There is a big problem with air pollution.

空氣汙染有一個很大的問題。

The city is growing

城市正在成長

without any kind of order or any kind of planning.

沒有任何形式的秩序或任何形式的計劃。

Half the world's population live in them,

世界上有一半的人口生活在這些地方。

and by the end of the century it will be more like 90%.

而到本世紀末，它將更像是90%。

Over the last sort of 20 years, we've been talking about

在過去的20年裡，我們一直在談論

urbanisation is the way forward,

城市化是未來的方向。

but we've seen during Covid, people's dynamics

但我們在Covid期間看到，人們的動態

and priorities are really changing

和優先事項確實在變化

so this is a real moment in time where we have to rethink

所以這是一個真正的時刻，我們必須重新思考

and almost get behind a new vision of the city.

並幾乎得到了一個新的城市願景的支持。

ARCHIVE NARRATOR: Ever watch the morning traffic

旁白：有沒有看過早上的交通情況？

when people are going to work?

當人們要去工作的時候？

Mostly it's one car, one person,

大多數情況下是一輛車，一個人。

a tonne or two of metal

一噸或兩噸的金屬

that takes up 130 square feet of space, more or less.

佔據了130平方英尺的空間，或多或少。

The main issue of cities is that they are suffering

城市的主要問題是，它們正在遭受

from too many cars.

從太多的汽車。

Excessive traffic, the noise...

過多的交通、噪音...

It's very difficult to stay calm

保持冷靜是非常困難的

in such a stressful environment

在這樣一個緊張的環境中

as a big city.

作為一個大城市。

So often we design the city

所以我們經常設計城市

with a view to optimising the city

以期優化城市

for the paid daytime labour market.

為有償日間勞動市場。

So we think about, how many people can we get into the city

是以，我們考慮，我們可以讓多少人進入城市

in the morning and out of the city in the evening?

在早上和晚上出城的時候？

Rather than travelling in from the suburbs to the centre

而不是從郊區到中心的旅行。

to work, shop and socialise,

工作、購物和社交。

the 15-minute city takes a different approach.

這座15分鐘的城市採取了一種不同的方法。

The 15-minute city is a really simple concept,

15分鐘的城市是一個非常簡單的概念。

in many ways. It's really just saying that

在許多方面。這其實只是在說

every urban citizen should be able to meet their basic needs

每個城市公民都應能滿足其基本需求

within a 15-minute walk or cycle ride from their house.

從他們的房子出發，步行或騎自行車15分鐘之內就可以到達。

The concept of the 15-minute city was proposed by

15分鐘城市的概念是由以下人士提出的

French-Colombian scientist Carlos Moreno,

法國-哥倫比亞科學家卡洛斯-莫雷諾。

and aspects of it are starting to be adopted

並開始採用它的某些方面

in cities like Paris, Barcelona and Bogotá.

在巴黎、巴塞羅那和波哥大等城市。

It's been described as a return to a local way of life.

這被描述為對當地生活方式的迴歸。

New technologies creates a lot of opportunities

新技術創造了很多機會

to work from home,

在家工作。

to do more things in the neighbourhood,

在鄰近地區做更多的事情。

to get rid of this separation of work and living.

以擺脫這種工作和生活的分離。

That also would reduce

這也將減少

the pollution that goes with traffic.

伴隨交通而來的汙染。

The 15-minute city revolves around three basic principles.

這15分鐘的城市圍繞著三個基本原則。

Before the Covid pandemic,

在科維德大流行之前。

the average UK worker

英國的普通工人

spent 400 days of their lives commuting.

在他們的生活中，有400天是在通勤中度過的。

That's enough time to read

這些時間足夠閱讀

the entire Harry Potter series 159 times.

整個《哈利-波特》系列讀了159遍。

When we foreground infrastructure

當我們把基礎設施放在前面時

or we foreground cars, we strip out

或者我們把汽車作為前景，我們剝離出

the thing that makes the city the city,

使城市成為城市的東西。

which is the interaction of people and creation of culture.

這是人與人之間的互動和文化的創造。

When we get rid of all those parked cars in the roads

當我們擺脫那些停在道路上的汽車時

and all the traffic, we create lots of space

和所有的交通，我們創造了很多的空間

for greening the city with trees

為用樹木綠化城市

and this also creates lots of opportunities

而這也創造了很多的機會

to meet your friends in the street.

在街上遇見你的朋友。

My favourite thing about living in the city -

我最喜歡住在城市裡的事情--

the quality of public space, which encourage you of

公共空間的品質，它鼓勵你的工作。

spending a lot of time outside and meeting with other people.

花很多時間在外面，與其他人見面。

Implementing the 15-minute city

實施15分鐘的城市

would mean a significant redesign of our infrastructure.

將意味著對我們的基礎設施進行重大的重新設計。

Is that feasible?

這是否可行？

In many cities across the world,

在世界各地的許多城市。

we've had kind of 50 years of planning policy

我們已經有50年的規劃政策了

that is about zoning,

這是關於分區的。

which is about separating different types of activity

這是關於分離不同類型的活動

in the city where you would go for shopping

在城市裡，你會去購物

or for work or for home life.

或為工作或為家庭生活。

And so to be able to make that kind of pivot into a 15-minute

是以，能夠將這種轉折變成15分鐘的時間

or a localised neighbourhood is a huge stretch for some places.

或一個局部的鄰里，對一些地方來說是一個巨大的延伸。

The concept of the 15-minute city also has its critics.

15分鐘城市的概念也有其批評者。

Some fear it could ghettoise poorer people

一些人擔心這可能會使更多的窮人陷入貧民窟。

whose neighbourhoods don't have the jobs and amenities

他們的社區沒有工作和便利設施

found in more affluent communities.

在更富裕的社區發現。

A lot of places do not have enough infrastructure,

很多地方沒有足夠的基礎設施。

especially places where low-income groups live.

特別是低收入群體居住的地方。

And it's a major, major wealth and economic gap there.

這是一個重大的、重大的財富和經濟差距。

It's clear that there are different levels

很明顯，有不同的層次

of liberty and freedom to access public space,

的自由和進入公共空間的自由。

depending on all sorts of categories

取決於各種不同的類別

of identity, including gender,

的身份，包括性別。

but also race, also levels of poverty.

但也包括種族，也包括貧困程度。

We have an imbalance about who gets to shape public spaces,

在誰能塑造公共空間方面，我們存在著不平衡。

who gets to make those decisions.

誰可以做出這些決定。

So if we can democratise that and if we can open up

是以，如果我們能夠使之民主化，如果我們能夠開放

and have more participation

並有更多的參與

about what kind of spaces do we want to live in,

關於我們想生活在什麼樣的空間。

then we have more likelihood

那麼我們就有更多的可能性

that our spaces are going to suit more people.

我們的空間將適合更多的人。

TON VONEHOVEN: Currently we have

TON VONEHOVEN: 目前我們有

a very strong decline of biodiversity,

生物多樣性出現了非常強烈的下降。

partially due to agriculture practices,

部分原因是農業實踐。

but also because of urbanisation.

但也是因為城市化的原因。

If we green the city, we create more opportunity for rainwater

如果我們綠化城市，就會為雨水創造更多機會

infiltrating in the soil.

滲入土壤中。

That will also enhance a healthy ecosystem

這也將增強一個健康的生態系統

and I think if we look into the future, the next generations,

我認為如果我們著眼於未來，下一代人。

what do we want to have those people experience -

我們想讓這些人經歷什麼？

a rich biodiversity or a poor biodiversity?

豐富的生物多樣性還是貧窮的生物多樣性？

This is the choice that we have to make,

這就是我們必須做出的選擇。

and with the 15-minute city,

並與15分鐘的城市。

this is a way to solve this crisis.

這是一個解決這個危機的方法。