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  • today we have a beautiful guest video for  you by robert crawwich and nate milton

    今天我們有一個美麗的客人視頻,由Robert Crawwich和Nate Milton為您提供。

  • imagine a house a normal house with the usual  appliances dishwashers refrigerators vacuum  

    想象一下一個房子,一個普通的房子,有通常的電器,洗碗機,冰箱,吸塵器。

  • cleaners and of course an electricity bill  which comes every month now we're going to  

    清潔工,當然還有每個月都有的電費,現在我們要去

  • make this a kentucky home because in kentucky  they get almost all their energy from coal  

    使之成為肯塔基州的家,因為在肯塔基州,他們幾乎所有的能源都來自於煤。

  • and since we all know that coal is a fossil fuel  

    既然我們都知道,煤是一種化石燃料

  • here's an idea let's go back and meet the  fossils who died to light up this house  

    我有個想法,讓我們回去見見那些為了照亮這所房子而死去的化石。

  • well we're gonna have to go way way back to  the carboniferous period that's about 300  

    我們必須追溯到石炭紀,也就是大約300年前。

  • million years ago and this here is a typical  forest from that time and this is a typical  

    這就是那個時代的典型森林,這就是典型的

  • tree called a lepidodendron long skinny little  tree they sprouted up as plants do soaking in  

    稱為鱗葉樹的瘦長小樹,它們像植物一樣,浸泡在水中發芽。

  • sunshine absorbing carbon from the air so they  could grow and grow and grow and then of course  

    吸收空氣中的碳的陽光,以便它們可以生長,生長,生長,然後當然是

  • they died to be replaced by another set of  lepidodendrons that also grew and died another  

    他們死了,被另一組同樣生長和死亡的蜘蛛花所取代。

  • that grew and died and another that grew and  died so after millions and millions of years  

    增長和死亡,另一個增長和死亡,所以在數百萬和數百萬年之後

  • the layers of all these dead plants press down  one on top of the other concentrating all that  

    所有這些死去的植物層層疊疊地壓在一起,把所有的東西都集中起來。

  • ancient carbon and ancient sunshine  into a hard black rock that we call  

    古代的碳和古代的陽光變成了堅硬的黑色岩石,我們稱之為

  • coal so just for the fun of it let's say our  house here in kentucky uses roughly a thousand  

    煤炭,所以只是為了好玩,讓我們說我們在肯塔基州的房子大約用了一千塊錢

  • kilowatt hours of coal powered electricity in  a month that's about average can we figure out  

    一個月內煤電的千瓦時數約為平均數,我們能不能算出

  • how many of those ancient trees are in effect  being harvested to power this home for one month  

    為了給這個家提供一個月的電力,這些古樹實際上被砍伐了多少?

  • well it turns out that a thousand kilowatt hours  that's the electricity bill comes from burning  

    事實證明,一千千瓦時的電費是由燃燒產生的。

  • about a half ton of coal which is the energy  equivalent of two ancient trees each one about  

    約半噸的煤,相當於兩棵古樹的能量,每棵樹約為1噸。

  • 60 feet high so that is what this home is  burning every month to old trees worth of carbon  

    60英尺高,所以這就是這個家每個月燃燒的老樹的碳價值

  • now if we go for a year of electricity that would  be 24 of these trees and then over a decade over  

    現在,如果我們用一年的電,那將是24棵這樣的樹,然後超過十年的時間。

  • 10 years we're up to 240 trees and now you kind  of used up a mini forest of ancient energy just  

    10年後,我們就有了240棵樹,現在你已經用完了一個小型的古代能源森林。

  • to power your home and that does not include by  the way the family car now cars we all know also  

    為你的家庭供電,這還不包括家庭汽車,現在我們都知道汽車也是如此。

  • use fossil fuels gasoline does come from oil and  oil comes from once again ancient plants but not  

    使用化石燃料的汽油確實來自於石油,而石油又來自於古老的植物,但並不是

  • trees this time no no oil comes from much much  teenier plant-like creatures so small you can't  

    這一次,沒有油來自更多更小的植物類生物,小到你無法想象。

  • see them with your eyes but you do find them  in the ocean drifting about and rolling around  

    你可以用眼睛看到它們,但你會發現它們在海洋中漂移和滾動。

  • using sunshine to absorb carbon and grow and  multiply there are trillions actually a thousand  

    利用陽光吸收碳並生長和繁殖,有數萬億個,實際上有一千個。

  • trillion trillion of these teeny plants in the  sea they're called phytoplankton the basic food  

    海中有數以萬億計的這些微小的植物,它們被稱為浮游植物,是基本的食物。

  • of the ocean eaten by little guys and the  big guys and a hundred million years ago  

    一億年前,海洋中的小傢伙和大傢伙都在吃,而一億年前

  • there were phytoplankton living in the oceans  and when they died and their babies died and  

    有浮游植物生活在海洋中,當它們死了,它們的孩子也死了,並且

  • the babies of those babies died the ocean bottoms  were gradually littered with sunshine rich remains  

    那些嬰兒的嬰兒死了,海底漸漸地充滿了陽光下的豐富遺蹟

  • creating a layer of stored carbon that under  pressure from the mud above and the heat below  

    在上面的泥漿和下面的熱量的壓力下,形成一個儲存碳的層。

  • compressed first into rock and then under even  greater pressure turned into a black liquid that  

    首先被壓縮成岩石,然後在更大的壓力下變成了黑色的液體。

  • we now call oil so today when you pump a gallon  of gasoline into your car you are mostly pumping  

    我們現在稱之為石油,所以今天當你把一加侖的汽油泵入你的汽車時,你主要是在泵入

  • these squeezed remains of countless ancient  micro plants into your car engine well actually  

    這些由無數古老的微型植物擠出來的殘骸進入你的汽車發動機,實際上是

  • they're not really countless because we can  count them based on their carbon content so  

    它們並不是真的無數,因為我們可以根據它們的碳含量來計算它們,所以

  • we calculate that when you turn on the engine and  step on the gas and go for every inch of highway  

    我們計算過,當你打開發動機,踩下油門,在高速公路上每走一英寸都要進行計算。

  • you are crunching 20 billion ancient plants  through your car engine that is 20 billion  

    你正在通過你的汽車引擎壓縮200億個古老的植物,這是200億個

  • for every highway inch so if your grandma lives  a mile down the road that works out to 1 trillion  

    每一英寸的高速公路,所以如果你的祖母住在一英里外的路上,那就有1萬億的收入。

  • plants given up their energy to move you to  grandma's who when she turns on the lights to  

    植物放棄了它們的能量,把你搬到了奶奶家,當她打開燈時,你就會發現她的能量。

  • say hi she's using energy from ancient trees so we  are constantly using carbon that's been locked in  

    打個招呼,她在使用來自古樹的能源,所以我們不斷地使用被鎖住的碳。

  • the ground for millions of years digging it up  and putting it back to work for you and for me

    數百萬年來,我們一直在地下挖掘它,並將它重新用於你和我的工作。

  • we today are ravenous for old sunshine so  much so that if you add up all the coal  

    我們今天對古老的陽光非常渴望,以至於如果你把所有的煤加起來

  • and all the oil and all the natural gas that we  humans use to power our lives in just one recent  

    以及我們人類用來為我們的生活提供動力的所有石油和天然氣,僅僅是在最近的一次會議上

  • year we'll choose the year 2018 and then think  just for a second of all the ancient organisms  

    年,我們將選擇2018年,然後想一想所有的古代生物體

  • that had to get squished down to make those fossil  fuels so that would be the old carboniferous trees  

    為了製造這些化石燃料,必須把它們壓扁,所以這將是古老的石炭紀樹木。

  • and the carboniferous plants and the phytoplankton  and ancient plant eaters the little buns  

    和石炭紀的植物和浮游植物和古代植物的食客的小包子

  • and the big ones in the sea on the land all those  old organisms that got crunched into fossil fuels  

    而海里的大魚在陸地上,所有這些古老的生物體都被壓縮成了化石燃料。

  • if you drop all that old life into the container  that we call earth and burn them it turns out  

    如果你把所有的舊生活扔進我們稱之為地球的容器裡,然後把它們燒掉,就會發現

  • that what we burn in one year weighs a hundred  times more than everything alive today everything  

    我們在一年中燃燒的東西比今天所有活著的東西都要重一百倍。

  • all the living whales and the elephants and  the forests and insects and grass and crops  

    所有活著的鯨魚、大象、森林、昆蟲、草和農作物

  • and birds and fish and people dogs and cats add  up all the carbon in everything alive now and  

    和鳥、魚、人、狗、貓,把現在所有活著的東西中的碳加起來,就會有很多。

  • still in one year we burned a hundred times more  or to put it another way we humans gobbled up 100  

    在一年中,我們仍然燒掉了一百倍的東西,或者換一種說法,我們人類吞噬了100

  • earth's worth of ancient life that's 55  trillion tons of ancient carbon in a single year  

    地球上的古生物,一年就有55萬億噸古碳的價值

  • that's a lot of fossil fuel and  we are using it up very very fast

    那是大量的化石燃料,我們正在非常非常快地使用它。

  • you

today we have a beautiful guest video for  you by robert crawwich and nate milton

今天我們有一個美麗的客人視頻,由Robert Crawwich和Nate Milton為您提供。

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