Placeholder Image

字幕列表 影片播放

  • [MUSIC PLAYING]

  • ANA CORRALES: Hi, everyone.

  • Welcome to Talks at Google.

  • I'm Ana Corrales, the COO of Devices and Services.

  • I just wanted to mention that if you have questions,

  • we definitely want to capture those in the live chat.

  • That will be on your right.

  • And also, if you ask questions, we're

  • going to be giving you a copy of Guy Raz's new book, which

  • is super exciting.

  • So definitely an extra incentive for you

  • guys to think of great questions.

  • It's really my honor to introduce

  • today's guest, Guy Raz.

  • Many of you probably hear him every day,

  • because he has about 14 million people who

  • listen to him a month.

  • I'm one of those people.

  • And definitely, we want to welcome him into Google.

  • So let's bring up Guy.

  • And then I will do his formal introduction.

  • GUY RAZ: Hello.

  • ANA CORRALES: Thank you so much for joining us at Google.

  • It's really a pleasure to have you here.

  • Let's introduce you a little bit.

  • I know there's so much to talk about.

  • Let's start with the fact that you're a native Californian.

  • So we love you for that already.

  • And you are also the host and editorial director of NPR.

  • You have three shows.

  • I think you're one of the few people who have three very

  • popular shows in the top 20.

  • So, another one of your big accomplishments.

  • One of them is the "TED Radio Hour,"

  • which I believe is one of the fastest growing podcasts

  • in NPR, so congratulations.

  • The second one is "How I Built This,"

  • and that's the basis of your book

  • that we'll be discussing today that just released last week,

  • I think on September 15.

  • So congratulations on that for you.

  • And then, you have one that's near and dear

  • to my heart, which is "Wow in the World," which

  • is the first ever podcast for kids.

  • I think adults could get a lot out of that, too.

  • In addition to that, before you did all these podcasts,

  • you've had this incredible career that started very early.

  • And I think you were also a [INAUDIBLE] fellow at Harvard,

  • which was super impressive.

  • And I think you have so many awards,

  • I don't think I can go through all of them.

  • But I can definitely say that you

  • had your work in Iraq contributed

  • to many very prestigious awards for you and also for NPR.

  • Your work has contributed to the Peabody Award.

  • So now you're an author.

  • So if that wasn't enough, you're adding author to your resume.

  • And like I said, you've just written "How I Built This,"

  • and that came out last week.

  • So that's really what we're hoping

  • to discuss with you today.

  • On a personal basis, you're married.

  • You have two kids.

  • And from what I hear, you really love baseball, too.

  • So we can obviously wave that in.

  • So, really welcome to Google, Guy,

  • and thank you for joining us today.

  • GUY RAZ: Thank you for having me.

  • I think if I was watching that introduction, I would say, God,

  • I really hate that person.

  • They just sound like an overachiever.

  • And I would say that is the Facebook version of my life,

  • right?

  • The highlight reel.

  • And of course, it sounds very impressive,

  • but there are lots of very difficult, challenging,

  • catastrophic moments of failure throughout the--

  • ANA CORRALES: In between.

  • GUY RAZ: --throughout those times,

  • and but I'm very fortunate to have had an interesting career

  • and to be able to tell stories and to do "How I Built This."

  • And by the way, great news is that last year,

  • at the end of last year, I stepped down

  • from "TED Radio Hour."

  • And now, the show has a new, incredible host,

  • named Manoush Zomorodi.

  • So you should still check out the show.

  • It's still a great show.

  • And thank you for welcoming me.

  • ANA CORRALES: No, that was a good one for sure.

  • No, thank you.

  • Just one comment-- I would say I really sympathize with the fact

  • people see your career in LinkedIn or in your bio

  • or in Wikipedia, and they just assume that there was never

  • a tear, never a sweat, never a dire moment,

  • and that couldn't be further from the truth.

  • I think every successful person has always had that.

  • GUY RAZ: There were anti-depressants.

  • There were moments on the floor lying, crying with anxiety.

  • Yes, all those things.

  • ANA CORRALES: [INAUDIBLE] crying for sure.

  • All right, let's start because I want to get through.

  • We have so many questions that people submitted.

  • And we hope to get even more through this talk.

  • So the first one is, let's start with the pandemic.

  • It's such an important part of what's happening in the world

  • right now.

  • You have such a wide perspective.

  • I would love to hear what, for you, was

  • really surprising, both professionally and personally

  • through this pandemic.

  • GUY RAZ: I think I've been surprised at human resilience.

  • I mean, we've seen stories and we've read stories about--

  • certainly in this country, because it's easy.

  • It's been easy to live in the United States

  • for the last 50 years for most of us.

  • And we've read stories of people living in London

  • during the Blitz and people withstanding

  • hardship during wartime.

  • And of course, I wouldn't compare

  • this to living in London during the Blitz

  • or during wartime conditions.

  • But it's not that far off, in some ways.

  • And I think that what's been pretty remarkable to me

  • is to see how resilient Americans can be.

  • I think it's-- and people around the world.

  • I think it's been a really challenging time.

  • And we have adapted.

  • It's not ideal.

  • I think most of us wish that we didn't have to work from home

  • and that we could see our friends

  • and our loved ones and our colleagues.

  • And but at the same time, I think

  • that we have managed as best as possible.

  • And so, that's been pretty great.

  • It's been a silver lining during an otherwise challenging

  • and often bleak time.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah.

  • OK, you are now--

  • you've been a journalist your whole career.

  • You're always interviewing people.

  • Now you're getting interviewed.

  • You're writing a book.

  • How does it feel to be on the other side?

  • Would love to hear that.

  • And then, also, you're launching a book in the pandemic.

  • So how has that experience been for you so far?

  • GUY RAZ: Yeah, I love talking to people.

  • I love pulling stories out of people.

  • I love triggering memories.

  • That's what I do.

  • That's why I get out of bed in the morning, because I love

  • hearing other people's stories, because I

  • think that's how we learn about the world

  • and how we learn about ourselves.

  • And we see ourselves in the stories of others.

  • And what I try to do with the people I interview

  • is to humanize them.

  • The people that we venerate and might--

  • I don't know-- sort of put on a pedestal

  • and think of as heroes are actually ordinary people who

  • have their own anxieties and challenges

  • and dealt with their own crises and struggles.

  • In my case, I mean, it's true that I

  • have spent most of my time asking the questions.

  • And now, the tables have turned.

  • And it's incredibly heartwarming and gratifying

  • to hear that people are interested in me.

  • Because I just think of myself as--

  • we all have our own self-image.

  • Why would somebody be interested in me?

  • But it's really nice to see that people

  • are interested in me and in the book and in the shows that I do

  • and in the content that I create.

  • And it's also a chance for me to connect

  • with the people who are moved or touched or affected or inspired

  • by the work I do.

  • Because that's why I do it.

  • I do it for that reason.

  • I do it for you guys, for the people

  • who are here and watching and listening.

  • That's why I do it.

  • So it's been a very interesting experience so far.

  • I will say, in terms of launching

  • a book in the midst of a pandemic, originally,

  • I would have been on a two-week book tour

  • around the country and then overseas.

  • ANA CORRALES: Did you consider pushing it,

  • like so many people are doing?

  • Just pushing everything to the right,

  • hoping that it's better later?

  • GUY RAZ: No, because this is going to last for a long time.

  • I think this sort of pandemic and even

  • after there's a vaccine or we feel more comfortable,

  • I think people will still be reluctant to go

  • to live events for a while.

  • I think we're going to live with this for quite some time.

  • So the reality is, we have to adapt.

  • The downside is I don't get to interact personally

  • with the people who listen to the show

  • and have been inspired by it.

  • The upside is--

  • ANA CORRALES: I know, because we would

  • be in a big room full of people for you--

  • GUY RAZ: That's right.

  • ANA CORRALES: --at Google, so yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: Right, and I've been to Google's campus

  • and have spoken there before, and it's just

  • wonderful to be there.

  • The upside is, I've been able to have hundreds of conversations.

  • I mean, so many since early August,

  • when podcasts and these kinds of events.

  • And so, that's been great.

  • I've been able to talk about the book and answer questions

  • and to do it efficiently because I'm not going anywhere.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah, no, totally.

  • It's a lot more efficient, that's for sure.

  • I know you've spoken to so many people

  • throughout your different shows, your experience

  • as a journalist, I think 6,000 and above.

  • Then you started your podcast.

  • And then, you sort of wrote this book.

  • But your first episode, I believe,

  • was with Sara Blakely, who was the founder of Spanx.

  • And I was just wondering if you could describe why

  • you picked her, why that story.

  • Would love to get your thoughts on that.

  • GUY RAZ: Yeah, I mean, there was a few things--

  • well, many things that we did very deliberately

  • at the beginning.

  • I thought of how I built this as--

  • I've never thought of it as a business show.

  • I've always thought of it as a show about human journeys.

  • So it's like a hero's journey.

  • If you know Joseph Campbell and you

  • know the notion of a hero's journey,

  • you will find that in every episode of "How I Built This,"

  • there's a narrative arc, and you will hear from somebody

  • who had a crazy idea, encountered doubters, found

  • a mentor, the mentor died, slayed a dragon,

  • almost died themselves, obviously not literally,

  • but metaphorically.

  • And so, really from the outset, I

  • wanted this to be a show about human journeys

  • because that's really how we learn.

  • Whether we're entrepreneurs or acting

  • in an entrepreneurial way or we want to introduce a disruptive

  • idea into the world, we learn through stories,

  • through other people's mistakes and triumphs and failures

  • and so on.

  • And when it came to Sara Blakely,

  • it was a very deliberate decision.

  • By that point, I had interviewed probably 15 or 20 people.

  • And we had 10 or 12 episodes fully produced at that point.

  • And the reason why I started with Sara Blakely

  • was because I wanted to signal that this show was going

  • to be a different kind of show, a different kind of business

  • show.

  • So a business show that's not really a business show,

  • but also a business show that wasn't

  • focused on the usual suspects.

  • Of course, we were going to have well-known titans of industry

  • as well.

  • But I wanted to signal that this was

  • going to be a show that was going

  • to focus on a broad range of people and of subjects

  • and of products and services, that it wasn't

  • going to be just a tech show.

  • In fact, very few of our episodes

  • have been about tech companies.

  • That it was going to be a show about people

  • that we could identify with.

  • So, Sara Blakely was a very deliberate choice.

  • And what's been interesting for us

  • is that "How I Built This," despite the fact that I'm a man

  • and that it is in the business category,

  • we have a considerably larger audience of women

  • than we do of men, which is unusual for most business

  • shows.

  • Most business shows--

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah, did not know that, actually.

  • Yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: --skew heavily towards male listeners.

  • And ours skews toward women listeners.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah.

  • Oh, well, that's super helpful.

  • I did not know that, so that makes a lot of sense.

  • And yeah, I think your podcasts have gone from pita chips all

  • the way to Airbnb.

  • So it's a wide range for sure.

  • And talking about that wide range,

  • and you open with this when I did your intro,

  • failure is such an important component,

  • and people hear about failure--

  • they hear it, but I don't think they really grasp it.

  • And they see somebody as accomplished as you,

  • with everything you've done and been recognized for.

  • Why is failure so important, especially for entrepreneurs,

  • and failure so important for innovation?

  • Talk to me about your thoughts around that.

  • GUY RAZ: Well, I mean, here, I'm talking

  • to Google, which is where you've got the Google X,

  • and you've got all these sort of moonshot projects.

  • And failure is rewarded.

  • We learn from failure much more so than we do from the success.

  • Oftentimes, I receive a pitch from a PR person,

  • and it goes like this.

  • And we receive about 1,000 pitches a week for the show.

  • And we can only do 40 to 45 episodes a year.

  • And the pitch will be something like this.

  • My client is a Forbes 25 under 20 or 25 under 25.

  • They are a billionaire.

  • They launched this 10 companies and sold them.

  • They're a world class gymnast and a ballroom dancer

  • and on and on, just a list of successful.

  • And when I get emails like that, I usually just hit Delete.

  • Because that's not interesting.

  • ANA CORRALES: Tell me why.

  • GUY RAZ: That's not interesting.

  • What's interesting is to find out

  • how this person actually struggled

  • and what mistakes this person made.

  • Because if I'm bringing somebody to "How I Built This,"

  • implicit in their appearance on the show

  • is that they've succeeded, right?

  • In some way, they've had some impact

  • on our culture in some way through a product or service

  • that they've brought to bear, right?

  • If all we're talking about is the next success

  • and the next success and the next success,

  • and you're listening to that, and you're

  • dreaming of building something, how can you actually

  • relate to that?

  • How is that going to be helpful for you?

  • And so, my job is to kind of be an avatar for our listeners,

  • not just people who are dreaming of building a business

  • or who are in the middle of building a business

  • or who are in the thick of it, and that

  • is a significant segment of our audience,

  • but people who work for big companies, also

  • who are thinking about trying to introduce

  • an entrepreneurial idea within their organization.

  • So my job is to be your representative and your avatar

  • and to think, what is going to serve you as a listener?

  • How are you going to benefit from this person?

  • Because I have access to Howard Schultz and Sara Blakely

  • and Richard Branson.

  • I'm very lucky.

  • I have that access, by the way, not

  • because I'm special or smart or famous or any of that.

  • It's because I have a big audience.

  • We're very fortunate--

  • ANA CORRALES: You've earned it.

  • That's fundamentally there.

  • GUY RAZ: Well, earned it or got lucky or whatever.

  • The point is, is that we're very fortunate.

  • We have a big audience.

  • And if you replaced me with Joe Smith or some random person

  • with the same audience, they would also

  • be able to attract these people.

  • What I'm trying to do is to say, look, I have this access,

  • and I'm going to use it to benefit

  • the people who listen to the show because that's my job.

  • That's my role.

  • And so, we are very deliberate in how

  • we sort of focus on failure.

  • Because of course, success is embedded within the story.

  • And we will hear about it.

  • But failure is really where we can learn from that person.

  • And it's also the touch touchpoint

  • where that person shows their generosity.

  • Because when people can talk about their failures,

  • they're actually showing their vulnerability.

  • ANA CORRALES: And their humility, yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: And that's crucial.

  • That's key.

  • We need to hear and see that vulnerability.

  • ANA CORRALES: Well, one question related to that,

  • do you, after all these interviews and all

  • this experience you've had, do you

  • think that entrepreneurial spirit is something

  • you're born with, or it's something you

  • develop, or is it a mindset?

  • You talked about sort of discarding

  • the 20-year-old phenom.

  • What's the range of people you see?

  • Describe what you see relative to that.

  • Because I think some people feel,

  • oh, if I wasn't an entrepreneurial baby,

  • it's done for me.

  • I don't believe that personally.

  • What's your take?

  • GUY RAZ: Yeah, I agree.

  • I think it's nonsense.

  • First of all, Ana, as you know-- and we just

  • posted this on our Twitter feed a couple of days ago.

  • The average age of a first-time entrepreneur is 45, OK?

  • It's not--

  • ANA CORRALES: 20.

  • GUY RAZ: Yeah, it's not Larry and Sergey in the basement.

  • They're anomalies, you know?

  • And by the way, I don't know if either of those guys

  • was a natural born entrepreneur, right?

  • I mean, they were grad students who were producing and creating

  • a really cool search engine.

  • Most of us have within us the capacity

  • to be and think and act entrepreneurially.

  • It is a mindset.

  • And it's not a superpower, and entrepreneurs are not

  • superheroes.

  • They're simply using techniques and skills

  • that enable them to conquer fears and put ideas out

  • into the world.

  • So yes, there are some people who are born that way.

  • A good example is Mark Cuban, who's been on the show.

  • At age 16, he was reading a book called "How to Retire at 35."

  • He was determined to become a millionaire,

  • and he planned his life that way.

  • And he did.

  • He became a millionaire by age 30.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: But he's actually rare.

  • I mean, most of the people on the show

  • learned how to become entrepreneurs,

  • learned how to think and act entrepreneurially.

  • Many of them are introverts.

  • Many of them had to find their charisma over time.

  • And those things are developed through experiences.

  • I mean, think about what you're doing now, Ana.

  • If I met you 20 years ago, and I don't

  • know for sure, but if I met you 20 years ago,

  • there's a possibility you might have

  • felt uncomfortable presenting in front of a large audience.

  • Maybe you would have been nervous about it.

  • Maybe you would have doubted yourself.

  • But now, you've achieved a level of success over time

  • with hard wins, right?

  • You had your own business.

  • You sold it.

  • You went to Google.

  • You now run this part of Google.

  • So you have kind of grown into your charisma.

  • The same with me, right?

  • This is a natural progression.

  • And so, I actually fundamentally believe that entrepreneurship

  • and entrepreneurial thinking, these

  • are developed and acquired skills.

  • And you can develop them at any point in your life and career.

  • And in fact, many of the entrepreneurs that we interview

  • started their businesses in their 40s, some in their 50s.

  • And most of the people I interview

  • are over the age of 40 because it allows us to kind of really

  • explore their mind and their experiences.

  • And you need that time to be able to reflect and offer

  • those reflections and that wisdom.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah, that's super helpful

  • because I think there's misconceptions

  • on that for sure.

  • I personally, to answer your question,

  • I still remember the first time I

  • had to present to 6,000 people.

  • I wasn't really super stressed about it until I got

  • to that moment, like T minus 5.

  • And then I just freaked out.

  • So yeah, there's a lot you can learn.

  • Talking about skills, let's keep on that topic.

  • Resilience is one of those skills.

  • And in your book, you have many stories where it's like, oh,

  • I was going to do a pita sandwich,

  • and then I couldn't find real estate.

  • And so, then I ended up doing pita chips.

  • Or I lost my business because I didn't quite protect it,

  • and I just dust myself off or my company didn't go well.

  • But then I ended up inventing Slack out of something

  • I was using to do a different product.

  • So many different stories of resilience.

  • Why do you think that's so important?

  • And what's the best way to sort of teach that

  • and to really get through that?

  • Because I think it goes hand in hand with that failure topic

  • we were talking about earlier.

  • What are your thoughts on resilience?

  • GUY RAZ: Yeah, resilience and failure

  • are two sides of the same coin, right?

  • I really love this.

  • I've had this really interesting experience on the show with--

  • and I talk about it a little bit in the book.

  • I allude to it a little bit in the book, which is people often

  • ask me, what is the skill you need to be

  • a successful entrepreneur?

  • What is it that you have to have?

  • And there are different answers to this question.

  • You can talk about the ability to withstand fear or conquer

  • fear.

  • I like the word rejection.

  • You have to be able to accept rejection, hear the word no,

  • and then keep moving forward until you hear yes.

  • So I don't mean accept rejection and then just kind of bow out.

  • ANA CORRALES: Go away.

  • GUY RAZ: I mean, hear it and just keep moving forward.

  • That's very hard for most of us to do, right?

  • Because most of us are hardwired to want validation.

  • I want to go to you and say, Ana, I have this awesome idea,

  • and I want you to say, awesome idea, I love it!

  • But what happens if I come to you, and I say,

  • I have this awesome idea, and you say,

  • well, I don't know if it's going to work.

  • It doesn't quite fit.

  • I know that doesn't happen at Google

  • because at Google, every answer is, yes, let's do it, right?

  • Am I right about that?

  • ANA CORRALES: Not quite, but there's a lot of that.

  • There's a lot of that.

  • It's a much more encouraging place

  • than other places, that's for sure.

  • GUY RAZ: Right, but in many corporate environments,

  • that's the experience people have.

  • Or you have a product or service you

  • want to bring out to the world, and you want

  • people to love it right away.

  • Well, how do you develop the ability to hear no,

  • or I don't know if that's going to work, or nah,

  • that's not quite right, but to keep plowing forward.

  • Well, one of the ways that I've experienced this

  • is through some of the entrepreneurs

  • I've interviewed, many of them who

  • were in sales, who started out in sales

  • or who had experience in sales.

  • One of these examples is Tope Awotona, who founded Calendly.

  • Calendly, as many of you know, it's

  • a scheduling service, right?

  • It's a scheduling--

  • I know you guys use Google Calendar,

  • so you don't use Calendly.

  • But he's an immigrant from Nigeria.

  • He came to the US at age 15, finished high school,

  • went to the University of Georgia.

  • And his first job in college was selling ADT alarm systems

  • door to door.

  • And he went to 500 doors a week.

  • Now imagine this kid knocking at 500 doors

  • a week in Athens, Georgia.

  • 490 doors were slamming in his face.

  • ANA CORRALES: At least.

  • GUY RAZ: But he learned that once he got a sale,

  • it actually made all those 490 slammed doors worth it.

  • Because he had no money.

  • And it was like a huge commission.

  • And it really drove him to just keep knocking on those doors.

  • He then went into software sales and did that for 10 years.

  • And again, a lot of no's, a lot of rejection.

  • Sara Blakely of Spanx, she sold fax machines for seven years

  • to office parks, in office parks, door to door.

  • ANA CORRALES: That's amazing.

  • GUY RAZ: She had so many no's, so many no soliciting.

  • Please leave the property.

  • Those daily indignities and those daily rejections,

  • they essentially inoculate you over time.

  • And they help you build the kind of resilience

  • you need to have when it gets really hard.

  • And so, it's connected to all kinds of failures.

  • I mean, failure is very hard.

  • It's not fun.

  • Nobody likes it.

  • But if you can kind of reframe and reorient

  • the way you think about it, it's very hard.

  • I'll give you an example.

  • Right now, as in real-time, I had a failure this week.

  • I'm going to tell you what it was.

  • ANA CORRALES: Let's see.

  • Let's hear it.

  • GUY RAZ: My book did not make "The New York Times" bestseller

  • list, OK?

  • And we sold enough books probably

  • to make it in a normal time.

  • But it's not a normal time.

  • Every book on that list is a Trump book for anti-Trump, OK?

  • And by the way, if you do want to help me make the list,

  • I need you to buy the book.

  • ANA CORRALES: These people are asking questions.

  • They're going to get it for sure.

  • GUY RAZ: It supports our show.

  • Buy it for friends, buy it for loved ones.

  • It supports NPR.

  • It supports our show.

  • And it helps.

  • So that's a failure.

  • But we have to keep pushing forward, right?

  • We've got to--

  • ANA CORRALES: But that's a great example.

  • Why is the expectation that every book

  • will hit that list immediately?

  • GUY RAZ: Well, it's just one of those things that

  • also helps to generate more excitement

  • and interest in a book.

  • So it's one of those milestones.

  • Now we might make another list, maybe "The Wall Street Journal"

  • list or another list, and that's great.

  • But the point is, is that those failures sting.

  • In real-time, they do, but you have

  • to figure out a way how to reframe, reflect on them,

  • and figure out how to keep moving forward.

  • And in my case, the reason why when I encounter failures,

  • and we do all the time with "How I Built This,"

  • with other projects that we start

  • and they don't quite work out, it's easier to deal with now

  • because I've had so many throughout my career,

  • small, medium, and big ones, that

  • have helped me to withstand them better when they happen.

  • It doesn't mean it's easier.

  • It's like--

  • ANA CORRALES: It still stings, yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: --you get a flu shot, right?

  • And you still might get the flu, but it's probably slightly less

  • severe than it would be if you didn't have the flu shot.

  • That's what failure is.

  • It's like a series of little flu shots

  • that you actually need to understand

  • how to withstand the really tough times when

  • you're building something.

  • And it's crucial.

  • It's essential.

  • You cannot succeed without failures.

  • ANA CORRALES: I totally agree.

  • One question I had for you as I was reading your book,

  • a lot of your stories thus far were US-based.

  • How do you see the role of the US in innovation, of Silicon

  • Valley in innovation?

  • What are your thoughts around that, especially

  • with a pandemic?

  • Just in general, how the world is shifting,

  • what are your thoughts on that?

  • GUY RAZ: Yeah, I mean, one of the reasons why

  • most of our stories are US-based, I mean,

  • there are a number of reasons.

  • The US, for a variety of reasons,

  • has been kind of the center of entrepreneurship

  • in the world for a long time.

  • That's changing, of course.

  • The other reason is, we are a US-based show,

  • so the bulk of our audience is US-based.

  • So just like any "Oprah" or "The Tonight Show" or whatever,

  • you naturally focus on US companies and brands.

  • But I am very interested in--

  • I mean, there are some incredibly powerful brands

  • overseas that we don't--

  • I mean, in Turkey, in India, obviously, in China, in Brazil,

  • in Mexico.

  • And I think that the world of entrepreneurship

  • is shifting so quickly.

  • And the center of gravity is changing so quickly.

  • If we think of the United States as a center

  • for entrepreneurship, it's not wrong, right?

  • Lots of people have come here for the last 200 years

  • and certainly, the last 50 years to start businesses.

  • So many people have come from Asia and Africa and Latin

  • America--

  • ANA CORRALES: Me included.

  • Yeah, Latin America.

  • GUY RAZ: --and Europe, right, to the United States

  • because in their countries, there

  • was a time when, to start a business,

  • it was very difficult. There was a lot of red tape.

  • Maybe you had to pay somebody off.

  • Maybe you had to know somebody or have a connection.

  • It wasn't easy to start a business.

  • And in the US, traditional--

  • ANA CORRALES: It just didn't exist.

  • GUY RAZ: Right?

  • ANA CORRALES: It just wasn't even a thought, yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: And in the US, traditionally, it was.

  • That's changed a lot over the past 20, 30 years,

  • especially because in the United States,

  • we've actually seen a decline in entrepreneurship

  • over the past 30 years, believe it or not.

  • We have fewer entrepreneurs today than we did in the 1980s,

  • in the 1970s.

  • Why is that?

  • There are many reasons why.

  • I will offer you my theory.

  • It's because of health insurance.

  • Americans get their health insurance

  • from their business, their companies where they work.

  • So more and more Americans have migrated

  • to work for large companies where they can

  • receive their health insurance.

  • In Europe, in Australia, in Asia, Asian countries,

  • where there's universal healthcare,

  • there's a great, amazing culture of entrepreneurship.

  • Because you can do it.

  • You can take that risk, and you still have health insurance.

  • So, actually, one of the conversations

  • I'd love to see happening in this country

  • is around the connection between health insurance

  • and entrepreneurship.

  • I mean, if you believe that entrepreneurship

  • is the engine of innovation, which I do,

  • and you are pro-entrepreneurship,

  • and you are truly pro-business, there's

  • a very strong argument to support universal healthcare.

  • Because when people have healthcare,

  • and they don't have to worry about getting it

  • from their employer, they can go start a business.

  • They can go create something, put something out

  • into the world.

  • And it's a very compelling argument,

  • I think, to support this idea of giving people

  • some kind of assurance that they'll have healthcare,

  • despite the risks and challenges they take.

  • But I think that we're looking at a world

  • where some of the most innovative ideas

  • are going to be coming out of China, are

  • going to be coming out of India, out of Europe, Africa.

  • I mean, we're already seeing it.

  • So I'm super excited about what's

  • happening in a lot of those other countries.

  • And we'll see where it goes.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah, well, this is why Google is very committed

  • to innovating.

  • That's why we do a lot of moonshots

  • for that very purpose.

  • I have two questions that I have to get out

  • before we go to the audience.

  • So we're going to try to do a little bit of rapid fire.

  • You talked a lot about scary versus dangerous.

  • Can you expand on that quickly?

  • And what is the difference between those two?

  • And why does it matter?

  • GUY RAZ: Yeah, doing scary things

  • is you sitting here doing this, moderating this event

  • in front of lots of people, right?

  • That's scary, but it's not dangerous.

  • It's not, right?

  • And so, this really comes from a conversation

  • I had with Jim Koch, the founder of Sam Adams beer.

  • He was a consultant at Boston Consulting Group.

  • He had a safe job.

  • He had the golden handcuffs, making lots of money.

  • But he wasn't happy.

  • And he knew that if he stayed in his job

  • for the rest of his life, he would be miserable.

  • That was dangerous, right, because he

  • would wake up one day and regret that he didn't take the leap.

  • ANA CORRALES: And hate it, yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: It was scary to leave his job

  • and to start a beer company at a time

  • when nobody had any respect for American beer

  • in the early '80s.

  • It was really scary.

  • But it was dangerous not to do it.

  • And that's the difference.

  • ANA CORRALES: OK, that's super fair.

  • One other thing I wanted to just touch on really quickly.

  • You have "Wow in the World," which is, obviously,

  • a different show.

  • That is the first ever sort of podcast targeted for children.

  • GUY RAZ: NPR show.

  • NPR distributed show, yeah.

  • ANA CORRALES: NPR.

  • GUY RAZ: Yeah, I produce it, and we work with NPR,

  • and they distribute it.

  • So it's the first time NPR's ever

  • distributed a kids' show, yeah.

  • ANA CORRALES: Which is great.

  • And it's doing really well.

  • So I wanted to ask you a couple of things.

  • One of them is, with all the experience and stories,

  • all those stories that you have and that you've thought about

  • and really reflected on, what's the advice you kind of give

  • to your children?

  • What is the thing that you've been

  • trying to sort of really inculcate in your children?

  • And was that the inspiration for the show?

  • And what are you trying to do with that show?

  • How can we help?

  • Tell us a little bit about the efforts for children there.

  • GUY RAZ: "Wow in the World" is a cartoon for the year.

  • It was designed for one very specific reason.

  • It was designed to get kids to put their screens down

  • and to raise their eyes up to the sky

  • and to look at the stars and ask,

  • how far away are those stars?

  • Can we ever go there?

  • And the answer is no, of course.

  • It would take us 25,000 years to get to the closest star,

  • but it's still a question you should ask.

  • I found awe and wonder.

  • I rediscovered it when my children were

  • born, when we were walking down a sidewalk,

  • and they saw something crawling, and they

  • were like, daddy, look at that!

  • ANA CORRALES: What is that?

  • Yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: That changed my world.

  • It changed my life.

  • And "Wow in the World" was designed

  • to get kids to put their screens down

  • and to put the screen in their mind.

  • It's a television show in their mind.

  • If you've got a kid between the ages of 4 and 12 in your life,

  • tell them about "Wow in the World."

  • Every episode is rooted in a peer-reviewed scientific

  • journal article, OK?

  • We translate that for children.

  • We go back in time.

  • I do it with my co-host Mindy Thomas.

  • We go underwater.

  • We go into space.

  • We fly on a giant pigeon.

  • We launched this show three years ago.

  • We're very fortunate it's the number one kid's

  • podcast in the United States.

  • ANA CORRALES: Congratulations.

  • GUY RAZ: And it is super exciting.

  • We love doing it.

  • If you want to support us, if anybody wants to support us,

  • the best way to support us is to listen to the show,

  • tell people about it.

  • And if we can partner with Google, we'd love to do it,

  • so do let us know.

  • ANA CORRALES: OK, we'll look into it.

  • And what's the advice that--

  • I feel like you remember a few things your parents tell you,

  • but there were a couple that were just so prominent.

  • After all this experience, what are you

  • trying to inculcate in your children?

  • GUY RAZ: Something very simple, and I think a lot of parents

  • do this intuitively.

  • It's follow your curiosity, right?

  • Follow your cur-- because your curiosity

  • is going to lead you down so many different paths and rabbit

  • holes.

  • And it's going to unlock all of these new ideas and passions

  • that you didn't even know you had.

  • So right now, my son, my 11-year-old,

  • he's really interested in building a gaming computer, OK?

  • Do I love that he plays video games?

  • No, not really.

  • I don't love it.

  • It's not my favorite thing, but he's

  • so excited about buying the components

  • and building a gaming computer.

  • And we're going to do it, and it's awesome.

  • ANA CORRALES: There's a lot to learn about that, yeah.

  • GUY RAZ: There's a lot to learn, right?

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah.

  • OK, great.

  • I think we're going to go to questions.

  • So, to the audience question.

  • So again, if you ask a question, we'll

  • definitely be giving you a copy of Guy's new book, which

  • is unbelievably great.

  • OK, so we have a question from Nicholas van Vliet.

  • Which HIBT interview was the toughest interview for you?

  • You mentioned that you wanted to humanize these entrepreneurs.

  • Were there anywhere that was actually pretty tough to do?

  • GUY RAZ: I've had some tough interviews earlier on.

  • And part of that was because we didn't really fully prepare

  • the person for the interview.

  • And our process is very different now.

  • So I'll answer this briefly.

  • Yes, I would say one of the toughest interviews I have had

  • was with Jann Wenner.

  • Jann Wenner is the founder of "Rolling Stone" magazine.

  • He was tough to humanize, I'll be honest.

  • I mean, and then a few months after that episode came out,

  • there were some allegations about his behavior at Rolling

  • Stone.

  • And that was unfortunate.

  • We don't have a 100% perfect record,

  • but we have a pretty good record on "How

  • I Built This," sort of filtering out for certain qualities.

  • We look for kind entrepreneurs.

  • We look for entrepreneurs who represent

  • the best of entrepreneurship.

  • Because our show represents entrepreneurship

  • to a lot of people.

  • But we don't spend a whole lot of time

  • trying to convince people.

  • We really want people to come on the show

  • only if they want to come on the show.

  • And also, as you can imagine, if you listen to

  • "How I Built This," there are some omissions.

  • There are some titans that many of you

  • know of who are not on the show.

  • And there's a reason why because in some of those cases,

  • they have approached us.

  • Their staffs have approached us.

  • And we're very excited to interview them.

  • But they come with conditions.

  • You can't ask about this, you can't

  • ask about that, and no talking about this.

  • And my answer to that is, I totally get it.

  • I respect you.

  • I completely understand.

  • But we can't do that because our audience won't accept it,

  • and I can't--

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah, that's not genuine.

  • GUY RAZ: --do the show with integrity

  • if we're rigging this game, right?

  • You have to come with an open heart and open mind.

  • You have to be willing to surrender to the process.

  • And if you can do that, we welcome you with open arms,

  • and we want you on the show because we will contextualize

  • your life, your ups, your downs, the mistakes you made,

  • the decisions, the good decisions, the bad decisions.

  • So that's crucial and key.

  • Now, before every interview I do--

  • and I've done this now for three years--

  • I have a half hour conversation with every single person weeks

  • before they join me in the studio.

  • And I say this exact same thing I've just told you.

  • No conditions.

  • We need you to surrender.

  • We need you to come with a sense of generosity.

  • And we want you to do-- we want you to come--

  • ANA CORRALES: Do you have people fall out during that process?

  • GUY RAZ: Occasionally.

  • Very rarely, but occasionally.

  • And look, I'm very clear with them.

  • I'm like, I don't want to pressure you to come on.

  • And it's an off the record conversation.

  • And I know we're going to know a lot about you.

  • We do a very deep dive.

  • We even do a background check on you.

  • We know as much as we can know about you.

  • And it's not to embarrass you.

  • It's to contextualize your life and also

  • to protect us, because we have to represent integrity.

  • So we have to make sure that the person who's

  • coming on, if there was something that happened

  • in their life that maybe missed the mark, we

  • want you to explain it and talk about it

  • in an open and generous way.

  • No one's perfect.

  • No one is perfect.

  • Larry and Sergey aren't perfect, right?

  • They're good guys.

  • Nobody-- Ana's not.

  • I'm not.

  • We're all flawed.

  • We're all flawed, right?

  • And so, we have to--

  • but we all need to be contextualized.

  • That's really important.

  • And that's what I'm trying to do on the show, so.

  • ANA CORRALES: That's fair.

  • All right.

  • Should we get-- let's see.

  • Let's get the second question here.

  • It's from Nipen Mody.

  • What changes have you seen in podcasting the last few years?

  • And where do you see podcast going in the next five years?

  • Have you considered lending your voice

  • to an audio book or a storytelling podcast?

  • I think you do that already.

  • GUY RAZ: You can buy my audio book, "How I Built This."

  • I have narrated it.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yes, and I think you

  • narrated [INAUDIBLE],, including some children shows as well.

  • GUY RAZ: Yep, and I do "Wow in the World."

  • And so, where do I see podcasting going?

  • I see it being consolidated similar to television, right?

  • I see kind of the Netflix, Hulu, Apple TV model coming online.

  • I don't know if that's the YouTube TV model.

  • I don't know if that's--

  • I think it's inevitable.

  • If you were to ask me if that's what I prefer,

  • the answer would be no.

  • I wish that podcasting would be free and open and available

  • to everyone forever.

  • But the reality is that this is also a business.

  • And these shows have to become sustainable.

  • "How I Built This," we work with NPR,

  • so it's distributed by NPR.

  • NPR has a public service mission to make their content free,

  • but it's not easy.

  • And by the way, I'm going to tell you right now,

  • if you want to support "How I Built This," in addition

  • to buying the book, please contribute

  • to your local public radio station.

  • Right now is a really difficult time for public radio stations.

  • They are really suffering with this economic crisis.

  • And they need your help.

  • If you listen to KQED in San Francisco

  • or KCRW in LA, whatever it is wherever you are,

  • please do contribute because that money actually

  • goes to enable NPR to make and pay for shows like "How I Built

  • This," which I hope brings some benefit and joy to your life.

  • If you have a great pair of shoes or earbuds that you love,

  • I think "How I Built This" also brings

  • joy and value to your life.

  • So public radio, super important to support.

  • But I do think that in the future,

  • podcasting is going to be even more disaggregated,

  • and more of it's going to be behind paywalls.

  • And my pledge to you is "How I Built This" will not.

  • You will always get it for free.

  • We just need you to support it.

  • We need to voluntarily support it.

  • ANA CORRALES: Great, thank you.

  • We definitely will do that.

  • All right, we're going to go to a third question

  • here from Tim Anderson.

  • I've loved listening to the resilience edition of "How I

  • Built This" episodes recently.

  • How do you think COVID will impact entrepreneurship

  • over the next five years and over the next 15?

  • GUY RAZ: It's going to have a huge impact.

  • I mean, it's going to change the way we work, how we work,

  • where we live.

  • I think it could have--

  • the upside to it is that it could kind of

  • create the sort of disaggregated superstar cities.

  • We've had San Francisco, Bay Area, New York, Boston,

  • Los Angeles.

  • Well, could Boise, Idaho, could Omaha, Nebraska,

  • could other parts of the country benefit from more remote work,

  • people living there, and working for Google and Apple

  • and other big companies?

  • So I think that's going to be a huge change.

  • I also think that there will be, I hope,

  • significant moonshot changes that come out of this moment.

  • Because look, if you think of the pandemic as a dry run for--

  • and actually, in here in California,

  • we're having a dry run.

  • We've had a real-time experience with chapter 1

  • of climate change.

  • If you think of the pandemic and climate change as alarm bells

  • going off, saying, hey, humans, you

  • have got to pay attention now.

  • We need huge, huge moonshot swing

  • for the fences kinds of products and ideas

  • Impossible Foods is a great example.

  • Pat Brown is trying to get people not

  • to consume animal meat, but to make meat from plants.

  • Because 15% of global climate emissions

  • come from livestock production.

  • Here in California, the governor has just

  • announced he's going to ban combustion engine

  • vehicles in 15 years.

  • That's crucial.

  • We have to support that.

  • And companies like Google and Microsoft

  • and Apple, huge companies that can scale things,

  • we have to do these things.

  • We have to think of things in a big way.

  • So my hope is that we will start to see people really come out

  • of the woodwork with big dreams and ideas

  • on how to confront the challenges we face.

  • It may be a combination of legislation,

  • but also things like geoengineering,

  • which scares me, but we may have to start thinking about that.

  • So that's my hope.

  • My hope is that this time and place

  • has been kicking our butts.

  • And if you're watching, I hope it's kicking your butt.

  • And I hope that maybe--

  • ANA CORRALES: Swing for the fences.

  • Yeah, definitely swing for the fences moment.

  • All right, let's do another question for you.

  • How much does confidence play in the role of being successful?

  • GUY RAZ: I think confidence is hard won.

  • I'm a big believer in self-doubt and interrogating everything

  • about what you do all the time.

  • Not to undermine yourself, but to make what you do

  • or how you think better.

  • So for me, my example is, I don't

  • have fixed, unmovable beliefs about most things.

  • I mean, yes, I have views about certain topics and ideas.

  • But I really am open to learning about a variety of issues

  • and open to changing my mind.

  • I mean, I think that's one of the gifts

  • that we have as humans, right?

  • And when it comes to confidence, I

  • think confidence is one of those-- it's not like a fixed,

  • immovable attribute.

  • I think there are days where we are

  • more confident than other days.

  • There are days where we have more self-doubt.

  • But it's a work in progress.

  • It's like what I talked about earlier with rejection.

  • It's a practice.

  • It requires effort and time and experience.

  • I am infinitely more confident at age 45

  • than I was at age 35 and 25.

  • And hopefully, I will be more confident.

  • I look at my mom who's almost 80,

  • and she's unbelievably confident because she's like--

  • ANA CORRALES: She's doing great.

  • GUY RAZ: No, she's like--

  • ANA CORRALES: Same for my mom.

  • GUY RAZ: --what do I have to apologize for?

  • I lived a great life, and I'm doing fine.

  • And I don't worry about what people think about me anymore.

  • I'm almost 80, you know what I mean?

  • Or 75.

  • So I think that confidence is something

  • that comes with time and practice

  • and those little victories and those little failures

  • that you learned from to get to those little victories.

  • ANA CORRALES: OK, great.

  • Let's do I think one more audience question,

  • or maybe two.

  • We'll see.

  • Lydia Barrios is asking, there are

  • thousands of impressive founders globally.

  • What criteria do you use to determine

  • which guests to bring to HIBT?

  • GUY RAZ: Number one, kindness.

  • We look for kind founders.

  • We look for founders who operate with integrity,

  • who treat their employees well, who are as good

  • of corporate citizens as possible.

  • I mean, we're in a time where there's

  • a lot of mistrust of corporations

  • and big organizations.

  • So we are really trying to be careful.

  • No one's perfect.

  • We look for really good stories.

  • We look for struggle.

  • We look for people who didn't come from money

  • or who didn't have easy access to it.

  • We look for people who have built,

  • generally, brands and services, products and services that we

  • recognize that are available.

  • So we don't do a whole lot of B2B companies or back end

  • technology.

  • Those are great and interesting, but there

  • are plenty of other shows that focus on that.

  • "How I Built This" focuses primarily on consumer-facing

  • goods and services.

  • So that's essentially how we decide.

  • ANA CORRALES: Great, OK.

  • Let's take one more audience question from Natasha Hammond.

  • Who is the one person you have not interviewed

  • that you would want to?

  • GUY RAZ: Now that I'm here, I would say Larry and Sergey.

  • Let's bring them on.

  • We approached them--

  • ANA CORRALES: Go get them.

  • GUY RAZ: --a few years ago.

  • I think I saw Sergey at a TED conference,

  • and he was like, yeah, sure.

  • But I think we'd love to have them on.

  • So--

  • ANA CORRALES: We'll work on that.

  • GUY RAZ: --if you guys have any ins, start emailing them now.

  • ANA CORRALES: OK, I will, immediately after this.

  • GUY RAZ: Just do a mass email campaign to Larry and Sergey

  • right now.

  • ANA CORRALES: Perfect.

  • OK, talking about Larry and Sergey,

  • what is your favorite Google product?

  • We ask this of all of our guests.

  • GUY RAZ: I can't live without the search engine.

  • It's pretty great.

  • ANA CORRALES: OK, that's good.

  • GUY RAZ: It's pretty awesome.

  • I'm using Google Chrome right now.

  • I actually uploaded-- I started using Google Chrome in 2008, so

  • a relatively early user.

  • So those are two prizes.

  • We have a Google Home at home.

  • One of my kids has a Google Home.

  • The other one has an Amazon Alexa.

  • So they fight against each other.

  • ANA CORRALES: Of course, ours is way better because that's

  • my product, so of course.

  • GUY RAZ: So, and it's great.

  • The Google Home is on all the time.

  • And unfortunately, my 11-year-old

  • has connected to a Spotify account to it,

  • so I hear a lot of really bad words coming out

  • of it, like hip hop and stuff.

  • And the other day, can I say a bad word on this?

  • The other day, I caught my kids in their room

  • asking their Google Chrome, Google, OK, Google,

  • what does shit mean?

  • ANA CORRALES: What was the response from the assistant?

  • GUY RAZ: Yes, and the assistant was

  • like, a colloquial term for excrement or something

  • like that.

  • It was something like that.

  • It was very earnest, so I appreciated that.

  • They were laughing about it.

  • ANA CORRALES: Good, we try to keep it very clean.

  • The team does a really good job of that.

  • So thanks for the feedback.

  • And my favorite son story with the Google Mini,

  • which is probably what you have, the speaker was--

  • he asked something, and it was very early on.

  • I had a prototype.

  • We didn't have that answer.

  • So I said, oh, you can go to the computer and type it.

  • And he's like, what do you mean, I have to type it?

  • Why?

  • Why would I ever have to type anything?

  • And it just was a moment for me to realize

  • how much expectations are changing

  • in a very quick manner.

  • Guy one other question for you.

  • You've written this book.

  • You've done this show.

  • What are you hoping--

  • what's the message you want people to take from your book

  • as they read it?

  • What's the lesson you're hoping to leave the community

  • with as you wrote this book?

  • GUY RAZ: I want this book to inspire creative thinking.

  • Whether we call it entrepreneurial thinking

  • or not, that's what I am calling it.

  • It's really a mindset.

  • I mean, the book can-- it's designed for somebody who's

  • thinking about starting a business, who is starting

  • a business, or just wants to be inspired by people who do,

  • but also by people who want to put out a disruptive

  • idea into the world.

  • And it might be an idea in your workplace, maybe a product

  • or service that you'd like Google to offer.

  • And it's really designed to trigger thoughts and ideas

  • and creativity.

  • And my hope is that it's like difference

  • between the entrepreneurs you admire and you

  • is that they walked into the phone booth and put on the cape

  • and walked out and were [INAUDIBLE] booth,

  • then I've done my job.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah, OK, great.

  • With that topic, do you think there

  • is more we could be doing at Google, just

  • in general in the community, to elevate entrepreneurship

  • in sort of the underrepresented minority groups,

  • like Blacks and Latinx?

  • That's a really big--

  • obviously, with social injustice and everything

  • that's happening in the US and in the world,

  • really, because it's really a worldwide thing now,

  • what could we do more for entrepreneurship and innovation

  • there?

  • GUY RAZ: Well, one thing you could do, actually--

  • I mean, there's lots of things you can do.

  • And you probably are doing some things

  • because Google, of course, has the ability

  • to scale things in a huge way with all of its resources.

  • But aside from creating very clear programs

  • to identify and help entrepreneurs of color,

  • we are actually, "How I Built This,"

  • we are actually launching, right now,

  • a new initiative where we will select 60 entrepreneurs

  • from underrepresented communities around the country.

  • We're going to launch this in 2021.

  • And we are looking for people who have an idea--

  • ANA CORRALES: That's great.

  • GUY RAZ: --to bring out a service or product that solves

  • a problem in their community.

  • And we are going to give each of these people,

  • every person we choose will get $10,000.

  • And then, we will have a panel of people

  • who've been on the show evaluating their pitches.

  • And the winner will get $50,000.

  • We're looking for money to support that.

  • So if Google can support that, we would love that.

  • And that initiative is going to be

  • part of the "How I Built This" Summit in 2021,

  • which will be virtual.

  • So we're--

  • ANA CORRALES: That's great.

  • GUY RAZ: We're planning that now,

  • and it's going to be-- we've had this amazing fellows

  • program for "How I Built This" for the last three years.

  • 80% of our fellows have been women and people

  • of color and from underrepresented communities.

  • It's been an amazing program.

  • And now we want to take it to the next level.

  • ANA CORRALES: Yeah, that's really fantastic to hear.

  • And definitely wish you the best of luck as you build that.

  • I know we've talked about several areas for Google

  • to help partner.

  • Google was built on innovation, and that

  • is what we try to do every day in many different ways,

  • from moonshots to small ones, which are also sometimes very

  • hard won.

  • So we'll definitely connect with you on that.

  • I want to thank you for joining us today at Google.

  • I want to congratulate you on what

  • is an incredible career and impact to the community

  • and also on your book.

  • I loved reading it.

  • I actually did buy some copies and sent them

  • to my family, my brother, and my sister.

  • GUY RAZ: Thank you.

  • ANA CORRALES: Both run startups, as does my dad.

  • And so, they all have a copy.

  • It's on its way to Costa Rica, so it'll

  • make it to Latin America, probably

  • the first copy in Costa Rica.

  • But really, congratulations.

  • And thank you for having us.

  • And really continue everything you're doing.

  • It's making a really big difference.

  • And congratulations again.

  • GUY RAZ: Thank you.

  • Thank you, Ana.

  • Thank you to the Googlers watching.

  • Really appreciate it.

  • You guys do great work.

  • And when I can come visit there post-pandemic,

  • I'd love to come.

  • ANA CORRALES: All right, thank you so much.

  • [MUSIC PLAYING]

[MUSIC PLAYING]

字幕與單字

單字即點即查 點擊單字可以查詢單字解釋

A2 初級 美國腔

Guy Raz 在 Talks at Google 的分享(Guy Raz | How I Built This | Talks at Google)

  • 24 1
    charlene 發佈於 2022 年 09 月 19 日
影片單字