Name: 最危險的醫生專業 (Most DANGEROUS Doctor Specialties)
Uploaded: 2022-06-15T18:00:44.000Z
Duration: 13 min 51 s

No matter what career you choose, there will often be occupational risks that come along

無論你選擇什麼職業，往往都會有職業風險的出現

Although it’s easy to see the dangers of being a high-voltage power line inspector,

雖然很容易看到作為高壓電線檢查員的危險性。

even the most harmless appearing jobs have their risks – and medicine is no exception.

即使是看起來最無害的工作也有其風險--醫學也不例外。

Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com Although being a doctor may seem like a safe

Jubbal醫生，MedSchoolInsiders.com 雖然當醫生似乎是一個安全的職業，但也是一個很好的選擇。

job, there are some occupational risks that you should be aware of.

工作，有一些職業風險是你應該注意的。

I’m not just talking about carpal tunnel syndrome from charting too much or UTIs from

我說的不僅僅是由於做了太多的圖表而引起的腕管綜合症，也不僅僅是由於做了太多的圖表而引起的尿毒症。

Here are the different occupational hazards that doctors face and which specialties are

以下是醫生面臨的不同職業危險，以及哪些專業是

Needlesticks and other sharps injuries are some of the most common work-related injuries

針刺和其他利器傷害是一些最常見的工作相關傷害

They often occur during procedures or medication administration when a contaminated needle,

它們往往發生在手術或用藥過程中，當一個被汙染的針頭。

scalpel, suture, or other sharp object accidentally punctures the skin.

手術刀、縫合線或其他尖銳物體意外地刺破皮膚。

The problem with these injuries is not the wound itself, but rather the risk of contracting

這些傷害的問題不在於傷口本身，而在於感染的風險。

a blood-borne illness – particularly HIV or hepatitis C.

血液傳播的疾病--特別是HIV或丙型肝炎。

The CDC estimates that approximately 385,000 needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries

疾病預防控制中心估計，大約有385,000次針刺和其他與利器有關的傷害。

occur each year; however, it is difficult to accurately estimate these numbers as many

然而，很難準確地估計這些數字，因為許多人都在為自己的行為負責。

Many people feel ashamed or embarrassed when they stick themselves and worry that disclosing

許多人在粘上自己時感到羞愧或尷尬，並擔心公開

the incident will make their peers and supervisors question their skills and competency or affect

該事件將使他們的同行和主管質疑他們的技能和能力，或影響他們的工作。

Although the estimated risk of contracting a blood-borne illness after exposure to infected

儘管估計在接觸受感染的人後感染血源性疾病的風險很大，但這並不妨礙我們的工作。

blood is low, approximately 0.3% for HIV and 0.2% for HCV according to the CDC, there are

根據CDC的數據，血液中的HIV病毒和HCV病毒的感染率很低，分別約為0.3%和0.2%。

multiple factors that may increase your risk.

Exposure to large quantities of infected blood, exposure to blood from a patient with high

暴露於大量受感染的血液中，暴露於來自高血壓患者的血液中。

viral loads, and being stuck with a hollow-bore needle all increase your risk of infection.

病毒負荷，以及使用空心針頭都會增加你感染的風險。

That being said, there are safety precautions that further mitigate these risks such as

也就是說，有一些安全預防措施可以進一步減輕這些風險，如

Doing so has been shown to reduce the volume of blood transferred by almost a factor of

這樣做已被證明可使轉移的血液量減少近1倍。

Despite the low likelihood of transmission and the additional precautions, however, reporting

儘管傳播的可能性很低，並採取了額外的預防措施，然而，報告

is still crucial given the lifelong consequences of an HIV or HCV diagnosis.

鑑於HIV或HCV診斷的終生後果，這一點仍然至關重要。

When these incidents occur, it is imperative that both the patient and physician are tested

當這些事件發生時，當務之急是對病人和醫生都進行測試

to determine (1) whether exposure to a blood-borne pathogen has occurred and (2) whether the

以確定(1)是否發生了血源性病原體的接觸，以及(2)是否發生了

physician should begin prophylactic treatment.

Surgical specialties are often at higher risk for these types of injuries due to their regular

外科專業由於其經常性的工作，往往在這些類型的傷害上有更高的風險。

exposure to bodily fluids and the use of sharp tools during surgery.

暴露於體液和在手術中使用鋒利的工具。

According to one study examining resident physicians, there was approximately twice

根據一項對住院醫生的研究，大約有兩倍的

the number of needlestick injuries involving surgical residents as there were with non-surgical

涉及外科住院醫師的針刺傷害數量與非外科住院醫師的數量相同。

residents at about one needlestick injury per year for each surgical resident.

每位外科住院醫師每年大約有一次針刺傷。

Emergency medicine physicians also tend to be at higher risk for sharps injuries or exposure

急診科醫生也往往有較高的利器傷害或暴露的風險

to blood-borne illnesses given their regular exposure to blood and other bodily fluids.

鑑於他們經常接觸血液和其他體液，他們對血源性疾病很敏感。

They also perform a variety of procedures involving needles and other sharp tools including

他們還進行各種涉及針頭和其他鋒利工具的手術，包括

central line placement and chest tubes, among others.

Exposure to pathogens through the air or respiratory droplets is another common occupational hazard

通過空氣或呼吸道飛沫接觸病原體是另一種常見的職業危害。

This has been of particular concern as of late due to the coronavirus pandemic.

由於冠狀病毒的大流行，最近這一點特別值得關注。

Despite taking proper precautions, many physicians were still exposed to the virus and became

儘管採取了適當的預防措施，許多醫生仍然接觸到病毒，併成為

sick themselves – some even losing their lives due to the disease.

自己生病--有些人甚至因為這個疾病而失去生命。

Even before COVID-19; however, there has always been a risk of contracting an airborne illness

即使在COVID-19之前，也一直存在著感染空氣傳播疾病的風險。

This includes more common pathogens like flu and other respiratory viruses as well as more

這包括更常見的病原體，如流感和其他呼吸道病毒，以及更多的

dangerous pathogens such as tuberculosis and bacterial meningitis – both of which may

危險的病原體，如結核病和細菌性腦膜炎--兩者都可能

be transmitted through respiratory droplets when a patient coughs or sneezes.

當病人咳嗽或打噴嚏時，可通過呼吸道飛沫傳播。

Because physicians in most specialties regularly interact with patients, most physicians are

因為大多數專科的醫生都經常與病人互動，所以大多數醫生都是

also susceptible to exposure to airborne pathogens.

也很容易接觸到空氣中的病原體。

That being said, some specialties are at higher risk than others.

也就是說，有些專業的風險比其他專業高。

To start, front-line specialties such as family medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine,

首先，一線專業，如家庭醫學、兒科、急救醫學。

and internal medicine are at higher risk given the fact that they are the first point of

由於他們是第一個接觸到的人，內科醫生面臨的風險更高。

Other specialties at high risk for exposure to airborne pathogens are critical care, anesthesiology,

其他接觸空氣傳播病原體風險較高的專業是重症監護、麻醉學。

and pulmonology as they regularly work with patients’ airways and perform a variety

他們經常與病人的呼吸道打交道，並進行各種各樣的工作。

of procedures, such as endotracheal intubation, where they must be near the patient’s face.

的程序，如氣管插管，他們必須靠近病人的臉。

Ear, nose, and throat doctors and ophthalmologists are also at higher risk for airborne exposures

耳鼻喉科醫生和眼科醫生接觸空氣的風險也較高

Lastly, infectious disease physicians would also fall into this category as they work

最後，傳染病醫生也屬於這個類別，因為他們的工作是

closely with patients with diseases that are transmissible through air and respiratory

密切關注可通過空氣和呼吸道傳播的疾病患者。

droplets such as tuberculosis and bacterial meningitis, to name a few.

諸如結核病和細菌性腦膜炎等飛沫，僅舉幾例。

For some specialties, radiation exposure is another occupational hazard.

對於一些專業，輻射暴露是另一種職業危害。

The x-rays, CT scans, and other imaging studies that doctors use to help diagnose patients

醫生用來幫助診斷病人的X射線、CT掃描和其他成像研究

use ionizing radiation to produce images of the body.

使用電離輻射來產生身體的影像。

Although these tests use small doses of radiation and are unlikely to cause any damage in the

儘管這些測試使用小劑量的輻射，並且不太可能對人體造成任何損害。

short term, long-term repeated exposure has the potential to cause cumulative damage to

短時間內，長期重複接觸有可能造成累積性損害。

DNA and subsequent adverse effects -– most notable of which is the increased risk of

DNA和隨後的不利影響--其中最值得注意的是增加的風險。

An increasingly common tool for physicians and surgeons is the fluoroscope.

醫生和外科醫生的一個越來越常見的工具是熒光鏡。

These x-ray devices allow doctors to see into patients’ bodies in real-time to help guide

這些X射線設備使醫生能夠實時看到病人的身體，以幫助指導

The downside, however, is that they expose the physicians to small doses of radiation.

然而，其缺點是它們使醫生暴露在小劑量的輻射中。

There are precautions that physicians take to minimize radiation exposure including wearing

醫生們採取了一些預防措施，以儘量減少輻射暴露，包括佩戴

lead vests to protect against radiation, maintaining appropriate distances to minimize exposure,

鉛背心以防止輻射，保持適當的距離以儘量減少暴露。

並將曝光時間保持在最低限度。

Physicians that use these tools will typically also wear dosimeter badges which monitor their

使用這些工具的醫生通常也會佩戴劑量計徽章，以監測他們的情況。

exposure to ionizing radiation over time to ensure they are well within safe levels.

隨著時間的推移，對電離輻射的暴露，以確保它們遠在安全水準之內。

Although research largely suggests that the risk of an adverse health effect from radiation

儘管研究大多表明，輻射對健康產生不利影響的風險

is low for physicians, regularly being exposed to even low levels of radiation is likely

對於醫生來說，經常暴露在即使是低水平的輻射中也可能是

more harmful than not being exposed to radiation.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, as of 2012, there have been nine reported cases of left-sided

根據克利夫蘭診所的數據，截至2012年，已經有9個報告的左旋肉鹼病例。

brain or head and neck tumors in interventional cardiologists which may suggest an increased

介入性心臟病專家的腦部或頭頸部腫瘤，這可能表明，增加了

risk of brain tumors in doctors who use fluoroscopy.

使用透視的醫生有患腦瘤的風險。

Studies have also demonstrated an increase in chromosomal abnormalities in interventionalists,

研究還表明，干預者的染色體異常情況有所增加。

The specialties most at risk for radiation exposure are diagnostic radiology, cardiology,

輻射風險最大的專業是放射診斷學、心臟病學。

interventional radiology, interventional cardiology, and certain surgical specialties due to the

介入放射學、介入心臟病學和某些外科專業，因為

Other occupational risks that we often don’t consider are neck pain, back pain, and other

我們經常不考慮的其他職業風險是頸部疼痛、背部疼痛和其他

These issues are especially common among surgeons due to the long hours spent standing and the

這些問題在外科醫生中特別常見，因為他們要花很長時間站立和

tendency to shift to poor, ergonomically limited positions to ensure proper exposure and accessibility

傾向於轉移到惡劣的、符合人體工程學的有限位置，以確保適當的暴露和可及性

字幕列表影片播放

最危險的醫生專業 (Most DANGEROUS Doctor Specialties)

chronic

potential

susceptible

mental