What do all these words have in common there the past few years have seen a huge boom in searches for environmentally friendly products and services, which on the one hand is amazing because it means individuals care more than ever about the planet.

所有這些詞有什麼共同點呢？在過去幾年中，對環保產品和服務的搜索出現了巨大的熱潮，這一方面令人驚訝，因為這意味著個人比以往更關心地球。

As a result, it's led to a massive industry and the rise of green marketing or greenwashing, some of which is specifically designed to trick consumers in order to simply sell more products, but no more.

是以，它導致了一個龐大的產業和綠色營銷或綠色清洗的興起，其中一些是專門用來欺騙消費者的，目的只是為了銷售更多的產品，但沒有更多。

It's time to call them out.

現在是時候叫他們出來了。

With studies over the last 10 years have found that 90% of products in big box retailers throughout Canada, the US Australia and the UK fall into one of these seven categories, which might be catching your attention when you're shopping but not exactly living up to the standards.

通過過去10年的研究發現，在整個加拿大、美國、澳洲和英國的大盒子零售商中，90%的產品都屬於這七個類別之一，當你購物時，這些產品可能會引起你的注意，但並沒有完全達到標準。

You hope they are.

你希望他們是。

First up, we have.

首先，我們有。

This is when a company highlights the importance of fixing one environmental issue while potentially hiding a more concerning one.

這是指公司在強調解決一個環境問題的重要性的同時，可能會隱藏一個更令人擔憂的問題。

Let's take nestle for example, Oh, nestle, the company that takes water from my hometown's aquifer wrapped in plastic and sells it around the world.

讓我們以雀巢公司為例，哦，雀巢公司，這家公司從我家鄉的含水層中取水，用塑料包裝，然後在全世界銷售。

The company that took spring water 120 miles from flint michigan for their water bottles while michigan was suffering a major lead contamination water crisis.

在密歇根州遭遇重大鉛汙染水危機時，這家公司從密歇根州弗林特120英里的地方取來泉水裝在水瓶裡。

How cute!

多麼可愛!

And as one of the world's largest water bottle manufacturers, you can imagine they're also one of the largest global polluters of single use plastic, wow.

而作為世界上最大的水瓶製造商之一，你可以想象他們也是全球最大的一次性塑膠汙染者之一，哇。

In fact, a 2017 beach cleanup in the Philippines found nestle products, the most common brand of litter now.

事實上，2017年在菲律賓的一次海灘清理中發現了雀巢產品，這是現在最常見的垃圾品牌。

Nestle in the meantime has made a pledge that by 2025 100% of their packaging will be recyclable and reusable.

同時，雀巢公司已經做出承諾，到2025年，他們的包裝將100%可回收和重複使用。

Amazing.

令人驚歎。

Finally, one of the world's largest polluters of single use plastic is taking a stand except they're not really of the 20,000 water bottles bought globally every minute, less than half of those are recycled, which means that more than 10,000 bottles bought every minute end up in a landfill or the ocean and take about hundreds of years to completely degrade.

最後，世界上最大的一次性塑膠汙染者之一正在表明立場，除了他們不是真的在全球每分鐘購買的20,000個水瓶中，只有不到一半的水瓶被回收，這意味著每分鐘有超過10,000個購買的水瓶最終進入垃圾填埋場或海洋，需要大約幾百年的時間才能完全降解。

And even if nestle does hit that fully recyclable target, it's worth noting that the world literally does not have the infrastructure in place to recycle all these bottles.

即使雀巢真的達到了完全可回收的目標，值得注意的是，世界上確實沒有基礎設施來回收所有這些瓶子。

Most recently in 2018 china's national sword policy banned the import of most plastics, which means that millions of recycled materials from the U.

最近在2018年中國的國劍政策禁止進口大多數塑膠，這意味著數百萬來自美國的回收材料。

S.

S.

Are simply becoming waste.

正在簡單地成為廢物。

Companies like nestle market one angle like recycle ability without acknowledging or taking responsibility for the fact that there currently is no way to recycle all these products up next, which is when organizations make environmental claims that they have no evidence for it happens all the time.

像雀巢這樣的公司從回收能力這樣的角度進行營銷，而不承認或承擔目前沒有辦法回收所有這些產品的事實，這就是當組織提出環保主張時，他們沒有證據，而這種情況一直在發生。

Let's take Nest labs as an example, one of the biggest producers of thermostats which eventually became google nest In 2013 nest labs claimed that nest thermostats were the most environmentally friendly product in comparison to their competitors, which is great except for the fact that they had no proof for this claim and were later forced to remove it when they were investigated.

讓我們以Nest labs為例，它是最大的恆溫器生產商之一，最終成為google nest。2013年，nest labs聲稱，與競爭對手相比，nest恆溫器是最環保的產品，這很好，只是他們沒有證據證明這一說法，後來被調查時被迫刪除。

And this is the tough part about companies making false claims because we often don't know as consumers until it's too late.

而這正是公司進行虛假宣傳的艱難之處，因為作為消費者，我們往往在為時已晚時才知道。

A lot of these companies seem to operate on ask for forgiveness, not permission.

這些公司中的很多人似乎都是在請求寬恕，而不是請求允許。

If a company does make a claim, the best we can do is verify that it's backed by some government body or reputable organization, which is trash pun intended because it puts all the onus on the consumer to research every single product they buy.

如果一家公司確實提出了一個主張，我們能做的最好的事情就是核實它是否得到一些政府機構或有信譽的組織的支持，這是垃圾的雙關語，因為它把所有的責任放在消費者身上，讓他們研究他們購買的每一件產品。

This is where all the cute new catchphrases fall under like green or eco friendly in Canada greenwashing is technically illegal.

這就是所有可愛的新口號的歸宿，如綠色或生態友好，在加拿大，洗綠在技術上是非法的。

For example, the term all natural must not a include added vitamins, minerals, nutrients, artificial flavors or food additives, be have anything removed other than water.

例如，全天然一詞不得包括添加的維生素、礦物質、營養物質、人工香料或食品添加劑，不得有除水以外的任何東西。

See go through any processes that significantly alter the original physical chemical or biological state, which sounds good on paper.

看到經過任何明顯改變原始物理化學或生物狀態的過程，這在紙上聽起來不錯。

Except there's a loophole where companies can stay made with natural flavors.

除了有一個漏洞，公司可以保持用天然香料製造。

If just one of the flavors they mention is natural while every other ingredient in their product is artificial or synthetic and that's at least partially regulated here.

如果只是他們提到的一種口味是天然的，而他們產品中的其他每一種成分都是人工或合成的，而這在這裡至少有部分監管。

Meanwhile, words like environmentally friendly or ethical are much more vague and meaningless and in many parts of the world, no legal ramifications actually exists.

同時，像環境友好型或道德型這樣的詞彙更加模糊和沒有意義，在世界許多地方，實際上不存在任何法律後果。

So if a company isn't explaining exactly how they're more environmentally friendly or what they're comparing it to because remember everything we make has an environmental cost, they're likely just using words to sell a product to, you know, but the soft, blue and green packaging with pictures of nature and look at the little birdie and and the cute bears.

是以，如果一家公司沒有確切地解釋他們是如何更加環保的，或者他們與什麼相比較，因為記住我們所做的一切都有環境成本，他們很可能只是用文字來銷售產品，你知道，但柔軟的、藍色和綠色的包裝上有大自然的圖片，看看小鳥和和可愛的小熊。

It must be environmentally friendly, nope, not likely.

它必須是環保的，不，不可能。

While the FTC in America has had green guides for businesses since 1992 they're not legally binding though.

雖然美國聯邦貿易委員會自1992年以來就有針對企業的綠色指南，但它們沒有法律約束力。

Some states like California now do have eco labeling laws to protect consumers.

一些州如加州現在確實有生態標籤法，以保護消費者。

Similarly, the UK doesn't have specific anti greenwashing laws, but misleading claims can fall under consumer protection laws, packaging that focuses on what's not in the product can often be a red flag as it's often used to distract you from the actual ingredient list.

同樣，英國沒有專門的反洗綠法，但誤導性的說法可以歸入消費者保護法，注重產品中沒有的東西的包裝常常是一個紅旗，因為它常常被用來分散你對實際成分表的注意力。

While in cosmetics, they often focus on one specific natural ingredient to give the illusion that the other ingredients are not harmful to you or the planet is when an environmental claim is not helpful or relevant.

雖然在化妝品中，他們經常專注於一種特定的天然成分，給人一種其他成分對你或地球無害的錯覺，但這時的環保聲明是沒有幫助的，也沒有意義。

For example, chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs, which can be used as refrigerants are banned in 197 countries across the world because of their environmental impact.

例如，可用作製冷劑的氯氟烴或氟氯化碳因其對環境的影響，在全世界197個國家被禁止使用。

And yet companies still find the need to emphasize that products are CFC free in an attempt to appear as if they're taking responsibility for protecting the environment.

然而，公司仍然認為有必要強調產品不含氟氯化碳，試圖讓人覺得他們對保護環境負有責任。

In reality, CFC isn't present in their product because it's illegal and that's a good thing.

在現實中，氟氯化碳不存在於他們的產品中，因為它是非法的，這是件好事。

The CFC ban helped protect the ozone and reduce greenhouse gas emissions drastically in the past two decades, but with HFC now replacing CFC there is a risk that it's not regulated enough and could do similar damage and that's why it's still important that we put research and regulations around alternative solutions as well.

在過去20年裡，氟氯化碳禁令幫助保護了臭氧，並大幅減少了溫室氣體排放，但隨著氫氟碳化物現在取代了氟氯化碳，存在著監管不足的風險，可能會造成類似的損害，這就是為什麼我們把研究和監管圍繞替代解決方案也很重要。

And it's frustrating to see companies hijacking the ignorance of consumers just so they can have a marketing talking point that is ultimately the bare minimum legally, when a slightly less harmful product is created in an environmentally harmful field, it's often touted very loudly, for example, when you see cars labeled as more fuel efficient, that's great on the one hand, but the cars are still adding significantly to C.

而看到公司劫持消費者的無知，只是為了讓他們有一個營銷的話題，最終在法律上是最起碼的，當在一個對環境有害的領域創造出一個稍微不那麼有害的產品時，往往會被非常大聲地吹捧，例如，當你看到汽車被標記為更省油，這一方面很好，但汽車仍然在大大增加C。

02 emissions worldwide in 2019, transportation accounted for 29% of us greenhouse gas emissions alternatives are awesome, but they can still be harmful to the environment, which is why it's important to remember that sometimes reducing or completely minimizing our use of services and products is actually the most impactful thing we can do as the name suggests, is outright false claims by corporations.

02年全球的排放量，交通佔我們溫室氣體排放的29%替代品很厲害，但它們仍然會對環境造成傷害，這就是為什麼要記住，有時減少或完全減少我們對服務和產品的使用實際上是我們能做的最有影響的事情，正如其名稱所示，是企業徹頭徹尾的虛假說法。

Vehicle manufacturers have been the most recent culprits in 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency found that Volkswagen used emission cheating software when external testing took place in their facilities to ensure that diesel vehicles emitted less gas and appeared cleaner than other vehicles, but Volkswagen isn't alone, Mercedes Chevrolet and ford have also been found guilty of using emissions cheating software to bypass inspections and this is where we have to demand regulations and way stricter penalties for companies that make these kind of fake claims.

2015年，汽車製造商是最近的罪魁禍首，環境保護局發現大眾汽車公司在其設施中進行外部測試時使用了排放作弊軟件，以確保柴油車排放的氣體更少，看起來比其他車輛更清潔，但大眾汽車公司並不孤單，梅賽德斯-雪佛蘭和福特也被發現使用排放作弊軟件繞過檢查，這就是我們必須要求對做出這種虛假聲明的公司進行監管和更嚴格的處罰的地方。

It's hard enough to find environmental alternatives without the added layer of companies straight up lying to our faces and then really only facing a slap on the wrist or a minor fine.

要找到環保替代品已經很困難了，如果沒有公司當著我們的面撒謊，然後真的只面臨一個巴掌或一個小的罰款。

We promise not to repeat a decades long scam on consumers ever again.

我們承諾不再重複幾十年來對消費者的騙局。

We swear nobody in the company knew this is related to the hundreds of third party certification and claims given to products with no real guarantee.

我們發誓公司裡沒有人知道這與數百個第三方認證和給予產品的索賠有關，沒有真正的保證。

The claims are true.

這些說法是真實的。

Of course there are some labels that are audited and more legitimate than others.

當然，有一些標籤是經過審計的，比其他標籤更合法。

But as an example in one research study, a product of paper towels had a certification that said fights global warming.

但作為一項研究的例子，一種紙巾產品有一個認證，說是對抗全球變暖。

There needs to be a huge emphasis on reputation for third party verification because a lot of these third party organizations claim they'll verify but don't do often enough.

需要大力強調第三方驗證的聲譽，因為很多這些第三方組織聲稱他們會驗證，但並不經常做。

And as a consumer, how are we supposed to understand the legitimacy of every single label that could possibly be slapped on the product?

而作為一個消費者，我們怎麼能理解每一個可能被貼在產品上的標籤的合法性？

We can't.

我們不能。

So what can you do?

那麼你能做什麼呢？

Okay, so this was a law and it might sound a little dooming gloom.

好吧，這是一條法律，聽起來可能有點厄運纏身。

Sorry about that.

對此我很抱歉。

Ad these sins on top of the fact that we hear about cotton tote bags creating less waste, but more C.

把這些罪過加在我們聽到的棉質手提袋創造更少的廢物，但更多的是C。

02 than plastic bags or electric vehicles only being more environmentally friendly when the local grid they're on is also using renewable energy and not just creating that electricity from fossil fuels or the fact that the lithium mining of their batteries is related to the destruction of freshwater supplies and fish or how ride sharing apps claim to be part of the solution by streamlining transportation but only added more vehicle miles than ever.

02比塑膠袋或電動車只有在它們所在的當地電網也使用可再生能源，而不僅僅是用化石燃料發電時才更環保，或者它們電池的鋰礦開採與淡水供應和魚類的破壞有關，或者共享汽車應用程序如何聲稱通過簡化交通成為解決方案的一部分，但只是比以往增加了更多的車輛里程。

It can sometimes feel like there's no hope and no matter what we do, we lose.

有時會覺得沒有希望，無論我們做什麼，都會輸。

Not to mention straws getting so much attention.

更不用說吸管得到如此多的關注。

But obviously there are genuine, major efforts by some corporations and brands to not only minimize their impact but actually create more sustainable products.

但顯然，一些企業和品牌做出了真正的重大努力，不僅將其影響降到最低，而且實際上創造了更多的可持續產品。

So how do we know what to support?

那麼，我們如何知道該支持什麼呢？

The shitty part of the answer is to be more informed yourself, which I know is not scalable and puts the onus on you instead of the corporations who should be bearing the responsibility.

答案中糟糕的部分是自己要更多地瞭解情況，我知道這是不可以擴展的，而且把責任放在你身上，而不是放在應該承擔責任的公司身上。

But if it's something you care about now it's a place to start.

但是，如果這是你現在關心的事情，這是一個開始的地方。

Long term we need to engage socially and politically.

長期而言，我們需要在社會和政治上進行參與。

I know for some people the word regulation might make you cringe, especially our american followers for some reason, but it works.

我知道對一些人來說，監管這個詞可能會讓你感到害怕，尤其是我們的美國追隨者，出於某種原因，但它是有效的。

Remember its regulation that made cigarette companies admit and openly show that they're bad for your health even when they swore up and down, they weren't.

請記住，是它的監管讓香菸公司承認並公開表明它們對你的健康有害，即使他們上下發誓，它們並沒有。

It was the Montreal protocol that helped establish an international treaty to help protect the ozone layer.

正是《蒙特利爾議定書》幫助建立了一個國際條約來幫助保護臭氧層。

This is what projections looked like with and without the protocol, the world's largest manufacturer of tissue paper Kimberly clark destroyed mass amounts of boreal forest in Canada, which was home to almost a million indigenous people.

這是投影的樣子，有和沒有協議，世界上最大的紙巾製造商金伯利-克拉克在加拿大摧毀了大量的北方森林，那裡是近百萬原住民的家園。

In response.

作為迴應。

The clear cut campaign began and in 2011, a policy change took place that forced the company to purchase pulp outside the boreal forest.

清理運動開始了，在2011年，發生了政策變化，迫使公司在北方森林之外購買紙漿。

Now must be approved by the Forest stewardship Council, which is a third party organization that validates safe environments.

現在必須由森林管理委員會準許，這是一個驗證安全環境的第三方組織。

The keystone pipeline XL is one of the biggest climate change stories of the past decade, concern about damage to indigenous lands, oil spills, damaging the environment and the drilling of oil sands led to the State Department in the US creating a report That stated the environment was at little risk for harm.

基石管道XL是過去十年中最大的氣候變化故事之一，對破壞原住民土地、石油洩漏、破壞環境和鑽探油砂的擔憂，導致美國國務院編寫了一份報告，稱環境幾乎沒有受到損害的風險。

But the strange part about this report was that the authors had their names removed and when the names were finally revealed, it was shown that a lot of these members were responsible for approving other pipelines.

但這份報告的奇怪之處在於，作者的名字被刪除了，當名字最終被披露時，顯示這些成員中有很多人負責準許其他管道。

This conflict of interest was hidden to prove that the pipeline had little to no risk.

這種利益衝突被隱藏起來，以證明該管道幾乎沒有風險。

In reality it was very dangerous for the environment.

實際上，這對環境是非常危險的。

The protests against the pipeline got so big.

反對輸油管道的抗議活動變得如此之大。

In 2011, there was a span of two weeks in front of the White House where 1,253 arrests were made.

2011年，在白宮前有一個跨度為兩週的時間，有1253人被捕。

Where are we with the pipeline today?

今天，我們的管道在哪裡？

The great news is after a decade long fight, Transcanada has canceled the pipeline project.

好消息是，經過十年的鬥爭，Transcanada公司已經取消了該管道項目。

It can be a slog and take a long time, but when we stand up to corporations and the government to protect the environment, they have to listen.

這可能是一個艱難的過程，需要很長的時間，但當我們站在企業和政府面前保護環境時，他們必須聽從。

These companies aren't willingly going to sacrifice their profits for the betterment of humanity, so we need to make them and that starts by supporting or joining efforts or movements to impact our laws, an effort to protect the environment.

這些公司並不願意為了人類的進步而犧牲他們的利潤，所以我們需要讓他們，這要從支持或加入影響我們法律的努力或運動開始，這是保護環境的努力。

I hope this video while calling out the echo fakes of the world can also provide a little bit of hope.

我希望這段視頻在呼喚世界上的回聲假象的同時也能提供一點希望。

Yes, there will always be intentional scam artists.

是的，總是會有故意詐騙的人。

But knowing that every single day more individuals are caring about the environment, taking a stand in their own life and making their voice be heard gives me a lot of hope in the long run.

但是，知道每一天都有更多的人在關心環境，在自己的生活中表明立場，併發出自己的聲音，從長遠來看，這給我帶來了很大的希望。

We've seen a lot of great examples of what happens when people stand up and I think we're going to see a lot more.

我們已經看到了很多偉大的例子，當人們站起來的時候會發生什麼，我想我們會看到更多。

Speaking of change, I want to thank today's sponsor skill share who's giving a free month trial to the 1st 1000 people who click the link in our description.

說到變化，我要感謝今天的贊助商技能分享，他們為點擊我們描述中的鏈接的前1000人提供了一個月的免費試用。

Absolutely love skill share.

絕對喜歡技能分享。

Like they're one of our favorite sponsors that I have genuinely learned so much from.

就像他們是我們最喜歡的贊助商之一，我從他們那裡真正學到了很多東西。

It's an online learning community with thousands of inspiring classes for anyone who wants to learn a new skill or explore their creativity.

這是一個在線學習社區，有數以千計的鼓舞人心的課程，供任何想學習新技能或探索其創造力的人使用。

Want to learn about editing boom, they have it, want to learn about self care problem, they have that to want to learn more about music like me then take the one I just took called songwriting for social Change, creating music with purpose by Steph Reed.

想了解編輯方面的問題，他們有，想了解自我護理方面的問題，他們也有，想了解更多關於音樂的問題，比如我，那麼請聽我剛聽過的一門課，叫《為社會變革寫歌，有目的的創造音樂》，作者是斯蒂芬-裡德。

You know, I love making music for ASAP Science, it's one of my favorite things and this course allow me to think more deeply about what it stands for and how to craft it in a way that feels meaningful to me.

你知道，我喜歡為ASAP Science製作音樂，這是我最喜歡的事情之一，這門課程讓我更深入地思考它所代表的意義，以及如何以一種對我有意義的方式來製作它。

Maybe this episode should have been like a 10 minute long song instead.

也許這一集應該像一首10分鐘的長歌，而不是。

See skill share, inspiring ideas on top of all that.

看技能分享，在此基礎上的啟發式想法。

The course provided amazing songwriting and producing tips, skill share is an amazing way to invest in yourself and well being.

該課程提供了驚人的歌曲創作和製作技巧，技能分享是一種投資於自己和健康的驚人方式。

It's ad free, they're launching premium classes every week and they have subtitles in spanish french Portuguese and german, so why not make 2022 a year of new learning connection and growth through creativity.

它是無廣告的，他們每週都會推出高級課程，而且有西班牙文、法文、葡萄牙文和德文的字幕，所以為什麼不把2022年作為新的學習聯繫和通過創造力成長的一年。

So check out skill share and get a free month trial.

是以，請查看技能分享並獲得一個月的免費試用。

If you're one of the 1st 1000 people to click that link below, What are you waiting for?

如果你是第一個點擊下面鏈接的1000人之一，你還等什麼呢？

Thank you so much for watching.

非常感謝您的觀看。