Some say too much gaming will ruin your vision and rot your brain while others claim it improves your hand eye coordination and can even make you smarter.

有人說，過多的遊戲會毀掉你的視力和腐爛你的大腦，而其他人則聲稱它能改善你的手眼協調，甚至能讓你更聰明。

So what exactly does gaming due to our brain and our body.

那麼，遊戲到底對我們的大腦和身體有什麼影響。

To find out I visited, doctors and researchers were seeing brain activity in different frequencies, tested my hand eye coordination against a pro gamer.

為了瞭解我的情況，醫生和研究人員在看到不同頻率的大腦活動時，對我的手眼協調能力進行了測試，與一名職業遊戲玩家進行了對比。

You can't catch up and somehow ended up in a sub 200 degree cryo chamber.

你追不上，不知怎麼就在200度以下的冷凍室裡結束了。

All to answer the question, how do video games affect us?

都是為了回答這個問題，電子遊戲是如何影響我們的？

The stakes are higher than ever.

賭注比以往任何時候都高。

Industry is booming.

工業正在蓬勃發展。

These sports have gone mainstream their college leagues, parents are even getting video game tutors for their kids and thanks in part to smartphones and free games like Fortnite Gamers are playing more than ever before.

這些運動已經成為他們大學聯賽的主流，父母甚至為他們的孩子找視頻遊戲導師，部分歸功於智能手機和像《堡壘之夜》這樣的免費遊戲，玩家玩得比以前更多。

So given that we can play virtually anywhere at any time, how is all this gaming changing us physically?

那麼，鑑於我們幾乎可以在任何時間、任何地點進行遊戲，所有這些遊戲是如何改變我們的身體的呢？

Let's start with the excuse I used to give my mom when I was trying to get a little bit more time on the Atari.

先說說我以前給我媽的藉口吧，當時我想在雅達利上多弄點時間。

It's making me a better athlete to find out if that's actually true.

它使我成為一個更好的運動員，以發現這是否真的。

I headed to the Sports academy in 1000 oaks California for amateur gamers and esports pros trained under the same roof as traditional athletes.

我前往位於加州1000橡樹的體育學院，業餘遊戲玩家和電競職業選手與傳統運動員在同一屋簷下訓練。

This is pro gamer Matt Higginbotham, I'm known online as Acadians.

我是職業玩家Matt Higginbotham，我在網上被稱為Acadians。

Between training and casual gaming.

在訓練和休閒遊戲之間。

Matt plays 8 to 10 hours a day?

馬特每天玩8到10個小時？

People say, you know, it improves hand eye coordination, it improves response time, What have you seen in your own life if you only play League of Legends, that's like you're only activity with no physical exercise.

人們說，你知道，它提高了手眼協調能力，它提高了反應時間，你在自己的生活中看到了什麼，如果你只玩英雄聯盟，那就像你只有活動，沒有體育鍛煉。

In my opinion, you're just going to get out of shape in terms of positive, maybe, maybe cognitive, it would increase the things you're going to use in the game, reacting to things quickly, making decisions quickly.

在我看來，你只是在積極方面會走樣，也許，也許是認知方面，會增加你在比賽中要用到的東西，對事物的快速反應，快速做決定。

So is he?

他也是嗎？

Right.

對。

Let's find out if being an avid gamer actually makes you sharper.

讓我們來看看，作為一個狂熱的遊戲玩家，是否真的能讓你更加敏銳。

We're going to be taking a bunch of cognitive tests, one after the other.

我們將進行一堆認知測試，一個接一個。

Now, matt is a pro gamer.

現在，馬特是一名職業遊戲玩家。

I am very much not.

我非常不喜歡。

So we're going to see exactly how our results breakdown.

所以我們要看看我們的結果到底是如何細分的。

The first test is my new arch nemesis.

第一個考驗是我的新剋星。

The Dyna vision board which tests your reaction time.

測試你反應時間的Dyna視覺板。

Your job is to hit the button when it lights up.

你的工作是在它亮起時按下按鈕。

Right, okay.

對，好的。

It's going to move pretty quickly.

它將會發展得非常快。

Okay, so you're gonna want to rely on your periphery.

好的，所以你會想依靠你的周邊。

Okay.

好的。

I can use either hand, Right.

我可以用任何一隻手，對。

That's going to be a mess.

這將是一個混亂的局面。

I can already tell now matt calm and he's making it look easy.

我已經可以看出現在的馬特很平靜，他讓事情看起來很容易。

But this is way, way harder than it looks.

但這比看起來要難得多。

Am I not seeing one, yep down below?

我沒有看到一個，是在下面嗎？

Yeah, There you go.

是的，你去吧。

I just threw the whole test.

我只是扔掉了整個測試。

It's pretty fun actually, dammit.

其實這很有趣，該死的。

Okay.

好的。

Yes, let's leave this far behind.

是的，讓我們把這一切遠遠地拋在後面。

I'll see you in hell.

我將在地獄裡見到你。

Dine aboard the next one test.

在下一個測試中，在船上用餐。

What's called cognitive processing under load.

什麼叫負載下的認知處理。

It's also a reaction test.

這也是一種反應測試。

But unlike the Dyna vision board, there's a voice telling you to do the opposite of what you're actually supposed to do?

但與Dyna願景板不同的是，有一個聲音告訴你要做與你實際應該做的事情相反的事情？

Okay, there's gonna be a voice in your head that says stop and go green.

好吧，你的腦子裡會有一個聲音，說停下來，走綠色通道。

My brain.

我的大腦。

Yeah it's tiring.

是的，這很累人。

Right?

對嗎？

That's crazy.

這很瘋狂。

The last test measures your ability to track multiple objects.

最後一項測試衡量你追蹤多個物體的能力。

At the same time.

同時。

We had to keep tabs on certain spheres as they floated around in a three D.

我們必須盯著某些球體，因為它們在三個D中飄來飄去。

Space.

空間。

Kind of like trying to win two games of three card monte at the same time.

有點像試圖同時贏得兩場三張牌的蒙特。

47, three and five six and eight.

47、三、五六、八。

I got better at it after like eight of them.

我在做了大約八次之後，就變得更擅長了。

No, they bounced off each other.

不，他們互相彈開了。

No no totally lost.

不，不，完全失去了。

Um My confidence is shaken at this point of truth.

嗯......我的信心在這個事實點上被動搖了。

You got some good news for me.

你有一些好消息要告訴我。

It's always these tasks are built to really push your cognitive processing but but at the same time give you measurable results and immediate feedback matt Outperformed you in the more complex tasks.

一直以來，這些任務都是為了真正推動你的認知處理，但同時又給你可衡量的結果和即時的反饋，在更復雜的任務中，Matt的表現超過了你。

So as task got more complicated and had a significant amount of distractions and opportunity for the brain to start thinking about something that wasn't primary to the task.

是以，隨著任務越來越複雜，有大量的干擾和機會讓大腦開始思考一些對任務不重要的事情。

He outperformed you pretty significantly at those tasks if we were to compare both your scores to a normal population of which we have data.

如果我們將你們的分數與我們擁有數據的正常人群進行比較，他在這些任務上的表現明顯優於你。

He's in the 98th%ile and you're probably the 60 or 70%ile.

他的成績在98%左右，而你可能是60或70%左右。

So are we talking about self selection here?

那麼我們在這裡談論的是自我選擇嗎？

Is is it that people who are good at this stuff are playing games or is there proof that games can actually improve your cognition in that way?

是擅長這些東西的人都在玩遊戲，還是有證據表明遊戲確實能以這種方式提高你的認知能力？

No, I think for sure games can help improve your cognition.

不，我認為肯定的是，遊戲可以幫助提高你的認知能力。

Playing video games can be very high speed, can create a lot of chaos, create a lot of multiple environments where you have to make decisions and all of these reforming skills in the brain.

玩電子遊戲可以是非常高速的，可以創造很多混亂，創造很多多種環境，你必須做出決定，所有這些改革大腦的技能。

So no, I I think in general, just like in every capacity of human performance, we all start with some baseline Based on genetics, but the opportunity to train cognition I think is really powerful.

所以，我認為一般來說，就像人類的每一種能力一樣，我們都是從一些基於遺傳學的基線開始的，但我認為訓練認知的機會真的很強大。

Okay, so a pro-Gamer who's 20 years younger than me beat me in a few cognitive tests.

好吧，一個比我年輕20歲的親衛隊成員在一些認知測試中擊敗了我。

I mean of course he did.

我的意思是他當然會這樣做。

But what does science have to say about all this video games is a hugely broad category.

但是，科學對這一切有什麼看法呢 視頻遊戲是一個非常廣泛的類別。

Um and we know for sure that the impact of a game has to do with what you're asked to do.

嗯，我們肯定地知道，一個遊戲的影響與要求你做的事情有關。

So because of that different games will have different impacts on on the brain.

是以，不同的遊戲會對大腦產生不同的影響。

You know, you wouldn't ask what's the impact of food on your body.

你知道，你不會問食物對你的身體有什麼影響。

Um you don't want to know the composition of the food, right?

嗯，你不想知道食物的成分，對嗎？

Um and so the same is true of video games.

嗯，所以電子遊戲也是如此。

So um you know, depending on what we would call the mechanics, the dynamics, the content of individual games, that is what would predict how the games will affect your brain?

所以，嗯，你知道，根據我們所說的機制，動態，個別遊戲的內容，這是什麼會預測遊戲將如何影響你的大腦？

Action games like counterstrike, Overwatch and Fortnite are some of the most popular with consumers these days.

像counterstrike、Overwatch和Fortnite這樣的動作遊戲是如今最受消費者歡迎的一些遊戲。

And Green and his colleagues have two games like those to find out what their impact is.

而格林和他的同事們有兩場這樣的比賽，以瞭解他們的影響是什麼。

There are a subtype of games, action games that have been linked with positive effects in perceptual and cognitive skills.

有一種亞類型的遊戲，即動作遊戲，與知覺和認知技能的積極影響有關。

These are games that have lots of fast motion in them.

這些是有很多快速運動的遊戲。

Lots of objects to track simultaneously.

有很多物體需要同時追蹤。

An emphasis on peripheral processing.

強調外圍處理。

So items first come at the edges of the screen, the need to make quick and accurate decisions under time pressure.

是以，項目首先出現在螢幕的邊緣，需要在時間壓力下做出快速和準確的決定。

Based on 15 years worth of studies, researchers have found that action games biggest positive effects were on perception, how our senses interpret external stimuli like sights and sounds, spatial cognition which helps you orient yourself in and navigate three d environments and top down attention.

根據15年的研究，研究人員發現，動作遊戲最大的積極影響是對感知，我們的感官如何解釋外部刺激，如視覺和聽覺，空間認知，這有助於你在三維環境中定位和導航，以及自上而下的注意力。

The ability to focus on one object while ignoring distractions.

專注於一個物體而忽略分心的能力。

How far that generalizes I think is a pretty open question.

這在多大程度上具有普遍性，我認為這是一個相當開放的問題。

So my expectation is that there are plenty of people who show pretty exceptional hand eye coordination with the joystick might not be able to catch a baseball very well.

所以我的期望是，有很多人在使用操縱桿時表現出相當出色的手眼協調能力，但可能無法很好地抓住棒球。

Right?

對嗎？

Um And so um it's certainly the case that um perceptual motor skill development in one area won't necessarily generalize to all areas.

當然，一個地區的知覺運動技能的發展不一定能推廣到所有地區。

I'm curious about thoughts that you have about the thresholds between benefits gained from action games and where those diminishing returns might kick in.

我很好奇你對從動作遊戲中獲得的利益之間的閾值的想法，以及這些收益遞減可能在哪裡啟動。

You will get more learning gain from smaller sessions spread out over time than one big block.

比起一個大塊頭，你會從分散在各個時間段的小課程中獲得更多的學習收穫。

With respect to perceptual and cognitive skills.

在感知和認知能力方面。

We've either seen a positive impact or a null impact.

我們要麼看到積極的影響，要麼看到無效的影響。

We haven't seen any area that has been damaged where there is worse performance.

我們還沒有看到任何被破壞的區域有更差的性能。

So those are the positive effects of playing action games.

是以，這些是玩動作遊戲的積極影響。

But what if you could develop games that specifically harness those cognitive effects?

但如果你能開發出專門利用這些認知效果的遊戲呢？

That's exactly what researchers are attempting at UCSF neuroscience lab.

這正是加州大學舊金山分校神經科學實驗室的研究人員正在嘗試的。

Our goal is to bridge technology and neuroscience to improve the function of the reason we focus on cognitive control is because we look at it as a very sort of base of the pyramid that all other aspects of cognition like memory or reasoning decision making all the way up to things like wisdom are dependent upon it.

我們的目標是在技術和神經科學之間架起橋樑，以改善認知控制的功能。我們之所以關注認知控制，是因為我們把它看成是金字塔的一種基礎，認知的所有其他方面，如記憶或推理決策，一直到像智慧這樣的東西都依賴於它。

If you can't pay attention, everything crumbles right.

如果你不能注意，一切都會崩潰的吧。

You can't build any of the higher order cognitive abilities.

你無法建立任何高階認知能力。

Their custom designing games that could one day be prescribed as a kind of digital medicine for patients with conditions like A.

他們定製設計的遊戲，有朝一日可以作為一種數字醫學處方，用於治療像A那樣的病人。

D.

D.

H.

H.

D.

D.

So we're pharmaceutical medicines deliver molecular treatments.

是以，我們是製藥藥品提供分子治療。

We think of this medicine as a digital medicine that delivers experiential treatments.

我們認為這種醫學是一種提供體驗式治療的數字醫學。

The video game is essentially like our pill.

視頻遊戲本質上就像我們的藥丸。

They hooked me up with an E.

他們給我聯繫了一個E。

E.

E.

G.

G.

Cap so that I could see my brain activity in real time while playing a steering game called project evo and we'll see your brain responding to it and there are signs it's working.

帽子，這樣我就可以在玩一個名為project evo的轉向遊戲時實時看到我的大腦活動，我們會看到你的大腦對它的反應，而且有跡象表明它正在發揮作用。

So that game is now in the FDA approval process to become the first ever describable video game.

是以，該遊戲現在正處於美國食品和藥物管理局的審批過程中，成為有史以來第一個可描述的視頻遊戲。

What we have frequently found is that we're able to get transfer of benefits from gameplay to other aspects of attention that are very different than the game, neuroscience is also experimenting with virtual reality because VR can utilize your whole body as a controller and may well be able to compound the benefits for things like attention and memory.

我們經常發現的是，我們能夠從遊戲中獲得的好處轉移到與遊戲非常不同的注意力的其他方面，神經科學也在試驗虛擬現實，因為VR可以利用你的整個身體作為控制器，很可能能夠複合注意力和記憶等方面的好處。

A lot of data has shown that physical activity, even devoid of cognitive challenges has positive benefits on your brain, especially the aging brain.

很多數據顯示，體育活動，即使沒有認知挑戰，也對你的大腦有積極的好處，特別是衰老的大腦。

So we asked the question, what happens if you give physical challenges that are integrated with cognitive challenge and create a sort of integrated approach?

是以，我們提出了一個問題，如果你給身體上的挑戰與認知上的挑戰相結合，創造一種綜合的方法，會發生什麼？

Um will you have even more cognitive benefits if you're moving your entire body embodied challenges as opposed to playing that same game, just sitting there, just moving your fingers and we're testing that right now now, despite your findings and despite the fact that you've been able to replicate this and you're in phase three trials, there doesn't seem to be consensus in the medical community.

嗯，如果你移動你的整個身體體現的挑戰，而不是玩同樣的遊戲，只是坐在那裡，只是移動你的手指，你是否會有更多的認知好處，現在我們正在測試，儘管你的發現，儘管你已經能夠複製這個事實，你在三期試驗中，醫學界似乎沒有共識。

There are a lot of other scientists who say, well, no, I mean any any positives that you can derive from games are kind of mild and transitory at best.

還有很多其他科學家說，嗯，不，我的意思是，你能從遊戲中得到的任何積極因素，充其量是一種溫和和過渡性的。

How do you respond to that?

你如何迴應這個問題？

It's a complicated field and it's still early days.

這是一個複雜的領域，現在還處於早期階段。

I'm at least cautiously optimistic Based on what we've seen over the last 10 years that were really onto something that's going to be very positive for people using video games as a therapeutic.

基於我們在過去10年中所看到的，我至少持謹慎的樂觀態度，因為我們真的發現了一些對使用視頻遊戲作為治療手段的人來說將是非常積極的。

And if these games are prescribed one day to improve brain function, there are still questions about what the dosage should be.

而如果有一天這些遊戲被開來改善大腦功能，那麼關於劑量應該是多少，仍然存在疑問。

It is important to make it fun, but it is also critical to think of it as something that's dosed and played for a limited time and not interfering with the other important activities in your life.

讓它變得有趣是很重要的，但同樣關鍵的是，要把它看作是在有限時間內服用和玩耍的東西，不要干擾你生活中的其他重要活動。

Okay, now for the bad news, avid gaming can lead to injuries.

好了，現在說說壞消息，狂熱的遊戲會導致受傷。

I see many people have repetitive motion injuries from gaming extensively.

我看到很多人因為廣泛的遊戲而有重複性運動損傷。

You know, many gamers will gain from 8 to 16 hours a day, six or seven days a week.

你知道，許多遊戲者每天會有8到16個小時的收益，每週有6或7天。

So my goal when I'm talking to them, finding how much the game which games that they're playing and what are their injuries.

是以，當我與他們交談時，我的目標是找到他們正在玩的遊戲有多少，他們的傷病是什麼。

So injuries are the following often finger injuries, wrist injuries, elbow injuries, shoulder injuries, neck injuries, it's the wide gamut of the human body really.

是以，受傷的情況如下：手指受傷，手腕受傷，肘部受傷，肩部受傷，頸部受傷，這是人體的廣泛範圍，真的。

Dr Harrison also sees something he calls gamer's thumb.

哈里森博士還看到了一種他稱之為遊戲者拇指的東西。

And this is an issue whereby someone will have tendonitis the back of their thumb as well as on the volar aspect of palmer aspect of their thumb.

這是一個問題，有人會在他們的拇指背面以及拇指的掌心方面有肌腱炎。

So they'll have pain in the back of the thumb and the front.

所以他們會在拇指的後部和前部出現疼痛。

Now that I've only seen with gamers when they present with that they have really abused their bodies.

現在我只在遊戲玩家身上看到，當他們呈現出這種情況時，他們真的濫用了自己的身體。

Their thumbs are really on fire when this bad boy is down, then you got you got a problem.

當這個壞小子倒下時，他們的拇指真的著火了，那麼你就有麻煩了。

So I'm here, I'm your patient, I don't have big problems yet but I want to prevent problems.

所以我在這裡，我是你的病人，我還沒有大問題，但我想預防問題。

So let me show you like let's say five basic stretches so you wanna go down and then bring your fingers up, you feel that and loosen up your joints as well as for your risk just to start opening up everything and you get everything moving really nice in and out with the thumb.

所以讓我告訴你，比如說五個基本的伸展動作，所以你想往下走，然後把你的手指抬起來，你感覺到這一點，並放鬆你的關節，以及你的風險，只是為了開始打開一切，你得到的一切移動真的很好，與拇指。

Right then down.

向右然後向下。

This is one of the fundamental stretches that every gamer should do.

這是每個遊戲者都應該做的基本伸展動作之一。

Council based, keyboard based mouse, whatever that is you want to have a healthy thumb, you do them for 5 to 10 minutes twice a day.

以理事會為基礎，以鍵盤為基礎的滑鼠，無論你想擁有一個健康的拇指，你每天兩次做5到10分鐘。

Not difficult.

不難。

I think video games are great.

我認為視頻遊戲很好。

Moderation is the key.

適度是關鍵。

If you overdo it then there are always issues that will be attached to that look there's no question the gaming can wear you out.

如果你做得過火，那麼總會有一些問題會附在這個外觀上，毫無疑問，遊戲會讓你疲憊不堪。

Some gamers at the sports academy even subject themselves to cryotherapy after long sessions, the jury's still out on its effectiveness but some players swear by it so I decided to give it a try.

體育學院的一些玩家甚至在長時間的訓練後對自己進行冷凍治療，其有效性仍無定論，但一些玩家對其發誓，所以我決定嘗試一下。

Alright so there's freezing cold gas, it's dry.

好吧，所以有冰冷的氣體，它是乾燥的。

Go through this for 2, 2.5, 3 minutes when you come out, which I can only hope is going to be some time sometime soon when you come out and your body starts to warm up again, your blood then starts to recirculate and it goes back out to your extremities and the idea being that the circulation feels amazing and you go to the surgery and the gene.

當你出來時，通過這個2、2.5、3分鐘，我只能希望是在不久的某個時候，當你出來時，你的身體又開始變暖，你的血液然後開始再循環，它又回到你的四肢，想法是，循環感覺很好，你去做手術和基因。

Alright, those 2.5 minutes I made it.

好吧，這2.5分鐘我做到了。

Oh man!

哦，天哪!

So what have we learned here other than the fact that I'm a masochist, gaming can be good for your hand, eye coordination and perception can help with focus, attention, maybe even memory.

那麼，除了我是一個受虐狂，遊戲可以對你的手、眼協調和感知有好處，可以幫助集中注意力，甚至是記憶，我們在這裡學到了什麼？

Just how all that translates into the real world though.

只是這一切如何轉化為現實世界，雖然。

Still up for debate.

仍有待商榷。

We also know that repetitive gaming can take a toll on your body.

我們也知道，重複性的遊戲會對你的身體造成傷害。

So a little bit of moderation goes a long way when it comes to my own experience.

是以，當談到我自己的經驗時，一點點的節制是很重要的。

I've played games for more than 30 years, never suffered any gaming-related injuries.

我玩了30多年的遊戲，從未受過任何與遊戲有關的傷害。

And while I may never know if gaming help my brain, I do know it didn't destroy it.

雖然我可能永遠不知道遊戲是否有助於我的大腦，但我知道它沒有破壞它。

So take that mom.

所以，拿著這個媽媽。