感嘆號。好嗎？好了，現在我們來看看感嘆號

mark and the question mark. The thing to remember about these: they work just like the period,

和問號。需要記住的是：它們的作用與句號相同、

meaning that they end the sentence, they end the idea. Question mark I think is pretty

意思是它們結束了句子，結束了概念。問號我覺得很

clear; everybody knows this. There must be a question involved. We're going to look at

大家都知道這一點。這其中一定有問題。我們要看看

that in one second.

在一秒鐘內

Let's look at the exclamation mark, it's short and sweet, to the point. An exclamation mark

讓我們來看看感嘆號，它短小精悍，直奔主題。感嘆號

shows emotion. Okay? It could be shock, surprise, etcetera. Could be anger or it could be a

顯示情緒。好嗎？可能是震驚、驚喜等等。可能是憤怒，也可能是

command. "Stop!" We use an exclamation mark; it's a very strong expression. Subject "you",

命令。 "Stop!"我們使用感嘆號，這是一種非常強烈的表達方式。主語是"你"、

verb "stop". "Stop!" Now, sometimes we can use an exclamation mark with a question mark.

動詞"stop"。 "stop！"現在，有時我們可以用感嘆號加問號。

It's called an interrobang, but you don't need to worry about that word. I just like

這叫 "interrobang"，但你不必擔心這個詞。我只是喜歡

to say it, interrobang, sounds kind of neat.

說它是 "interrobang"，聽起來有點整齊。

"Why are you doing this to me!?" I'm showing... I'm showing emotion; I'm a little bit angry,

你為什麼要這樣對我？我表現出情緒，我有點生氣、

a little bit upset, but I'm also asking you a question. Like: "Why are you doing this?",

但我也在問你一個問題。比如：你為什麼要這麼做？

"Why are you doing this to me!?" Angry, shocked. Anyway, you get the point.

你為什麼要這樣對我？總之，你明白了。

Now, the thing about the exclamation mark is that you should rarely use it. Many students,

現在，關於感嘆號的問題是，你應該很少使用它。很多學生

many native, non-native English users, they like to use an exclamation mark. They think

許多母語為英語的非英語使用者喜歡使用感嘆號。他們認為

every time they're making a strong sentence, they need to show that it's a strong sentence,

每次他們在造一個強有力的句子時，都需要證明這是一個強有力的句子、

but you don't. If you write a clear sentence, a very direct statement - that's enough. You

但你沒有。如果你寫的是一個清晰的句子，一個非常直接的陳述--那就足夠了。你

can use this, but make sure that it is necessary in that situation. Even novelists, creative

可以使用，但要確保在這種情況下是必要的。即使是小說家、創意

writers who have to show emotion in their writing, even they rarely use exclamation

需要在文章中表達情感的作家，即使他們很少使用感嘆詞

marks. And when you do use it, it's that much more powerful. Okay? So try not to use it.

標記。當你使用它的時候，它就會變得更強大。好嗎？所以儘量別用

Especially in academic writing, you have no reason to use it. Okay? You're not showing

尤其是在學術寫作中，你沒有理由使用它。好嗎？你沒有展示

emotion in academic writing. In more creative writing, you can use it, but sparingly. Means

學術寫作中的情感。在更具創造性的寫作中，可以使用，但要慎用。手段

not very often. "Wow!" Okay, put an exclamation mark. But at the end of a sentence, a period

好吧，加個感嘆號。但在句末，句號

works just as well.

也同樣有效。

Now, the thing about a question mark: make sure there's a question. Okay? Let's look

現在，關於問號的事情： 確保有一個問題。好嗎？讓我們看看

at this example here: "What happened last night?"

例如："昨晚發生了什麼？

This is a question. First of all, if you hear it, it goes up at the end. You're asking a

這是一個問題。首先，如果你聽到了，它會在最後出現。你在問一個

question: "What happened last night?"

問："昨晚發生了什麼？

"What happened last night should not have happened."

昨晚發生的事情本不該發生；

Okay? So be careful. This, what we have here... What is this? This is a noun clause, this

好嗎？小心點我們這裡的這個...這是什麼？這是一個名詞性從句，this

is the whole thing is the subject to the verb: "should not have happened". Okay? Make sure

整件事就是動詞的主語："不應該發生"。好嗎？確保

that you understand. Even if it looks like a question, make sure there is actually a

你能理解。即使它看起來像一個問題，也要確保實際上有一個

question there.

那裡的問題。

How do you know there's a question? The subject and verb will be inverted. Right? As in here:

你怎麼知道這是個問題？主語和動詞會顛倒。對不對？就像這裡

"Are you coming?" This is a question. The verb comes before the subject and there's

"你來不來？"這是一個問題。動詞在主語之前，並且有

going to be a question. So let's look at this sentence:

這將是一個問題。讓我們來看看這個句子：

"Are you coming to the Party at Linda's house, it'll be fun."

你來參加琳達家的派對嗎，一定很好玩；

Okay? If I'm speaking, maybe the question mark, you might not hear it because I want

好嗎？如果我在說話，也許問號，你可能聽不到，因為我想

to stress this point more. But is there a question here: "Are you coming to the party

來進一步強調這一點。但這裡是否有一個問題："你來參加聚會嗎？

at Linda's house"? Yes. So this, again, is what we call a run-on sentence. I don't want

在琳達家？是的這就是我們常說的 "跑題句我不想

a comma here, I want the question mark. There's a question, the sentence is pretty much finished.

這裡有個逗號，我要問號。有一個問題，句子就基本完成了。

Interrogative sentence, it's a question, but it's still a sentence. And here, I want the

疑問句是一個問題，但仍然是一個句子。在這裡，我要

capital "I": "It will be fun. Are you coming to the party? Come, come. It'll be fun." Right?

大寫的"我"："會很有趣的。你來參加派對嗎？來吧，來吧。會很有趣的，對吧？

Two separate ideas, each has its own punctuation.

兩個獨立的想法，各有各的標點符號。

So there you have it. Period, exclamation mark, question mark for punctuation, for writing.

就是這樣。句號、感嘆號、問號是寫作的標點符號。

If you're not clear about all of this, come to www.engvid.com; there's a quiz, you can

如果您還不清楚這一切，請訪問 www.engvid.com；這裡有一個測驗，您可以

practice this a little bit more and ask all the questions you need. Okay? See you again soon.

再多練習一下，問所有你需要的問題。好嗎？再見