(We recreated a classic psychology experiment to find out...)

（我們重現了一個經典的心理學實驗來找出這個問題的答案......）

Back in the 1940s, there was a psychologist called Dunker.

在 1940 年代，有一位名叫 Dunker 的心理學家。

He gave his participants a candle in a box with some tacks and he asked them to fix the candle on to the wall in whichever way they could.

他給了他的受試者一支放在盒子裡的蠟燭，還有一些釘子，並要求他們以任何可能的方式將蠟燭固定在牆上。

Glucksberg in the 1960s went back to the original Dunker experiments with a different variation.

Glucksberg 在 1960 年代比不同形式重現最初的 Dunker 實驗。

So one group were told that they were given a financial incentive if they did it quickly.

有一組人被告知如果他們迅速完成就會有金錢獎勵。

And another group were told that they were doing it just to see how long this experiment took.

而另一組人被告知，他們這樣做只是為了看看這個實驗需要多長時間。

So what I want you to do is attach the candle to the cork board so (that) when you light the candle, the wax doesn't drip onto the table.

我要你做的事是，把蠟燭固定在軟木塞板子上，這樣當你點燃蠟燭時，蠟不會滴到桌上。

The tack isn't long enough to go through the candle.

釘子不夠長，無法穿過蠟燭。

He's going to light the candle even though it's not fixed to the board, which could actually be very dangerous.

他要點燃蠟燭了，儘管它沒有固定在板子上，這可能會非常危險。

(Dangerous enough for us to have to stop it right there...)

（太危險以至於我們必須在這叫停⋯⋯）

I was just thinking maybe if I put one of the pins at the back of the board.

我只是在想，如果我把釘子放在板子的背面，也許就可以了。

I wasn't expecting the board to catch fire, but you know....

我不知道板子會著火，但你知道的⋯⋯

Trying to create some kind of little cradle.

試著打造出小吊台。

The candle was just falling apart and then all of a sudden, I worked it out.

蠟燭掉下來，然後突然之間我就成功了。

He's actually fixing the box to the wall, in a very unusual type of way.

它正在用很特別的方式把盒子釘到牆上。

This is looking promising, treating the box as an object in its own right and not just a receptacle.

這看起來很有希望，把盒子作為一個物體本身，而不僅僅是一個容器。

(The 'solution' as identified in the original experiment.)

（這是在原實驗中認證的「解決方法」）

(But our first group found equally creative solutions.)

（但我們的第一組都找到相當有創意的方法。）

In the 1960s, surprisingly the people who were offered the financial incentive didn't actually do it as well or as quickly as the people who didn't have the reward.

在 1960 年代，令人驚訝的是，獲得金錢獎勵的人實際上並沒有像沒有獲得獎勵的人那樣做得好或快。

So this participant is starting off well and has done it very quickly. Well done.

這位受試者開始的很順利，而且做得非常快。很棒。

Trying the candle out... oh! The box is coming out. Got it. Using the box for its purpose.

試試蠟燭，歐！她利用了盒子。答對了。利用盒子達到目的。

Some people do freeze under pressure.

有些人在壓力下確實會不動。

Yeah, in a way here, money motivated me to do it. In a way it's in between the lines of creativity and also the money factor.

在某種程度上，金錢促使我去做。誘因介於創意和金錢因素之間。

(Our results were inconclusive, both groups did roughly the same. But our sample size was tiny and hardly scientific.)

（我們的結果沒有定論，兩組的結果大致相同。但我們的樣本量很小，不夠科學。）

There's a lot of evidence now that people do not work for monetary rewards alone.

現在有很多證據表明，人們並不只是為了金錢回報而工作。

They work for intrinsic reasons.

他們因內在原因而工作。

And it's very important for people to have a certain amount of money.

而對人們來說，擁有一定數量的錢是非常重要的。

Beyond that, it ceases to matter.

除此之外，它就不再重要了。

And if you don't have that intrinsic interest, you're not going to be creative and your problem-solving tendencies won't necessarily be so good.

而如果你沒有這種內在的興趣，你就不會有創造力，你解決問題的傾向也不一定會很好。

Thanks for watching.

謝謝你的觀看。

If you enjoyed that, be sure to check out these videos next.

如果你喜歡這個，接下來一定要看看這些影片。

And if you haven't already, hit the subscribe button and click the bell to get a notification each time we upload a new video.

如果你還沒有點擊訂閱按鈕，並點擊鈴鐺以獲得通知。