Is that true?

這是真的嗎？

Myth!

神話!

"Jumping or exercising after eating

"吃完飯後跳樓或運動

will give you an appendicitis."

會讓你得闌尾炎。"

What? I have never heard of this.

什麼，我從來沒有聽說過這個。

I'm tossing that one out.

我把這個問題拋出。

Ooh. So, "You need to wait

哦。所以，"你需要等待

30 minutes to swim after eating."

飯後30分鐘要游泳"。

I caught myself almost saying it

我發現自己差點就說出來了

to my own children the other day,

有一天，我對自己的孩子說。

and then broke out into laughter,

然後爆發出笑聲。

because it's an absolute myth.

因為它是一個絕對的神話。

Hi, I'm Austin Chiang.

你好，我是奧斯汀-蔣。

I'm an assistant professor of medicine

我是一名醫學助理教授

at Jefferson Health in Philadelphia,

在費城的傑弗遜健康中心。

and I've been practicing as a gastroenterologist

我一直作為一名胃腸病醫生在執業。

since 2017.

自2017年以來。

My name is Fola May.

我的名字是福拉-梅。

I'm an assistant professor of medicine at UCLA Health.

我是加州大學洛杉磯分校健康學院的醫學助理教授。

I'm a general gastroenterologist

我是一名普通的胃腸病醫生

and have been practicing gastroenterology

並一直從事胃腸病學工作

for the last six years.

在過去的六年裡。

I love this field because it allows us

我喜歡這個領域，因為它允許我們

to optimize people's digestive health,

以優化人們的消化系統健康。

and we get to prevent important cancers

而且我們可以預防重要的癌症

like colorectal cancer.

如結腸直腸癌。

And today we'll be debunking myths about indigestion.

而今天我們將揭開關於消化不良的神話。

"It takes years to digest gum."

"消化口香糖需要數年時間"。

This is an absolute myth.

這絕對是一個神話。

And I remember this as a child,

而我在小時候就記得這一點。

hearing that it takes seven years to digest your gum.

聽說消化你的口香糖需要七年時間。

The reality is that everything you eat,

現實情況是，你所吃的一切。

going in one end, is going to come out the other.

從一端進去，就會從另一端出來。

The slight truth of the myth is that gum is insoluble.

神話的輕微真相是，口香糖是不溶解的。

So we don't have the enzymes to break down gum

所以我們沒有酶來分解口香糖

like we do other foods.

像我們做其他食物一樣。

But it doesn't stay in your stomach for seven years.

但它不會在你的胃裡呆上七年之久。

Just like everything else you eat,

就像你吃的其他東西一樣。

it gets emptied from the stomach

從胃裡掏出來

usually within 30 and 90 minutes,

通常在30和90分鐘內。

and it comes out in your stool.

並在你的大便中流出。

"Smelly farts always means something is wrong."

"臭屁總是意味著有問題"。

I don't know, Fola.

我不知道，福拉。

Is there such a thing as a good-smelling fart?

有這樣一個好聞的屁嗎？

I get this one a lot from my patients.

我經常從我的病人那裡得到這個消息。

So, everyone thinks that if your farts smell really bad,

是以，每個人都認為，如果你的屁聞起來非常糟糕。

then there must be something wrong with the digestive tract.

那麼消化道一定出了問題。

And it's not true!

而且這不是真的!

Some of the most healthy foods that we eat,

我們吃的一些最健康的食物。

like fiber, broccoli, asparagus,

像纖維，西蘭花，蘆筍。

cause the smelliest farts.

導致最臭的屁。

I will say, though, that it is important

不過，我要說的是，這一點很重要

to pay attention to whether there are other symptoms,

要注意是否有其他症狀。

particularly people who have lactose intolerance,

特別是有乳糖不耐症的人。

which means that they don't have the enzymes

這意味著他們沒有酶。

to digest milk products.

以消化奶製品。

And if you've noticed smelly farts over and over again

如果你注意到一次又一次的臭屁

after eating milk products

吃完奶製品後

or after having products like gluten frequently,

或在經常食用麩皮等產品後。

then it's probably worth looking into

那麼它可能值得研究一下

whether you have a food intolerance or a food allergy.

無論你是有食物不耐受還是有食物過敏。

The other symptoms to keep an eye out for

其他需要注意的症狀

are severe abdominal pain with your smelly farts,

是嚴重的腹痛與你的臭屁。

loose stools or diarrhea, fevers.

大便稀溏或腹瀉，發燒。

This can indicate an abdominal infection.

這可能表明有腹部感染。

Chiang: "You should be pooping every day."

蔣介石："你應該每天都拉屎。"

So, this is another unfortunate misconception

是以，這是另一個不幸的誤解

that human beings have.

人類所擁有的。

It can be normal to have a bowel movement

排便可能是正常的

up to three times a day,

每天最多3次。

and there are actually people who are normal

而實際上有一些人是正常的

who have bowel movements every three days,

每三天就有一次大便的人。

and anywhere in there in between can be normal.

而在這兩者之間的任何地方都可能是正常的。

What I typically will tell my patients

我通常會告訴我的病人什麼

is that the most concerning thing

這是最令人擔憂的事情嗎？

is if you are having infrequent stools

是如果你的大便次數不多的話

that are causing constipation-like symptoms.

導致類似便祕的症狀。

Straining a lot when they're on the toilet bowl,

當他們在馬桶上時，經常用力。

have developed blood in their stools

出現大便帶血的情況

when they have a bowel movement.

當他們有大便的時候。

And that's generally when we would

而這通常是我們會在

prescribe a medication to help you have

開出一種藥物來幫助你擁有

more frequent, yet gentle bowel movements.

更頻繁的，但溫和的排便。

The reason why it's important to

重要的原因是

sometimes get this checked out by a professional

有時要找專業人士檢查一下

is because there are a lot of different causes

是因為有很多不同的原因

for infrequent stools and constipations.

用於大便次數少和便祕。

And then there's the other end of the spectrum.

然後，還有另一個極端。

Some people have what we call inflammatory bowel diseases.

有些人有我們所說的炎症性腸道疾病。

These are conditions that cause frequent stools

這些是導致頻繁大便的情況

but also blood in the stools, severe abdominal pain,

但也有大便帶血，嚴重腹痛。

and bloating, weight loss, fatigue,

和腹脹，體重下降，疲勞。

other manifestations throughout the body.

全身的其他表現。

And that's concerning.

而這是令人擔憂的。

So I usually like to tell people that

所以我通常喜歡告訴人們

it's not the number of the bowel movements you're having,

這不是你的排便次數的問題。

it's whether or not

是指是否

there are any of these concerning symptoms.

有任何這些令人擔憂的症狀。

Myth or fact?

神話還是事實？

"Only spicy foods cause ulcers."

"只有辛辣的食物才會導致潰瘍"。

If this were true, I'd be very sad,

如果這是真的，我會非常難過。

because I love spicy food

因為我喜歡辛辣的食物

and I eat spicy food all the time.

而且我一直在吃辣。

Spicy food does not cause ulcers,

辛辣的食物不會導致潰瘍。

but that doesn't mean that spicy food doesn't cause pain.

但這並不意味著辛辣食物不會引起疼痛。

What does cause ulcers can be a bacteria called H. pylori

導致潰瘍的原因可能是一種叫做幽門螺桿菌的細菌。

that can live under the surface

可以生活在表面之下的

of the lining of the stomach.

胃粘膜的。

And this can cause ulcers,

而這可能導致潰瘍。

as well as certain medications, like NSAIDs,

以及某些藥物，如NSAIDs。

which are basically those over-the-counter

這基本上是那些非處方藥的

pain medications like Motrin, Advil.

止痛藥，如Motrin, Advil。

We want to be careful

我們要小心

when we're taking medications like that.

當我們在服用這樣的藥物時。

Stress typically does not cause ulcers,

壓力通常不會導致潰瘍。

although it may make existing ulcers worse.

儘管它可能使現有的潰瘍惡化。

There are certain conditions that are called stress ulcers,

有一些情況被稱為壓力性潰瘍。

but this really applies to people who are very, very sick,

但這真正適用於那些病得很重的人。

like, hospitalized sick,

像，生病住院。

and not the typical type of stress

而不是典型的壓力類型

that we think of when we're stressed out.

我們在壓力大的時候想到的。

I think that is a common myth though, Austin, right?

我想這是一個常見的神話，雖然奧斯汀，對嗎？

I mean, you hear people say all the time,

我的意思是，你經常聽到人們說。

"I'm so stressed I'm going to get an ulcer."

"我的壓力太大了，我都快得潰瘍了。"

When I was younger, I would just listen to that statement.

當我年輕的時候，我就會聽從這句話。

And now I kind of want to interrupt and say,

而現在我有點想打斷一下，說。

"No, actually, that's not how it works."

"不，實際上，這不是它的工作方式。"

Exactly. But it doesn't mean that

正是如此。但這並不意味著

stress doesn't trigger, like, belly pain, because,

壓力不會引發，比如，肚子痛，因為。

you know, stress can certainly May: Absolutely. Absolutely.

你知道，壓力當然可以五月。絕對的。絕對的。

exacerbate and worsen those types of symptoms.

加劇和惡化這些類型的症狀。

But yeah, in and of itself, it's not going to

但是，是的，就其本身而言，它並不打算

cause an ulcer to just form out of nowhere.

導致潰瘍突然形成。

Thank goodness, right?

謝天謝地，對嗎？

Yeah. We'd be seeing a lot more ulcers then.

是的。那時候我們就會看到更多的潰瘍。

"Your stomach shrinks if you eat less."

"如果你吃得少，你的胃就會縮小"。

Is that true?

這是真的嗎？

Myth!

神話!

This is part of what people think they can do

這是人們認為他們能做的部分工作

to control their weight.

以控制他們的體重。

There's this misconception that if you eat less,

有這種誤解，認為如果你吃得少。

your stomach will become smaller

你的胃會變小

and then you won't need as much food to survive

然後你就不需要那麼多食物來生存了

and live your daily life.

並過好你的日常生活。

Unfortunately, it is very false.

不幸的是，這是很虛假的。

The size of the adult stomach stays approximately

成人的胃的大小大約保持在

that size your entire life.

這個尺寸是你的整個生命。

The stomach is actually a pretty flexible organ,

胃實際上是一個相當靈活的器官。

so it does expand when we eat big meals,

所以當我們吃大餐時，它確實會膨脹。

but then it goes right back to its normal size

但後來又馬上恢復到正常大小

when the stomach empties itself

飢腸轆轆時

about 30, 90, 120 minutes later.

大約30、90、120分鐘後。

Naturally, our stomachs won't shrink,

自然，我們的胃不會縮水。

but there are procedures out there

但有一些程序在那裡

where we can actually reduce the volume of the stomach

在這裡，我們實際上可以減少胃的體積

and then help patients lose weight that way.

然後幫助病人以這種方式減肥。

But that requires a procedure.

但這需要一個程序。

A good analogy is probably a rubber band, right?

一個好的比喻可能是橡皮筋，對嗎？

So a rubber band has a defined size

所以橡皮筋有一個確定的尺寸

and you can stretch it out if you have a big meal,

如果你有大餐，你可以把它拉長。

but it will always go back to that size.

但它會一直回到那個尺寸。

And it's not until you're really

而且直到你真的

pushing the limits over and over again

一次又一次地挑戰極限

that it starts to develop those little breaks,

它開始發展那些小的斷裂。

get a little bit wobbly and larger,

變得有點搖擺不定，而且更大。

but generally it has its innate size.

但一般來說，它有其先天的尺寸。

"Jumping or exercising after eating

"吃完飯後跳樓或運動

will give you appendicitis."

會讓你患上闌尾炎。"

What? I have never heard of this.

什麼，我從來沒有聽說過這個。

I'm tossing that one out.

我把這個問題拋出來了。

I have my handy-dandy plushy here.

我這裡有我的方便的毛絨玩具。

The appendix is this pocket that comes off

闌尾是這個脫落的口袋

of the beginning of the colon.

的結腸開始。

Sometimes it can get inflamed or blocked off,

有時，它可能會發炎或被堵住。

and that's called appendicitis.

這就是所謂的闌尾炎。

But exercising or jumping around after eating,

但在吃完飯後運動或跳來跳去。

no.

不。

We would be seeing people dropping like flies

我們會看到人們像蒼蠅一樣掉下來

at the gym if that were the case.

如果是這樣的話，在健身房裡就可以了。

First of all, that thing is really cute.

首先，那東西真的很可愛。

And second of all, I agree completely.

其次，我完全同意。

Can you imagine all the athletes

你能想象所有的運動員

that would be developing appendicitis?

這將是發展中的闌尾炎？

Most of the time it just comes about.

大多數時候，它就是這樣來的。

There's nothing that sort of leads up to it,

沒有任何東西可以引出它來。

it just suddenly happens.

它只是突然發生。

And, luckily, appendicitis is something

而且，幸運的是，闌尾炎是一種

that's very treatable.

這是很容易治療的。

Ooh. So, "You need to wait

哦。所以，"你需要等待

30 minutes to swim after eating."

飯後30分鐘要游泳"。

So, this is the hogwash

所以，這就是胡言亂語

that every parent has told every child.

每個父母都告訴過每個孩子。

The reality is after you have a large meal,

現實是在你吃了大餐之後。

your body does shunt blood flow to your stomach

你的身體確實將血流分流到你的胃部

and your digestive organs to help you digest this meal.

和你的消化器官來幫助你消化這頓飯。

And I think what's happened is

我認為現在的情況是

that people have then feared that

人們當時擔心的是

because it's shunting blood away from your arms

因為它正在將血液從你的手臂上分流出去

and your legs and the large muscles that you need to swim,

和你的腿以及你游泳所需的大塊肌肉。

that if you immediately jump into a pool

如果你立即跳進一個游泳池

you won't be able to swim

你將不能游泳

or use your arms and legs to save yourself.

或用你的手和腳來拯救自己。

But the reality is your body has enough blood flow

但現實是你的身體有足夠的血流

to supply both your stomach and your digestive organs

供應你的胃和你的消化器官

and your legs and arms.

和你的腿和胳膊。

There are some people that will experience

有一些人，會經歷

some abdominal cramping if they swim immediately

如果他們立即游泳，會有一些腹部痙攣

after eating a big meal.

吃完大餐後。

And that's just because the digestive muscles

而這只是因為消化道的肌肉

are already busy at work

工作已經很忙了

and you're stressing them more

而你卻給他們帶來更大的壓力

by putting them under the exertion

將他們置於壓力之下

of being in a swimming pool.

在游泳池裡的感覺。

But I don't think we need to worry about drowning risk here.

但我認為我們不需要在這裡擔心溺水的風險。

"Probiotics will fix your gut."

"益生菌會修復你的腸道"。

We wouldn't have jobs

我們就沒有工作了

if probiotics cured everything about the gut.

如果益生菌能治癒腸道的一切問題。

I think what this statement is trying to get at

我認為這句話所要表達的是

is that there's a lot about the gut microbiome,

是，有很多關於腸道微生物組的內容。

the bacteria that live in our gut,

生活在我們腸道中的細菌。

that can potentially impact our health.

這可能會對我們的健康產生潛在的影響。

We simply just don't know enough about it.

我們只是對它瞭解得不夠多。

May: There is an actual bacterial environment

5月。有一個實際的細菌環境

that lives in your gut.

住在你的內臟中的。

Most of them are not bad bacteria.

它們中的大多數都不是壞細菌。

They're good, healthy bacteria that you need

它們是你需要的良好、健康的細菌。

to have normal bowel movements,

有正常的腸道運動。

to avoid pain and other diseases.

以避免疼痛和其他疾病。

But every once in a while, that can get imbalanced.

但每隔一段時間，這就會變得不平衡。

So probiotics became really popular

是以，益生菌變得非常流行

with this concept of resetting your microbiome.

與這個重新設置你的微生物組的概念。

But the reality is that the science is so new in this area

但現實是，這一領域的科學是如此之新

and there's really very few conditions

而且真的很少有條件

where we've figured out how to use probiotics the right way.

在這裡，我們已經弄清楚瞭如何以正確的方式使用益生菌。

And part of the reason behind this is because

而這背後的部分原因是

there's very little regulation on probiotics

對益生菌的監管非常少。

by the FDA, for instance,

例如，由美國食品和藥物管理局負責。

there's very little consistency in the formulations.

配方中很少有一致性。

We don't know what dosage actually works

我們不知道什麼劑量真正有效

for certain conditions as well.

對於某些條件也是如此。

So there's still a lot that we don't know about probiotics.

是以，我們對益生菌仍有很多不瞭解的地方。

I do think that for some people it has an impact,

我確實認為，對一些人來說，它有影響。

but it's not a cure-all, and it doesn't work for everyone.

但它不是萬能的，也不是對所有人都有效。

Oh, good one.

哦，好的。

"'I got food poisoning from the last thing I ate.'"

"'我吃的最後一件東西導致了食物中毒'。

In reality, it takes hours, right,

在現實中，它需要幾個小時，對。

for your stomach and your small bowel to process each meal.