Then, Britain gave it back to China with the agreement that China's leaders would respect Hong Kong's free and open society for at least the next 50 years.

然後，在中國領導人表示在接下來的50年內，會尊重香港社會的自由和開放的協議下，英國將香港歸還給了中國。

But just 25 years on...

但是，僅僅25年過去……

... Hong kong is now a police state with thousands arrested, jailed, or forced to flee.

香港現在變成了一個被極權統治的區域，數以千計的人被捕、入獄、或不得不逃亡。

So, what happened?

那麼，到底發生了什麼呢？

I'm Sue-Lin Wong, China correspondent for "The Economist".

我是黃淑琳，「經濟學人」雜誌的中國區記者。

I've spoken to a number of those exiled to find out how China managed to crush Hong kong.

為了查出中國到底是如何設法欺壓香港，我已經訪談了數位被流放的香港人民。

In 1989, Chinese troops opened fire on a crowd of demonstrators near Tiananmen Square, killing hundreds, if not thousands.

1989年，中國軍隊在天安門廣場附近向抗議的群眾開火，殺害了數百人，甚至數千人。

Every year since then, Hong Kongers have gathered on June 4th in Victoria Park to remember the massacre.

自從那年後，每年的六月四日，香港人民都會聚集在維多利亞公園以紀念那場屠殺。

But for the past two years, the park has stood empty.

但在過去的這兩年，那座公園一直空著。

Instead, the protests have spread to other cities such as here in London.

取而代之的是，抗議的活動已經蔓延到了其他地方，像是倫敦這裡。

Hong kong used to be the only place on Chinese soil where you could commemorate the victims of the Tiananmen Square massacre.

香港曾是在中國的領地上，唯一一個能夠紀念天安門事件的地方。

But over the past few years, as the political situation has become worse and more and more people have been arrested, the authorities have also banned any commemoration.

但在過去的幾年，隨著政治情勢越發惡化，越來越多的人民被逮補，當局已經禁止任何形式的紀念活動了。

The ruling Communist Party of China used the military to indefinitely murder innocent people in the capital city of Beijing with live ammunition.

執政中國的共產黨讓軍隊用真槍實彈在首都北京不分青紅皂白地殺害無辜人民。

One of the attendees in London is Dr. Chung, Kim-wah, an academic and a pollster.

其中一位在倫敦參加抗議活動的是鍾劍華博士，他是一名學者，也是位民意調查員。

Among Hong Kongers, He's a bit of a celebrity.

在香港人中，他是個有點名氣的人。

But just a couple of months ago, he made the difficult decision to flee Hong kong for his own safety.

但就在數月前，他下了一個艱難的決定：為了他自身的安全而逃離香港。

Today, Dr. Chung is on the move once more.

今天，鍾博士又再次地行動起來。

I come to UK in a rush.

我匆匆忙忙地來到英國。

So, I stayed with my friend for six weeks, and now, I find my own place.

所以，在過去的六週，我和我的朋友待在一起，現在，我有了自己的住所。

Of course I'm not that willing to move away from my hometown, the place where I grew up.

想當然，我很不願意離開我自己的家鄉，那個我長大的地方。

I always think that that is my motherland and I have to stay there and try to improve the situation.

我一直認為那是我的故鄉，而我必須留在那，努力改善局勢。

He hopes one day he'll return.

他希望有天他能夠返家。

But as china's grip on Hong kong gets ever tighter, that hope grows dimmer by the day.

但隨著中國對香港的掌控越來越緊，希望也就日漸渺茫。

After all, China's ambition to take full control of Hong Kong goes back many years.

畢竟，多年以前中國就有著想要完全掌控香港的野心。

From the moment the trading port was ceded to the British in 1842, the expectation was that Hong Kong would one day be a part of China once more.

從1842年這個貿易港口被割讓給英國的那刻起，人們就期待著香港會再一次成為中國的一部分。

Renowned journalist Ching Cheong grew up in Hong Kong in the 1950s and 60s.

知名的新聞記者程翔於1950和1960年代間在香港長大。

We all consider ourselves as Chinese because at that time, Hong Kong, to many of us, seems to be a place not belonging to us⏤eventually we'll return to China.

在那時，香港對大多數的我們而言，是不屬於我們的，所以我們當時都認為自己是中國人，而我們最終將會回到中國。

But in the 1950s, China was weak.

但在1950年代，中國還是一個弱國。

Its leader, Mao Zedong, had unleashed violent and destructive policies that killed millions and left the country in tatters.

當時的領導人：毛澤東，展開了一些暴力且毀滅性的政策，殺害了數百萬的人，讓這個國家滿目瘡痍。

We came to the understanding that the Mainland China has a completely different system and quite repressive as well because we have seen all the atrocities of the cultural revolution.

因為看到文化大革命下的暴行，我們漸漸明白中國大陸有著完全不同的制度，並且是相當壓迫人的。

At that time, the mass killing in China sent many dead bodies flowing from the rivers in Guangdong to Hong kong.

那時，在中國的大規模屠殺下，無數的屍體，順著廣東的河，流到了香港。

From that time onward, nobody is thinking of returning to China one day.

從那時起，沒有人再想著有一天回到中國。

But Ching Cheong was still curious to see China up close.

但程翔始終好奇的想近距離觀察中國。

So, in the 1970s, he became a journalist for a pro-Beijing newspaper.

所以，在1970年代，他成為了大公報的記者。

When I went to China, poverty is still very rampant.

當時我去中國時，貧窮還依舊隨處可見。

Everybody has to possess coupons in order to be able to buy food.

每個人都要有糧票才能買到食物。

Meanwhile, in Hong kong, rapid industrialization and free trade meant that business was booming.

同時在香港，快速的工業化和自由貿易意味著經濟的蓬勃發展。

In 1997, the tiny territory's GDP was one-fifth of China's.

在1997年，這一小片地方的GDP是全中國的五分之一。

China needed the business connections and financial expertise that Hong Kong brought.

中國需要香港帶來的商業聯繫以及金融專業知識。

Or, at least, it did then.

或者至少，當時是這樣的。

I remember as early as 1983, I told my wife, who was with me in Beijing, quietly that unless China scrapped its current political system, when China get rich one day, it will pose a threat to the world.

我記得早在1983年，我就偷偷地告訴和我一起在北京的太太，除非中國廢除目前的政治制度，否則當中國富裕起來的那天，它將會對全世界構成威脅。

And in the 1990s and 2000s. China did indeed get richer.

而在1990年代和20世紀，中國的確富裕起來了。

The ruling Communist Party cultivated China's global image, opening up trade routes and foreign investment.

執政的共產黨培養了中國的國際形象，開通它的貿易渠道還有國外投資。

Its GDP grew rapidly.

它的GDP迅速成長。

By the mid-2000s, the economic power balance had been well and truly reversed

到了20世紀中，經濟實力平衡已經被完全地翻轉過來了。

And then, in 2012, Xi Jinping effectively became the leader of China and increased the party's grip on power.

接著，在2012年，習近平很有效地成為了中國的領導人，並增加了該政黨對權力的掌控。

He introduced a law in the Mainland, which clamped down on any form of dissent, and then set his sights on Hong kong.

他在內地頒布法律，取締任何形式的異議，然後將目光投向了香港。

To Xi, it was no longer a city of growth but a threat to his dominance.

對於習近平而言，香港再也不是一座不斷成長的城市，而是對其統治地位的威脅。

Over the next few years, the screws tightened on Hong kong.

在接下來的幾年中，香港被逼得越來越緊。

In 2019, Hong Kong's Beijing-back chief executive Carrie Lam introduced a bill which would've allowed criminal suspects in Hong Kong to be tried on the Mainland.

在2019年，由北京所擁護的行政長官林鄭月娥提出了一項法案，允許在香港的犯罪嫌疑人在內地受審。

This is a very important piece of legislation that will help to uphold justice.

這是能夠幫助捍衛正義的很重要的立法。

Hong Kongers like Anna Kwok were horrified.

郭鳳儀和其他人一樣都為此感到恐懼。

I was definitely very angry.

我當時真的非常憤怒。

Like, how dare you do something like that before 2047 when we were supposed to still have our autonomy?

就像是，我們在2047年以前仍應擁有自主權，而你們怎麼敢在那年到來前做那些事？

I was quite worried that people were not going to respond.

我很擔心當時人們不會有所回應。

To my surprise, actually, eventually, people came out to the streets and on June 9th, there was a million people marching on the street.

但事實上讓我驚訝的是，最終人們走上街頭，而在6月9號，數以百萬的人們上街遊行。

But always in the back of my mind, I was always so concerned that how long is this gonna last.

但我在腦海中一直擔心這樣的遊行會持續多久。

And if the government decides to use violence or if the government decides to push hard on us to silence us, are people going to fight back?

而且若政府決定用暴力和強硬手段來讓我們保持沈默，人們會反擊嗎？

The people did fight back, but the huge demonstrations didn't derail the Communist Party's crackdown.

人民確實進行了反擊，但大規模的示威活動並沒有阻止共產黨的鎮壓。

In 2020, it imposed a national security law, which effectively ended Hong Kong's autonomy.

在2020年，共產黨強制實行了國家安全法，很快地結束了香港的自治。

This time, resistance was minimal.

這一次，反抗是很薄弱的。

Huge sections of Hong Kong's society from business leaders to civil servants were silent.

從商界領袖到公務員，香港社會的大部分人都保持沉默。

Why?

為什麼呢？

Because the party had been preparing for this day for a very long time.

因為共產黨為了這一天已經準備很久了。

In the 1980s and 90s, the Communist Party started laying the foundations for taking full control of Hong Kong.

在1980和90年代，共產黨開始為完全掌控香港奠定基礎。

According to one estimate, more than 80,000 officials from the Mainland entered Hong Kong using fake identities.

根據統計，超過80,000位中國官員利用假身份來進入香港。

The aim was for them to infiltrate every sector of society by placing them in key civil service roles and creating underground party cells.

其目的是通過將他們置於關鍵的公務員角色，並建立地下黨組織，以此來滲透到社會的各個階層。

The Communist Party even tried to recruit Ching Cheong.

共產黨甚至試圖招攬過程翔。

Twice I was offered party membership, and twice I declined.

有兩次我被邀請入黨，而我兩次都拒絕了。

The party used a shadowy department known as the United Front to try to cultivate individuals and organizations.

該黨利用一個被稱為聯合陣線的部門，在暗中試圖培養個人和組織。

Hong Kongers were offered money, power, and women in return for cooperation.

香港人得到金錢、權力和女性以換取合作。

One of the United Front's main targets was business, a politically powerful constituency in Hong Kong.

聯合陣線的主要目標之一是商界，這是香港政治上一個有力的選區。

Businessmen might be granted special favors across the border in return for their loyalty.

為換取商人的忠誠，他們可能會被給予跨邊境的特殊好處。

Well, business⏤they want a bigger slice of the market, and China pose a very big market to them; naturally, they would be happy to cooperate with them.

嗯…… 就商界而言，他們會想要更大的市場佔額，而中國對他們而言是一個非常大的市場; 所以他們很自然地願意和共產黨合作。

It wasn't just businesses.

而那不僅僅是商業。

Decades of infiltration meant the police, customs, and immigration were also in the pocket of the party.

數十年的滲透代表著警察、海關和移民也在黨內。

So, when the security law came in, the loyalty of Hong Kong's security forces was never in doubt.

所以，當國安法出現時，香港保安部隊的忠誠度是毋庸置疑的。

It also tried to cultivate relationships with those who made up Hong Kong's vibrant civil society⏤journalists, teachers, lawyers, and academics like Dr. Chung.

它還試圖和組成活躍的香港民間社會的記者、老師、律師和鍾博士這樣的學者培養關係。

For many decades, he's been contacted by so-called middlemen.

數十年來，他一直被所謂的中間人聯絡。

So, what is this, what⏤?

所以這個是什麼？

This is a guy [who] keep in touch with me for at least six years.

這個男人至少和我保持了六年的聯繫。

And whenever he come to Hong Kong, he would come to Hong Kong PolyU to see me, and have dinner or lunch on different issues.

他每次來香港的時候，都會來香港理工大學見我，然後在午餐或晚餐的時候跟我討論一些議題。

He looks very friendly.

他看起來非常友善。

- He wishes you Happy Chinese New Year, Happy Mid-Autumn Festival. - Quite friendly, quite friendly. Yeah, always like that, always like that.

-他祝你新年快樂、中秋節快樂。 -相當友善，相當友善。對，而且每次都這樣，每次都是。

Dr. Chung's experience isn't unusual.

鍾博士的經歷並不罕見。

Many of the Hong Kongers I spoke to said they'd been contacted by middlemen.

很多和我談過的香港人都說他們有被中間人聯絡過。

For decades, the middlemen were courteous and friendly even, but once China imposed the national security law in Hong Kong, the middlemen became a lot more intimidating.

幾十年來，中間人都很彬彬有禮、甚至是友好的，但一旦中國在香港實施國家安全法，中間人就變得更加恐怖。

Someone who was close to the pro-establishment, he told me that, "You are regarded as someone who is not obedient enough, so, you will be in trouble."

一位和建制派關係密切的人告訴我：「你已經被視為不夠服從的人了，所以，你的處境將會很危險」。

Of course, I... I... I took that as a signal.

當然，我……我把它視為一個信號。

And later, he sent me another message, asked me, "Would you consider leaving Hong Kong for a while to take a rest?"

然後接著，他傳給我另一封訊息，問我：「你會不會考慮離開香港休息一會兒？」

Over the past two years, Dr. Chung was approached by the police several times, but he was reluctant to leave his homeland.

過去兩年來，鍾博士被警方多次找上門，但他都不願離開他的家鄉。

One of my best friend and my colleague, he was sentenced to prison for three weeks.

一位我很要好的朋友兼同事，他被判坐三週的牢。

He was always gentle, moderate, of course, firm, and he was sent into prison.

他總是很溫柔、溫和，當然，他也很堅定，然後他就被送進牢裡了。

It is a very important warning fi⏤warning signal, and I realized that going to prison is not as simple as we imagine.

這是一個非常重要的警告訊號，而我了解到進監獄不是我們所想像得那麼簡單的。

My parents are quite aged.

我的父母年事已長。

I imagine a... a situation: Is it tolerable for myself to see my age-old parents come to Stanley prison to see me?

我想像過一個情況：我自己能夠受得了我那年邁的父母到赤柱監獄來看我嗎？

And...

然後……

I would say that....

我這麼講吧……

That imagination is quite saddening.

那種想像實在是讓人很痛心的。

He fled.

他逃亡了。

Now in Britain, Dr. Chung continues to be outspoken.

現在在英國，鍾博士依舊直言不諱。

With his friend, a radio producer, they host a weekly podcast discussing what's going on in Hong kong.

他和一位電台製作人的朋友一起每週主持廣播節目，討論香港正在發生的事情。

When I make a decision to move to [the] UK, I always say that I refuse to switch off my mind, and keep writing and keep talking.

當我決定搬到英國時，我總是說，我拒絕關閉我的思考，我會繼續寫作，繼續發聲。

Even though he's no longer in Hong kong, the middlemen continued to contact him.

儘管他已經不在香港了，那位中間人還是持續地聯絡他。

Anna Kwok is exiled in Washington D.C.

郭鳳儀被流放到華盛頓特區。

She doesn't know if she'll ever be able to return to Hong Kong.

她不知道她是否能夠回到香港。

Part of me thinks that even if I go back to Hong Kong, even if I get jailed for, let's say, 5 years or 10 years, I thought it could be worth it just because that is where I grew up and that is my home, right?

有一部分的我會認為，如果我回到香港，即便我可能要坐5年或10年的牢，我想只要我能夠回到我所生長的地方、我的家，那就可能會是值得的，對嗎？

But then, you know, it was a very hard struggle 'cause you have to decide if you do want to go back, that means that you kind of have to silence yourself.

但然後，你就會知道這是很掙扎的，因為你要決定你是不是真的想回去，那代表著你必須要保持緘默。

She now works for an advocacy group called the "Hong Kong Democracy Council".

她現在為一個名為「香港民主委員會」的宣傳小組工作。

We tried to guide the policy discussion so that we can drive future developments that can discourage the Chinese Communist Party from further eroding our freedoms.

我們試圖引導政策討論，以便我們能夠推動未來的發展，阻止中國共產黨進一步侵蝕我們的自由。

The world should realize first that even though things may seem to be happening just locally in Hong Kong,

世界應該首先意識到，即使這些事情似乎只是在香港本地發生，

actually, they're also trying to use their economic influence as a leverage to control what people in the free world can say or cannot say.

事實上，他們也正試圖用他們的經濟影響力作為槓桿來控制自由世界的人們能說與不能說什麼。

Three years on from the Hong Kong protests, thousands of Hong Kongers have gathered in Parliament Square in London.

香港抗議活動三年後，成千的香港人聚集在倫敦的議會廣場。

Our true identity is always a Hong Konger.

我們的真實身份始終是香港人。

Many Hong Kongers I've spoken to say that Hong Kong isn't just an isolated incident,

很多被我採訪過的香港人說香港不只是一個獨立事件。

and, in fact, there are many lessons for the rest of the world from what has happened to Hong Kong, from the way the Chinese Communist Party has crushed liberalism in the city over the past three years.

而事實上，從香港目前所發生的、從中國共產黨在過去三年在這座城市所粉碎的自由主義，有很多教訓給世界其他區域。

Please don't take freedom and democracy for granted.

請不要把自由和民主視為理所當然。

All the strategies China used to convert Hong Kong, to convert Hong Kong from a... from a free society into autho⏤[an] authoritarian one [is] in operation in your society.

中國用來改造香港的所有策略，將香港從……從一個自由社會變為權威專制，正在你們的社會中運作著。

So, caring for Hong Kong is no longer for Hong Kong's sake, but for your own sake.

所以，關心香港不再是為了香港，而是為了你自己。

To read more about how China crushed Hong Kong, click on the link.

要了解更多關於中國如何鎮壓香港的信息，請點擊連結。

Don't forget to subscribe, and thank you for watching.

不要忘記訂閱，感謝您的收看。