This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

這是BBC學習英語的6分鐘英語。

I’m Rob.

我是羅伯。

And I’m Sam.

而我是山姆。

When we think about famous figures in the history of

當我們想到歷史上的著名人物時

science, people like Albert Einstein and

科學，像阿爾伯特-愛因斯坦和

Marie Curie, the name of Charles Darwin often comes up.

瑪麗-居里，查爾斯-達爾文的名字經常被提起。

Darwin is most famous for his theory of evolution,

達爾文最著名的是他的進化論。

the idea that animals change and adapt in response

動物變化和適應的思想

to their environment.

對他們的環境。

In the 1830s he visited the Galapagos,

在19世紀30年代，他訪問了加拉帕戈斯。

a string of islands in the Pacific Ocean

一連串的島嶼，在太平洋上

famous because of the unique animals living there.

因生活在那裡的獨特動物而聞名。

It was while in the Galapagos, observing small birds

正是在加拉帕戈斯，觀察小鳥的時候

called finches, that Darwin started forming his theory of

達爾文開始形成他的 "雀鳥 "理論。

evolution.

演變。

But today, the animals of the Galapagos face

但今天，加拉帕戈斯的動物們面臨著

the same pressures as animals across the world

與世界各地的動物一樣承受著同樣的壓力

because of the effects of man-made climate change.

因為人為的氣候變化的影響。

Warming sea waters and more frequent extreme

海水變暖和更頻繁的極端天氣

weather events are affecting animals

天氣事件對動物的影響

as much as humans, so, in this programme,

和人類一樣多，所以，在這個節目中。

we’ll be asking ‘can animals evolve

我們會問 "動物能進化嗎？

to deal with climate change?’

來應對氣候變化？

But first I have a question for you, Sam, and it’s about

但首先我有一個問題要問你，山姆，是關於

Charles Darwin’s trip to the Galapagos.

查爾斯-達爾文的加拉帕戈斯之旅。

In 1831, Darwin set sail around the world,

1831年，達爾文起航環遊世界。

collecting samples of flora and fauna,

採集動植物的樣本。

the plants and animals, of the places he visited.

他所訪問的地方的植物和動物。

But what was the name of the ship he sailed in?

但他所乘的船叫什麼名字？

a) HMS Beagle b) HMS Victory

a) HMS Beagle號 b) HMS Victory號

c) SS Great Britain

c) 大不列顛號

Hmm, maybe it was B. HMS Victory.

嗯，也許是B. HMS Victory。

Are you sure?

你確定嗎？

No.

沒有。

OK.

好的。

I’ll reveal the correct answer later in the programme.

我將在節目中稍後揭曉正確答案。

Now, it may have been the Galapagos finches that started

現在，可能是加拉帕戈斯的雀鳥開始了

Charles Darwin thinking about how animals adapt to

查爾斯-達爾文思考動物如何適應

their environment but, as naturalist, Kiyoko Gotanda

但正如博物學家五反田清子所言，他們的環境

explained to BBC World Service programme The Climate Question,

他向BBC世界服務節目《氣候問題》解釋說。

Darwin’s first impression of the small birds

達爾文對小鳥的第一印象

wasn’t very good:

不是很好。

When Darwin got to the Galapagos Islands,

當達爾文到了加拉帕戈斯群島。

he actually wasn’t that interested in the finches

其實他對這些雀鳥並不那麼感興趣

– they were kind of a drab colour and didn’t have a

- 它們是一種單調的顏色，而且沒有

very interesting song.

非常有趣的歌曲。

He sampled, though, the finches from different

不過，他對來自不同地區的雀鳥進行了採樣。

islands, and so when he got back to England he was

島嶼，所以當他回到英國時，他被

looking at all the variation in beak shape and size,

看著喙的形狀和大小的所有變化。

and body size and shape, and he was recalling how

和身體的大小和形狀，他正在回憶如何

certain finches were found on certain islands

在某些島嶼上發現了某些雀鳥

but not on other islands.

但在其他島嶼則沒有。

In contrast to more colourful birds like Galapagos parrots,

與加拉帕戈斯鸚鵡等色彩更豐富的鳥類相比。

the finches Darwin observed were drab, dull and

達爾文觀察到的雀鳥都是單調、沉悶和

boring-looking, with little colour.

看起來很無聊，沒有什麼色彩。

Instead, what Darwin noticed were variations in the finches’

相反，達爾文注意到的是雀類的變化。

beak, the hard, pointed part of a bird’s mouth.

喙，是鳥類嘴裡硬而尖的部分。

Finches born with a beak that could help them get

雀鳥出生時有一個可以幫助它們獲得的喙

more food were more likely to survive and have babies.

更多的食物更有可能存活下來並生下孩子。

Over time, as the birds passed on their successful genes,

隨著時間的推移，隨著鳥類將其成功的基因傳遞下去。

they adapted to fit in with their environment

他們適應環境，以適應他們的環境

– what we know as evolution.

- 我們所知道的進化。

So, if animals can evolve to survive their environment,

是以，如果動物能夠進化到在環境中生存。

can they also evolve to cope with the impact humans

它們是否也能進化以應對人類的影響？

are having on the climate?

對氣候有什麼影響？

Well, there’s already some evidence to show they can.

嗯，已經有一些證據表明他們可以。

Studies on birds in the Brazilian Amazon and red deer

關於巴西亞馬遜地區鳥類和紅鹿的研究

on the Isle of Rum, in Scotland, show warmer temperatures have

蘇格蘭朗姆島上的研究表明，較高的溫度已經導致了

caused animals to evolve smaller bodies.

導致動物進化出更小的身體。

It’s easier to keep cool when you’re small!

當你小的時候更容易保持冷靜!

American conservationist Thor Hanson records and measures anole lizards

美國保護主義者托爾-漢森記錄和測量螞蟻蜥蜴

in the Caribbean.

在加勒比地區。

He wants to see how the effects of man-made

他想看一看人為的影響是怎樣的。

climate change, in this case hurricanes, is affecting the lizards.

氣候變化，在這種情況下，颶風，正在影響蜥蜴。

Listen to what Thor found out as he speaks with presenters of

聽聽托爾發現了什麼，他與 "世界之聲 "的主持人進行了交談。

BBC World Service’s The Climate Question.

英國廣播公司世界頻道的《氣候問題》。

What you can see is that large toe pads and strong

你可以看到的是，大腳趾墊和強大的

front legs give some lizards a tighter grip.

前腿使一些蜥蜴的抓地力更強。

When they do start to let go and their body starts flapping

當他們真的開始放手，他們的身體開始拍打的時候

in the air like a flag, smaller back legs reduce

像旗幟一樣在空中飄揚，較小的後腿減少

the drag, and allow them to cling on and survive the hurricane.

拖動，讓他們緊緊抓住，在颶風中生存。

So the survivors were those lizards with those

是以，倖存者是那些帶著那些蜥蜴的人。

characteristics, and they passed those traits along

的特徵，他們將這些特徵傳遞給了

to their offspring.

給他們的後代。

Thor’s lizards developed stronger front legs and smaller back legs,

雷神的蜥蜴發展出更強大的前腿和更小的後腿。

allowing them to cling on, hold on to something tightly,

讓他們緊緊抓住，緊緊抓住什麼。

when hurricanes pass through.

當颶風經過的時候。

It’s this trait, a genetically-determined

正是這種特質，一種由基因決定的

characteristic, that allows the lizards to survive,

特性，這使得蜥蜴能夠生存。

and is passed on to their babies.

並傳給他們的嬰兒。

Thor checked other areas of the Caribbean where

索爾檢查了加勒比海的其他地區，那裡

hurricanes were frequent and found the same traits

颶風頻發，發現同樣的特徵

in lizards there, proof of evolution in action.

在那裡的蜥蜴中，進化的證據在發揮作用。

But whereas we often think of evolution happening

但是，儘管我們經常認為進化發生在

over hundreds, even thousands of years, the changes in the

經過幾百年，甚至幾千年的時間，在這個過程中的變化。

Caribbean lizards happened in around forty years,

加勒比海蜥蜴發生在大約四十年後。

something that would have surprised Charles Darwin.

這一點會讓查爾斯-達爾文感到驚訝。

Which reminds me of your question, Rob.

這讓我想起了你的問題，Rob。

Yes, I asked you for the name of the ship Darwin sailed

是的，我問你達爾文航行的船的名字

around the world in.

世界各地在。

Darwin’s ship was called the HMS Beagle and,

達爾文的船被稱為 "貝格爾號"，並且。

appropriately enough, it was named after an animal!

適當地，它是以一種動物的名字命名的!

A beagle is a type of dog.

小獵犬是狗的一種類型。

OK, let’s recap the vocabulary from this programme about

好吧，讓我們回顧一下這個節目中的詞彙，關於

evolution, the way living things adapt to their environment

進化，生物適應環境的方式

and pass these adaptations on to their children.

並將這些適應性傳遞給他們的孩子。

Flora and fauna is another way of saying the plants and animals

植物群和動物群是植物和動物的另一種說法

of a place.

的一個地方。

Drab means dull and colourless in appearance.

單調的意思是指外觀暗淡、無色。

A bird’s beak is the hard, pointed part of its mouth.

鳥的喙是其嘴的硬而尖的部分。

To cling on means to hold on very tightly.

緊緊抓住意味著非常緊地抓住。

And finally, a trait is a genetically-determined

最後，性狀是一種由基因決定的

characteristic.

特點。

Once again, our six minutes are up!

再一次，我們的六分鐘時間到了!

Join us again soon for more interesting topics and useful

很快就會再次加入我們，瞭解更多有趣的話題和有用的資訊。

vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.

詞彙在這裡6分鐘英語。

Goodbye for now!

暫時告別!

Bye!

再見！