One of those choices could be bad for your health.

其中一個選擇可能對你的健康不利。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

這是 BBC 學英文的新聞評論節目。我是 Neil。

And I'm Sian. Make sure you watch to the end to learn vocabulary about today's story.

我是 Sian。記得看完這支影片才能學到關於今天故事的重要詞彙。

And don't forget to subscribe to our channel, like this video and try the quiz on our website.

不要忘記訂閱我們的頻道，按讚這支影片視頻並到我們網站上進行測驗。

Now, our story.

接下來進入主題。

Staying up late into the night.

熬夜到深夜。

For some people, it's just the way they prefer to live.

對某些人來說，這只是他們喜歡的生活方式。

But it may be affecting their health.

但這可能會影響他們的健康。

New research from the US found that night owls may be more likely to develop heart disease and diabetes.

美國的新研究發現夜貓子可能更容易患心臟病和糖尿病。

It's because people who get up early, burn fat for energy more easily.

這是因為早起的人，更容易燃燒脂肪作為能量。

You've been looking at the headlines, Sian, what's the vocabulary?

Sian，你看過今天要學習的新聞頭條了，要學哪些詞彙呢？

Okay, we have 'night owl', 'chronic' and 'prone to'.

我們有 「夜貓子」、「慢性的」 和 「 易於」。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是 BBC 英文學習的新聞評論節目。

Let's have a look at our first headline.

讓我們看一下我們的第一個新聞標題。

Okay, this one is from Sky News: Early birds or night owl? How your sellp cycle puts you at risk of heart disease and diabetes.

這個來自《天空新聞台》：早起的鳥兒還是夜貓子？ 不同的睡眠週期會讓你面臨患心髒病和糖尿病的風險。

So, the headline asks what kind of sleep pattern you have?

所以，標題問的是你有什麼樣的睡眠模式？

Do you prefer to stay up late? Or, do you like getting up early? And there are two expressions in there for those two situations.

你喜歡熬夜嗎？或者，你喜歡早起嗎？而對於這兩種情況有兩個表達方式 。

What are they?

是什麼呢？

Okay, so the one we're going to look at is 'night owl'. What can you tell me about owls, Neil?

那麼我們要看的是「夜貓子」。關於貓頭鷹，你能告訴我什麼， Neil？

Well, owls are a type of bird and they stay up late.

貓頭鷹是一種鳥，牠們會熬夜。

They stay up all night and they are very active at night.

牠們整夜不睡，在夜間非常活躍。

That's when they do their work, which is hunting in this case.

那是牠們做工作的時候，在這種情況下就是打獵。

Exactly. And so we call people who stay up late 'night owls'.

正是如此。所以我們把熬夜的人稱為 「夜貓子」。

It means they stay up late, but also they are mentally or physically active at night.

這意味著牠們熬夜，但牠們在夜間的精神或身體上也很活躍。

What about the opposite, Neil?

那相反的情況呢？

Well, we can also see in the headline the expression 'early bird' which comes from the saying 'the early bird catches the worm'.

我們也可以在標題中看到「早起的鳥兒」這種用法，源自於「早起的鳥兒有蟲吃」這個俗語。

And it describes someone who likes to get up early.

它用在來形容喜歡早起的人。

There are other ways of saying that as well.

也有其他的說法。

You can call someone 'an early riser' or 'a morning person'.

你可以稱某人為 「an early riser 」或 「a morning person」。

Which one are you, Sian?

你是哪一個呢，Sian？

I used to be a night owl and I think, naturally, I'm a night owl, but I wanna be a morning person, so I've made myself become one. How about you?

我曾經是個夜貓子，我天性也是個夜貓子，但我想成為一個早起的人，所以我我成功讓自己改變了。你呢？

Well, the same, yeah. I like staying up late, but it's never a good idea.

我也一樣。我喜歡熬夜，但這絕不是一個好主意。

Let's have a look at that again.

讓我們再看一下這個用法。

Let's have our next headline.

讓我們來看看下一個頭條新聞。

This one is from CNN: Night owls at high risk of certain chronic diseases, study says

這個來自 CNN：研究稱夜貓子罹患某些慢性病的風險很高

The headline is saying that night owls - that's the expression we just looked at - are at a higher risk of developing chronic diseases.

標題的意思是，夜貓子，也就是我們剛剛看到的用法，他們罹患慢性疾病的風險較高。

And that's the word we're looking at - 'chronic'.

而我們要學習的用法是「慢性的」。

And if we use 'chronic' to describe an illness, it means it's long lasting, so it doesn't go away.

如果我們用「慢性的」來描述一種疾病，這意味著它持續很久，不會消失。

For example, if I hurt my back in an accident and the pain lasts forever, I can say I have chronic pain or a chronic backache.

例如，如果我在一次意外中傷到了我的背部，而背一直疼痛，我可以說我有慢性疼痛或慢性背痛。

Yeah, and in a medical sense the opposite of that is 'acute'.

是的，在醫學意義上，與此相反的是 「急性」。

So, if you hurt your back, but you get better after a couple of weeks, that is not chronic pain, that is acute pain.

如果你的背部受傷，但幾周後你就會好轉，這不是慢性疼痛，這是急性疼痛。

We use this word, though, chronic, for more than just illnesses, don't we, Sian?

不過，我們不僅僅在疾病上用這個詞，對嗎？

That's right. We can use it to describe situations which are long lasting and bad.

沒錯。我們可以用它來描述那些長期存在的、不好的情況。

So, for example, we can talk about chronic unemployment, or we can say there is a chronic shortage of doctors.

例如，我們可以談論長期失業問題，或者我們可以說長期缺乏醫療人力。

Yeah, and as you said that is for bad situations and in fact, in slang, you can use the word 'chronic' on its own just to mean bad.

沒錯，正如你所說，那是針對不好的情況，事實上也是如此。在俚語中，你也可以用 chronic 這個字本身來表示不好的意思。

So, for example, did you see that new detective drama on TV? It was chronic!

舉例來說，你看過新的偵探劇了嗎？超爛的！

Acting was terrible.

演技很糟糕。

And one more thing to note about the pronunciation, so the spelling and pronunciation, are a bit tricky.

還有一件事要注意，就是關於發音的問題，它的拼音和發音都有點複雜。

Normally, when we see c-h, it's pronounced /tʃ/, like cheese.

通常情況下，當我們看到 c-h，它的發音是 /tʃ/，像起司。

But here it's /k/, so /ˈkrɑː.nɪk/.

但這裡是發 /k/ 的音，唸作 /ˈkrɑː.nɪk/。

Let's take a look at that one more time.

讓我們再看看這個用法。

Our next headline, please.

我們的下一個頭條新聞。

This one's from the Guardian: Night owls may be more prone to heart disease and diabetes, study finds

這篇來自《衛報》：研究發現，夜貓子可能更容易患心髒病和糖尿病

So, in this headline we see that word 'night owls' again, and it's saying that people who stay up late are more likely to develop diseases.

在這個標題中我們又看到 「夜貓子 」這個詞，並且它說熬夜的人更有可能罹患疾病。

And we're looking at the expression 'prone to'.

我們要學的是「 易於」這個用法。

That's right. So, if you're prone to something, it means you are likely to be affected by something bad.

沒錯，如果你「易於...」這表示你可能會受到一些壞事的影響。

So, for example, smokers are prone to lung disease or professional footballers are prone to leg injuries.

舉例來說，吸菸者容易罹患肺部疾病，或職業足球運動員很容易出現腿部受傷。

So, the structure is 'prone to' followed by something bad.

所以，這個用法的結構是「易於」，後面接不好的東西。

Yeah, and we also use this expression 'prone to' to describe certain negative types of behaviour that people have in their personality.

我們也用「易於」來形容人們性格中的某些負面行為類型。

So, for example, if someone doesn't tell the truth a lot, we can say they are prone to lying.

所以，比如說，如果有人經常不說實話，我們可以說他們易於撒謊。

Or someone that exaggerates a lot, can be prone to exaggeration.

或者一個經常誇大其詞的人，易於出現誇張的情況。

And we have another phrase which is 'accident prone'.

我們還有一個片語，就是「容易發生意外」。

So, if someone is accident prone then they tend to have a lot of accidents.

如果有人是 accident prone，那麼他們往往會發生很多意外。

Yeah, but be careful, you can't just create an adjective like that by adding 'prone' at the end.

是的，但要小心，你不能隨便創造一個在後面加上 prone 的形容詞。

Accident prone is a set expression.

「容易發生意外」是一個固定用法。

We wouldn't say, 'lying prone'.

我們不會說 lying prone。

Okay, let's have a look at that again.

讓我們再看看這個用法。

We've had 'night owls', people who stay up late and are active at night.

我們學了 「夜貓子」，也就是那些熬夜並在夜間活動的人。

'Chronic', it's bad and it lasts a long time.

「慢性的」表示很糟糕而且能持續很長時間。

And 'prone to' - likely to be affected by something bad.

而「易於」的意思是可能會受到一些壞事的影響。

Don't forget there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.

不要忘記到我們的網站 bbclearningenglish.com 上進行小測驗。

Thank you for joining us and goodbye.

感謝你觀看，再見。

Goodbye.

再見。