Welcome to watch Mojo and today we're counting down our picks for the top 10 most disturbing scientific discoveries.

歡迎來到《觀察》雜誌，今天我們將盤點我們選出的十大最令人不安的科學發現。

Climate change is also caused the sea level to rise.

氣候變化也導致海平面上升。

Just in the last century, sea levels have risen 6.7 for this list will be looking at the scariest and strangest things that scientists have ever discovered.

就在上個世紀，海平面已經上升了6.7 對於這份名單，我們將關注科學家們所發現的最可怕和最奇怪的事情。

What's the most bizarre science fact, you know, share it with us in the comments Number 10 Super Volcano under Yellowstone.

最離奇的科學事實是什麼，你知道嗎，在評論中與我們分享 10號黃石公園下的超級火山。

Mhm As the first national park in the United States, Yellowstone is known for its incredible wildlife, picturesque landscapes and stunning geothermal features, specifically geysers, old faithful and the other geysers and hot springs are the result of volcanic activity under the park.

Mhm 作為美國的第一個國家公園，黃石公園以其令人難以置信的野生動物、風景如畫的地貌和令人驚歎的地熱特徵而聞名，特別是間歇泉，老忠實和其他間歇泉和溫泉是公園地下火山活動的結果。

The Yellowstone's super volcano has had three super eruptions in the past 2.1 million years And scientists believe that all three events led to extinctions and changes in worldwide weather patterns because its eruptions can eject nearly 250 cubic miles of ash, dust and gas, while another super eruption is unlikely to happen anytime soon and the area is under constant supervision.

黃石公園的超級火山在過去210萬年裡有過三次超級噴發。科學家們認為，這三次事件都導致了物種滅絕和全世界天氣模式的變化，因為它的噴發可以噴出近250立方英里的火山灰、灰塵和氣體，而另一次超級噴發不太可能很快發生，該地區一直處於監管之下。

The next major event could significantly alter the world as we know it.

下一個重大事件可能會大大改變我們所知的世界。

Natural systems can can throw us a lot of curve balls.

自然系統可以向我們拋出很多曲線球。

A lot of things can happen that we're not really ready for number nine black holes.

很多事情都可能發生，我們還沒有真正準備好九號黑洞。

While black holes were predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity.

雖然黑洞是由愛因斯坦的廣義相對論預測的。

Even Einstein was skeptical in 1971.

甚至愛因斯坦在1971年也持懷疑態度。

However, several researchers confirmed that an astronomical objects discovered in the previous decade was in fact a black hole it is the fabric of the space time continuum worked back on itself and once you fall in, you are never coming out, black holes are the result of stars exploding into supernovas at the end of their life cycles.

然而，一些研究人員證實，前十年發現的一個天文物體實際上是一個黑洞，它是空間時間連續體的結構反作用於自身，一旦你掉進去，你就永遠出不來了，黑洞是恆星在其生命週期結束時爆炸成超新星的結果。

And those supernovas intern collapsing in on themselves.

而那些超新星的實習生在自己身上坍塌。

They are areas with extraordinary mass and such powerful gravitational forces that not even light can escape their pull.

它們是具有非凡品質和強大引力的區域，甚至連光都無法逃脫它們的牽引。

The largest kind supermassive black holes have the same mass as several million suns.

最大的那種超大品質黑洞的品質與幾百萬個太陽相同。

These enormous objects are large enough to absorb stars, so it's no wonder they feature in so many terrifying science fiction scenes.

這些巨大的物體大到足以吸收恆星，所以難怪它們在這麼多可怕的科幻場景中出現。

Yeah.

是的。

# eight, Lingering Radio Activity.

#8，徘徊的無線電活動。

The lingering potency of radioactive material is pretty disturbing.

放射性物質揮之不去的效力是相當令人不安的。

An extraordinary example comes from the fate of Marie curie.

一個非凡的例子來自於瑪麗-居里的命運。

A brilliant scientist who conducted pioneering research into radio activity.

一位傑出的科學家，對無線電活動進行了開創性的研究。

They emit rays I have called this Radio activity the a plastic anemia that caused her death in 1934 was tied to long term exposure to radioactive materials and x rays, isn't it the most beautiful thing you've ever seen.

它們發出的射線，我稱之為無線電活動，1934年導致她死亡的一種塑膠貧血症與長期接觸放射性材料和X射線有關，這難道不是你見過的最美麗的東西嗎？

And you're sure you're sure of it?

而且你確定你很有把握？

I'm certain yes, It's the most beautiful thing I've ever seen to this day.

我確定是的，這是我至今為止見過的最美麗的東西。

Her cook books and papers from the 1890s are still considered dangerously radioactive and can only be handled when wearing special protective clothing.

她在19世紀90年代的烹飪書和文件仍然被認為具有危險的放射性，只有在穿上特殊的防護服後才能處理。

Both curious remains and her papers are stored in lead lining due to their lingering radio activity.

由於好奇的遺體和她的文件都被儲存在鉛襯裡，因為它們有揮之不去的無線電活動。

It's crazy to think how long radio activity can remain.

想到無線電活動可以保持多長時間，真是瘋狂。

But at least we now have the knowledge and tools to avoid it.

但至少我們現在有知識和工具來避免它。

In high doses of radiation burns, their clothes are contaminated.

在高劑量的輻射燒傷中，他們的衣服會被汙染。

Help me get it all off.

幫我把它全部弄掉。

Number seven Germs The idea that tiny organisms invisible to the naked eye sneak inside us and make us sick only achieved widespread acceptance relatively recently in the late 19th century.

第七號病菌 肉眼看不見的微小生物體潛入我們體內並使我們生病，這一觀點直到19世紀末才得到廣泛接受。

So let's say that this guy has the flu could be any flu and here's a droplet from his sneeze containing.

所以我們說，這個人得了流感，可能是任何流感，這裡有他打噴嚏的飛沫，含有。

If we move in and take a really close look, you see each one of those little purple things is a virus.

如果我們移步並真正仔細觀察，你會發現這些紫色的小東西每一個都是病毒。

Maybe that's because when you think about it, it's so damn creepy.

也許這是因為當你想一想，它是如此該死的令人毛骨悚然。

Before then the miasma theory dominated thought teaching that illness was the result of bad air.

在此之前，瘴氣理論在思想界占主導地位，認為疾病是不良空氣的結果。

Now we know that microorganisms aren't to blame invading our bodies in various ways infiltrating our airways or hitching a lift in our food.

現在我們知道，微生物以各種方式侵入我們的身體，滲入我們的呼吸道或在我們的食物中搭便車，這並不怪罪。

Mhm.

嗯。

Mhm, mm hmm.

嗯，嗯嗯。

Mhm.

嗯。

From mild colds to devastating illnesses, Germs can cause all sorts of maladies of course.

從輕微的感冒到破壞性的疾病，細菌當然可以引起各種弊病。

Now that we know that germs are there, we've been able to develop effective treatments for many of them, but it's still an unnerving discovery.

現在我們知道病菌的存在，我們已經能夠為許多病菌開發有效的治療方法，但這仍然是一個令人不安的發現。

Whoa, No germs!

哇，沒有病菌!

Number six scale of the universe.

宇宙的第六個尺度。

Only in the last century have we come to realize just how old and enormous the universe is.

只有在上個世紀，我們才認識到宇宙是多麼的古老和巨大。

Consider this grain of sand held at arm's length In that tiny area, there are almost 10,000 entire Galaxies that's a quadrillion stars, and as many planetary systems, they say it's a small world, but even our home planet is big enough to house billions of us.

考慮一下這粒沙子，在這小小的區域內，有將近1萬個完整的星系，那是四百億顆恆星，還有同樣多的行星系統，他們說這是一個小世界，但即使是我們的母星，也足以容納我們數十億人。

Our beautiful son is massive compared to earth, but it's tiny compared to the rest of the galaxy, Which contains over 100 billion other stars Beyond our own Milky Way.

我們美麗的兒子與地球相比是巨大的，但與銀河系的其他部分相比，它是微小的，它包含了超過1000億顆其他恆星，超過了我們自己的銀河系。

There are several 100 billion other Galaxies across the known universe, estimated to be about 46.5 billion light years across.

在已知的宇宙中還有幾千億個星系，估計直徑約為465億光年。

This is the cosmos on the grandest scale, we know A network of 100 billion Galaxies.

這是宇宙中最宏大的規模，我們知道一個由1000億個星系組成的網絡。

Beyond that, the vastness of space continues with the total diameter of at least 23 trillion light years.

除此之外，浩瀚的太空還在繼續，總直徑至少有23萬億光年。

Just thinking about it makes our heads spin.

光是想一想，我們的腦袋就會發暈。

I'm freaking out.

我嚇壞了。

# five antibiotic resistant superbugs.

#五種耐抗生素的超級病菌。

Antibiotics are without a doubt one of the most amazing discoveries in medicine and have saved millions of lives.

毫無疑問，抗生素是醫學上最令人驚奇的發現之一，它拯救了數百萬人的生命。

Unfortunately, as medicine advances, so do the things that make us sick.

不幸的是，隨著醫學的發展，使我們生病的東西也在不斷增加。

The bug has this sort of this intrinsic or innate programming to try to survive.

蟲子有這種內在的或與生俱來的程序來試圖生存。

Like all of us, that's what we do as living organisms.

像我們所有人一樣，這就是我們作為生物體的工作。

And the best way we learn how to survive is through adaptation.

而我們學習如何生存的最好方式是通過適應。

Antibiotics are seriously overprescribed and this has helped germs evolve to become resistant to their effects.

抗生素被嚴重超量使用，這有助於病菌進化出對其效果的抗性。

Clostridium difficile, which causes deadly diarrhea is up 400% since 2000 and seven and 67% of salmonella typhoid cases are resistant to at least one antibiotic.

導致致命腹瀉的艱難梭菌自2000年以來增加了400%，7個和67%的傷寒沙門氏菌病例對至少一種抗生素有抗性。

While antibacterial products are incredible, the more we use them, the stronger superbugs become, we're not saying you should stop washing your hands or anything, but maybe reach for a non antibacterial soap if you can the next time you lather up Number four, the powerful unconscious mind, we like to think that we're in charge of our own minds and decisions.

雖然抗菌產品令人難以置信，但我們使用得越多，超級細菌就越強大，我們並不是說你應該停止洗手或什麼，但如果可以的話，下次你可以使用非抗菌肥皂。 第四，強大的無意識思維，我們喜歡認為我們對自己的思想和決定負責。

We don't really understand what is influencing our thoughts, our perceptions, our feelings, our judgments, and so that has a huge effect on our behavior.

我們並不真正瞭解是什麼在影響我們的思想、我們的認知、我們的感覺、我們的判斷，所以這對我們的行為產生了巨大的影響。

But in the late 19th and early 20th centuries Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud popularized the idea that have asked unconscious mind directs our actions, what we perceive isn't really what the data that it's literally out there, but it's a construction that our minds makes using our imagination, it's not really what's there.

但在19世紀末和20世紀初，奧地利精神分析學家西格蒙德-弗洛伊德普及了這樣一個觀點：有問無覺的思想指揮著我們的行動，我們所感知到的並不是真正的數據，它是字面上的，但它是我們的頭腦利用我們的想象力做出的構造，它不是真正的東西。

In the late 19 seventies, american neuroscientist Benjamin libit conducted a famous experiment that seemed to show that unconscious processes precedes conscious decisions.

19世紀70年代末，美國神經科學家本傑明-利比特進行了一項著名的實驗，似乎表明無意識過程先於有意識的決定。

Of course advertisers have known this for a long time taking advantage to create positive associations with their products.

當然，廣告商早就知道這一點，並利用這一優勢為他們的產品創造積極的關聯。

On the upside.

往好的方面看。

Some studies have shown that relying on your unconscious mind can result in better decision making, Especially when it comes to complex decisions.

一些研究表明，依靠你的無意識思維可以導致更好的決策，特別是在涉及複雜的決策時。

These subliminal aspects of everything that happens to us may seem to play very little part in our daily lives, but they are the almost invisible roots of our conscious thoughts.

發生在我們身上的每件事的這些潛意識方面似乎在我們的日常生活中起著很小的作用，但它們是我們有意識的思想的幾乎看不見的根源。

# three dark matter and dark energy.

#三是暗物質和暗能量。

Scientists believe that dark matter makes up 27% of the observable universe and dark energy, 68%.

科學家認為，暗物質佔可觀測宇宙的27%，暗能量佔68%。

What are they, you ask?

你問，它們是什麼？

No one knows.

沒有人知道。

There's something else there, there's something beyond the Galaxies that we see the visible matter.

那裡有別的東西，在我們看到的可見物質的星系之外還有別的東西。

We've known about dark matter since the 19 thirties, When astronomers realized that Galaxies would behave differently without the gravitational effects of Unseen matter.

當天文學家意識到如果沒有看不見的物質的引力作用，星系會有不同的表現時，我們在1930年代就已經知道了暗物質。

But we do know dark matter is there in the same way that we know the wind?

但我們確實知道暗物質的存在，就像我們知道風一樣？

Is there because we see the trees move.

是否有，因為我們看到樹在動。

We have so much evidence for it, including the fact that the gravity it generates is literally holding the cosmos together.

我們有這麼多的證據，包括它產生的引力實際上是把宇宙固定在一起的事實。

Our knowledge of dark energy is more recent.

我們對暗能量的認識是最近才有的。

In 1998, researchers discovered that the rate at which the universe is expanding is accelerating.

1998年，研究人員發現，宇宙膨脹的速度正在加快。

The leading explanation is that the causes an unknown form of energy.

最主要的解釋是，原因是一種未知的能量形式。

At the end, we concluded that actually the universe really isn't slowing down, it's actually speeding up in its expansion.

最後，我們得出結論，實際上宇宙真的沒有放緩，它實際上是在加速膨脹。

That means that only about 5% of the universe is made up of something that we somewhat understand.

這意味著只有大約5%的宇宙是由我們有點了解的東西組成的。

# two mass extinctions.

#兩次大規模滅絕。

Life finds a way right.

生活會有辦法的。

Well, not all the time, thanks to the work of paleontologists, we now know that there have been at least five periods throughout history where countless species have disappeared off the face of the planet.

嗯，不是所有的時間，由於古生物學家的工作，我們現在知道，在整個歷史上至少有五個時期，無數的物種從地球表面消失。

The worst that we know about the Permian Triassic extinction 250 million years ago Killed off 90% of the planet species before the biggest extinction event ever.

我們所知道的最糟糕的二疊紀三疊紀大滅絕 2.5億年前，在有史以來最大的滅絕事件之前，地球上90%的物種被殺死。

The Permian Triassic mass extinction.

二疊紀三疊紀大滅絕。

There were huge diversities of different types of animals.

這裡有大量不同類型的動物。

The most recent was the cretaceous tertiary extinction that killed off the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

最近的一次是6500萬年前的白堊紀第三紀大滅絕，它使恐龍滅絕。

Famously, there was a big asteroid impact, probably the biggest asteroid impact in the last half a billion years.

著名的是，有一個大的小行星撞擊，可能是過去5億年中最大的小行星撞擊。

Many scientists believe that due to human activity, the earth is currently experiencing 1/6 mass extinction, With about 900 species disappearing in the last five centuries and one million more now at risk.

許多科學家認為，由於人類活動，地球目前正在經歷1/6的大規模滅絕，在過去的五個世紀中，大約有900個物種消失，現在還有100萬個物種面臨危險。

Before we continue, be sure to subscribe to our channel and ring the bell to get notified about our latest videos.

在我們繼續之前，請務必訂閱我們的頻道並按鈴，以獲得我們最新的視頻通知。

You have the option to be notified for occasional videos or all of them.

你可以選擇偶爾的視頻或所有的視頻都被通知。

If you're on your phone, make sure you go into your settings and switch on notifications number one climate change from receding glaciers to more intense hurricane seasons.

如果你在手機上，確保你進入設置，打開從冰川消退到更強烈的颶風季節的第一號氣候變化通知。

We see the impacts of climate change everywhere.

我們到處看到氣候變化的影響。

While earth does have natural cycles of changing temperatures, this warming cycle is unlike anything the planet has ever experienced climate change as we know it today is characterized by an abrupt increase in the earth's temperature.

雖然地球確實有溫度變化的自然週期，但這個變暖週期不同於地球曾經經歷過的任何事情，我們今天知道的氣候變化的特點是地球溫度的突然上升。

It is estimated to have gotten 1.2 to 1.4°F warmer.

據估計，它的溫度已經變高了1.2至1.4華氏度。

In just the last century, human activities such as burning fossil fuels have released massive amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere, causing major changes since the 19th century.

僅僅在上個世紀，燃燒化石燃料等人類活動就向大氣層釋放了大量的二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體，造成了19世紀以來的重大變化。

The more greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped, strengthening the greenhouse effect and increasing the earth's temperature with skyrocketing greenhouse gasses, it's no wonder we're experiencing drastic shifts in the planet's climate.

大氣層中的溫室氣體越多，越多的熱量被截留，加強了溫室效應，隨著溫室氣體的暴漲，地球的溫度也在增加，難怪我們會經歷地球氣候的劇烈變化。

While there are efforts to reduce the amount of warming we'll see in the coming years, they're currently not enough to achieve the goals established by the paris agreement when it comes to climate change.

雖然有一些努力來減少我們在未來幾年將看到的變暖量，但目前還不足以實現巴黎協議在氣候變化方面所確立的目標。

The main takeaway is that it's real, and although we are part of the cause, we can also be part of the solution.

主要的收穫是，它是真實的，雖然我們是原因的一部分，但我們也可以成為解決方案的一部分。

Do you agree with our picks?

你同意我們的選擇嗎？

Check out this other recent clip from Watch Mojo and be sure to subscribe and ring the bell to be notified about our latest videos.

看看這個來自Watch Mojo的其他最新片段，並確保訂閱和敲鐘以獲得我們最新視頻的通知。