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  • Hi. Welcome again to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson comes from a few requests from

    嗨,歡迎再次來到www.engvid.com。我是Adam,今天的議題來自一些網路上評論中的需求

  • the www.engvid.com comments section. Some people wanted to know about natural disasters.

    有些人想要知道關於天災的相關英文

  • So what I have here is a bit of a combination of climate vocabulary and natural events.

    所以我這裡有一些氣候與自然現象的單字集合

  • I don't call them "disasters" because, realistically, they're only disasters to humans; to nature,

    我不把他們稱為「災害」,因為,事實上,他們只有對人類來說是災害,對於大自然,

  • they are just events. Okay?

    他們只是一些小事而已,對吧?

  • Before we begin, I want to make sure we understand the difference between "climate" and "weather".

    在我們開始之前,我需要確定我們了解「氣候」與「天氣」的不同

  • "Weather" is the occurrence of nature every day. Today is sunny, tomorrow is raining,

    「天氣」發生在大自然的每一天,今天是晴天,明天是雨天

  • today is a little bit chilly, tomorrow is going to be nice and warm. Every day's situation

    今天有一點寒冷,明天會變好一些和溫暖一些。所有每天的狀況都稱為天氣

  • is the weather. "Climate" is the pattern over usually we talk about a year. So if a country

    「氣候」通常都是我們以一年為討論的形式

  • or a place has four seasons: spring, summer, fall, winter - each season has its own climate;

    所以如果有一個國家或一個地方有四季:春、夏、秋、冬,每個季節都有他們的氣候

  • rainy, hot, humid, whatever the case may be. So we're going to look at climate and natural

    下雨、熱、潮濕,或是其他任何形式。所以我們現在要來看氣候跟自然現象,他們通常是一起發生的

  • events that usually go together. Now, this last year or the past 2 or 3 years have seen

    目前,在去年的時候,或是過去兩三年,

  • some very crazy weather-or sorry-climate events. So I'm going to give you some words to be

    有一些非常瘋狂的氣候,噢不對,是氣候現象。所以我現在要跟你們說一些字,

  • able to discuss these amongst yourselves.

    讓你們能自己討論這些

  • First, we're going to start with: "flood" and "drought". Okay? The "h", the "gh" not

    第一,我們要從「洪水」和「乾旱」開始。還行嗎?「h」和「gh」

  • pronounced. "drought", "flood", like going up. So "flood" is when there's too much water.

    不發音,來一起念「drought」、「flood」,所以「flood」是代表當時有太多水了

  • Very heavy rain, sometimes it's because snow melts too quickly in hills or mountains. All

    非常大的雨,有時候是因為丘陵或山上的雪融化的太快了

  • the water comes into a low place or a flat place, the earth doesn't absorb it quickly

    所有的水來到低處或是平坦的地方,土壤沒辦法快速的吸收它們,

  • enough or the sewage can't take all of it, the pipes, et cetera so all the water rises

    或是水溝無法承受所有的水,還有水管也是,所以所有的水升到

  • up above the ground, goes into your houses, into the subway stations, everywhere. That's

    地面,跑進你的房子、跑進地鐵站,或是到處竄

  • a flood, a flood. "Drought" is the complete opposite. A "drought" is what happens when

    這是洪水、洪水。「乾旱」則是完全相反,乾旱發生在當

  • a region or a place doesn't get water, doesn't get any rain for a very long period of time.

    一個範圍或地方沒有水,長期都沒有下任何的雨

  • Everything dries out, all the crops, all the wheat, and rice, and everything dies. Sometimes

    所有東西都乾掉了,所有農作物、所有麥子、米,所有東西都死掉了。有時候,

  • this leads to a famine. Okay? A "famine" is when there's a lot of people starving. Okay?

    這會導致饑荒。可以嗎?「饑荒」是有很多的人們正在受飢餓所苦。可以嗎?

  • So this is a natural disaster because human beings and animals are starving because everything

    所以這是天災,讓人們和動物因為所有東西都死了而受飢餓所苦

  • died in the drought, there's nothing to eat.

    沒有任何東西吃

  • Okay, next we have: "earthquake". "Quake" basically means shake. An "earthquake" is

    好,接下來我們要來談「地震」。「震」基本上代表搖晃的意思。「地震」是

  • when the earth shakes. Okay? Now, what often happens is when there's an earthquake in the

    地球正在震動。可以嗎?目前,地震通常發生在

  • sea or near the sea, there's often a "tsunami". Now, this is actually a Japanese word. Actually,

    海底或是臨海地區,也常常會有「海嘯」,這實際上是日本的字,實際上,

  • it's two Japanese words, but they are used so commonly that we just take them as an English

    這是兩個日本的字,但現在我們通常把它們當作英文字

  • word now. "Tsunami" means harbor wave. Not so important for you guys right now, but it's

    「海嘯」是海港的大波浪的意思。現在對你們並不是很重要,但它

  • basically a big wave or a big series of waves that after the earthquake, all the water in

    基本上是在地震後發生的一個大波浪或是一連串的大波浪,所有

  • the seas or the oceans starts moving around, sometimes it moves on to the land and just

    海裡的水或是海洋開始移動,有時候它會移動到陸地上或是

  • destroys everything. I think everybody probably remembers the tsunami from 2006 or so in Indonesia,

    毀滅所有東西。我想大家可能會記得發生在大約2006年的南亞大海嘯

  • in that area, very destructive, in Japan a couple of years ago - huge tsunamis.

    在那個地區,是非常有毀滅性的,在幾年前大海嘯也發生在日本

  • Next, this is what we're experiencing lately with climate change, global warming, whatever

    再來,是最近我們正在經歷的氣候變遷,全球暖化,或是

  • you want to call it: "heat waves" and "cold fronts". Now, if you watch the news, the weather

    你想要叫它「熱浪」和「冷鋒」。現在,如果你有在收看新聞、

  • channel, for example, sometimes you'll see something like this, you'll see lines with

    天氣頻道,舉例來說,你會看見一些像這樣的,你會看到有線

  • semicircles moving. Other times, you'll see red lines with triangles moving. The blue

    以半圓的方式移動。其他時間,你會看到紅色的線以三角形的方式移動。藍色線,

  • lines, these are cold fronts, means a very cold mass of air, the cold amount of air is

    它們是冷鋒,代表非常冷的區塊或是空氣,大量的冷空氣

  • moving. The red one, same thing but heat, a lot of heat. Heat waves are very dangerous

    正在移動。紅色線,是相同的,但是代表熱,大量的熱。熱浪是非常危險的

  • because they come very suddenly; it gets very, very hot. A lot of people suffer from it,

    因為它來的很突然,它非常、非常的熱。很多人因此受災,

  • a lot of people die from it. Same with a cold front, suddenly the temperature really, really

    很多人因此死亡。冷鋒也一樣,突然間溫度下降的非常非常快,

  • drops: minus 20, minus 30, minus 40. And again, very, very dangerous; you don't want to be

    負20、負30、負40,還有,非常、非常危險

  • outside when that happens.

    在那發生時你不會想要外出的

  • Next, we'll talk a little bit about snow. Now, the Inuit, that's the natives of Canada

    再來,我們來討論一些關於雪。目前,因紐特人,他們是居住在遙遠的加拿大北邊的當地居民

  • in the far north, they have I think maybe 50 different words for "snow". I'm only going

    我認為他們有超過50個「雪」的不同單字,我現在只會

  • to give you a couple other than "snow". A "blizzard" is a very heavy snowstorm. Okay?

    給你們一些。「大風雪」代表非常大的暴風雪。可以嗎?

  • Lots of, lots, and lots, and lots, and lots of snow. Very white. If you live in a hot

    非常多、非常多、非常多、非常多的雪。非常白,如果你住在炎熱的

  • country, you don't know what this is, but it's actually very beautiful but very dangerous,

    國家,你不會知道那是什麼,但事實上它是非常美麗的卻也很危險

  • not fun to drive in, not fun to walk in. Just fun... Nice to look at, that's it. A "squall"

    駕駛是不好玩的、走路也是不好玩的,就只有,,,看起來好玩,就這樣。「颮」

  • is like a blizzard except that it's very sudden, very short, and very intense. So sometimes

    它就像「blizzard」但它發生的非常突然、非常短、非常強烈。所以有時候

  • a squall will come in. You have like sunshine, pretty day. It's cold, but, you know, it's

    颮來的時候,你正享受一個陽光、美好的一天。很冷,但你知道,這是

  • winter, but sunny. Then suddenly, you can't see anything, everything is white. Just snow,

    冬天,不是晴天。然後,突然間,你看不到任何東西,所有東西都變成白色。就在這時,

  • snow, snow, like you can't see past two feet in front of you. And then, 10 minutes later,

    雪、雪,你無法看見前方兩呎以內的任何東西。然後,十分鐘過後、

  • half an hour later, it's gone and it's sunny again. We call this a "snow squall".

    半小時後,它走了,天也再次放晴。我們叫它「雪颮」

  • Okay. I know all of you know this word: "storm", but do you know the different types of storms

    好,我知道你們都知道「風暴」這個字,但你知道你曾經經歷的不同型態的風暴嗎?

  • that you can experience? You can have an "icestorm". An "icestorm" is when it seems to be raining,

    你可能有過「冰雪風暴」。「冰雪風暴」是似乎要下雨了,

  • except that it's not rain drops, it's little, little tiny ice particles. They fall on a

    但降下來的不是雨,而是小小的、小小的冰粒。他們會降在

  • tree and become ice. They fall everywhere and become ice. So in Toronto, that's where

    樹上然後變成冰。他們降在任何地方然後變成冰。所以在多倫多,就是我們現在在的地方,

  • we are today, in Toronto this winter, we had an icestorm. Overnight, all the ice fell.

    在多倫多的冬天,我們會有冰雪風暴。前一晚,所有冰降下來,

  • In the morning, trees started falling down. Why? Because all the branches were covered

    在早上的時候,樹開始倒塌。為什麼呢?因為所有的樹枝都被冰覆蓋

  • in ice and became so heavy that it-boom-crashed on top of cars, on top of people, on top of

    然後變的太重了,所以它們墜落在車子上、掉到人身上、砸在

  • everything. Power was out for a long time. Not much fun.

    任何東西上。會停電很長一段時間,不是很好玩。

  • In desert places, like in the Sahara Desert, you have a "sandstorm" where suddenly a big

    在沙漠地區,像是撒哈拉沙漠,你會經歷「暴風沙」,突然間一陣

  • wind carries all this sand, and you can't see anything, and it gets in your eyes, and

    大風帶來所有沙,你看不到任何東西,然後它會跑進你的眼睛,

  • not much fun. "Thunderstorm", lots of thunder. "Lightningstorm", lots of lightning. "Hail",

    不是很好玩。「雷暴雨」有很多雷聲,「閃電風暴」有很多閃電,「冰雹」

  • "hail" are little pieces of ice about this big, and they drop, and they hit you on the

    「冰雹」是一些小粒的冰,大概像這樣大,然後它們降下來,它們會打到你的

  • head and they're a little painful. "Rainstorm", "duststorm", all kinds of storms. Always one

    頭,會有點痛。「暴雨」、「沙塵暴」,各式各樣的風暴。都是一個字的,

  • word. "Icestorm", one word. "Sandstorm", one word. Not two separate words.

    「Icestorm」,一個字,「Sandstorm」,一個字。不將他們拆為兩個字

  • Now, students often ask me: "What is the difference between a hurricane, a typhoon, and a cyclone?"

    現在,學生常常問我:「颶風、颱風、和暴風有什麼不同?」

  • Sometimes tornado and monsoon. "Hurricane", "typhoon", and "cyclone", same idea, it's

    有時候還有龍捲風和季風。「颶風」、「颱風」、「旋風」,是相同的意思,

  • a big circling storm that comes over land and destroys everything. A "hurricane" happens

    它是一個大的盤旋風暴入侵陸地並且毀滅一切。「颶風」發生在

  • in the Atlantic Ocean and sometimes in the Northeast Pacific. Mostly it's in the Atlantic

    大西洋,有時候也在太平洋的東北方。大多數在大西洋,

  • and that's why it hits the States and Mexico all the time. "Typhoon" is in the Northwest

    這也是為什麼它總是侵襲美國和墨西哥。「颱風」發生在

  • Pacific Ocean, hits Japan, Philippines, all those countries there. A "cyclone" happens

    太平洋的西北方,侵襲日本、菲律賓,和所有在那裡的國家。「旋風」發生在

  • in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans, hitting India and countries in that area. A "tornado",

    太平洋南邊和印度洋,侵襲印度和在那個區域的國家。「龍捲風」

  • a "tornado" is like a tiny little hurricane except it's very localized, very small area,

    「龍捲風」就像個小型的颶風,但它是非常本地的、非常小範圍的

  • happens on land. These all happen... These all begin in the ocean. This happens on land

    發生在陸地上。它們通通都發生,它們通通都從海上開始。它們在陸地上時

  • like a little wind spins really, really fast and just destroys everything on its way. Mostly

    就像個旋轉小風,非常、非常快速,並且摧毀路徑上的所有東西,大部分

  • it happens in the U.S. in the middle of the United States. And a "monsoon", a "monsoon"

    發生在美國的中部。還有「季風」,「季風」

  • is like a very, very heavy wind and rainstorm. Usually hits India and Southeast Asia, those

    有非常大的風和暴風雨。通常侵襲印度和東南亞,

  • areas there.

    那些在那裡的地方

  • Then, sometimes... These are natural events, they're not necessarily connected to climate,

    然後,有時候,有先自然現象,它們不需要和氣候有關聯

  • but the climate does help. A "mudslide", sometimes you see like there's too much rain or too

    但氣候也有幫到忙。「山崩」,有時候你看到降雨量很大,或是有太多的

  • much deforestation, too many trees have been cut down from a mountain. These trees, the

    森林濫砍,山上有很多樹都被砍掉了。這些樹,

  • roots of these trees hold the earth together. Not enough trees or too much water and half

    樹根一起抓住土壤。樹不夠或太多水

  • the mountain-vloop-just slides off the mountain. It's mud, you know mud like sand and water

    一半的山,(咻~)就從山上滑下來了。這是泥,你知道泥是沙和水變成的,

  • becomes mud just slides off and buries everything underneath it. An "avalanche" is like a mudslide

    滑下來和埋住了下面的所有東西。「雪崩」很像山崩,

  • except that it's snow. In the mountains, you have lots of snow, lots of snow. Then eventually

    只是它是雪。在有很多雪的山上,很多雪。它們最終

  • gets too thick and heavy, and just starts falling down and burying everything underneath it.

    變的太厚而且太重,就開始滑下來並且埋住下面的所有東西

  • And then you have a "volcanic eruption". A "volcano" is like a... Sort of like a little

    再來是「火山爆發」。「火山」就是...有點像小山,

  • mountain, but very hot inside with magma or lava is another way to say it. Then just-poof-blows.

    但裡面有非常熱的岩漿和熔岩,是另外一種說法。然後,(噗~),充氣。

  • In Iceland a few years ago, a volcano exploded, all the ash covered the air-woop, sorry-all

    很多年以前在冰島,有個火山爆發,所有的火山灰覆蓋住空氣,抱歉,

  • the ash and you couldn't see anything, and flights couldn't take off from Northern Europe.

    所有的火山灰,然後你看不到任何東西,飛機不能從北歐起飛

  • Very bad situation.

    非常糟糕的狀況

  • So this is what happens. This is the Earth we live on, we deal with it, but we also like

    就是這樣的情況。這就是我們所住的地球,我們和它相處著,我們也喜歡現在討論它、

  • to talk about it now and again, and now, hopefully, you have some vocabulary to use in that discussion.

    不斷討論它,現在,希望,你有以些在討論中能使用的單字

  • Of course, you can test yourself at www.engvid.com, there's a quiz, come by and try it out. And

    當然,你也可以在www.engvid.com上測驗你自己,那裡有個小考試,過來試試吧

  • we'll see you again soon.

    然後,我們下次見囉

Hi. Welcome again to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson comes from a few requests from

嗨,歡迎再次來到www.engvid.com。我是Adam,今天的議題來自一些網路上評論中的需求

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