Name: 為什麼西班牙70%的地方是空的 (Why 70% of Spain is Empty)
Uploaded: 2022-05-20T17:01:04.000Z
Duration: 15 min 32 s

This is Spain with more than 47 million people.

這就是擁有4700多萬人口的西班牙。

In an economy of well over $1.2 trillion.

在一個遠遠超過1.2萬億美元的經濟體中。

Spain is the world's 14th largest economy and one of the wealthiest and most developed countries in the world.

西班牙是世界上第14大經濟體，也是世界上最富裕和最發達的國家之一。

The spanish economy is only slightly smaller than Russia's a country with only three times as many people and a lot more land.

西班牙的經濟規模只比俄羅斯這個人口只有三倍、土地多得多的國家略小。

And despite being only a medium sized country itself, Spain has the second highest length of high speed rail lines of any country in the world, only lagging behind china, not the per capita length of high speed rail, but the overall amount of it, which is insane.

而且，儘管西班牙本身只是一箇中等規模的國家，但它的高鐵線路長度在世界各國中排名第二，只落後於中國，這不是高鐵的人均長度，而是總體數量，這是很瘋狂的。

It means that despite only being around the same size as just California, Spain has more than five times the amount of high speed rail lines as the entirety of the United States combined has thus it's incredibly easy to travel rapidly between all of Spain's most major population centers clustered around Madrid in the center and the mediterranean and atlantic coastlines in the south and the north.

這意味著，儘管西班牙的面積與加利福尼亞差不多，但它的高鐵線路數量是整個美國的五倍以上，是以，在西班牙所有最主要的人口中心之間快速旅行是非常容易的，這些中心集中在中部的馬德里和南部和北部的地中海和大西洋海岸線。

但對歐洲來說，奇怪的地方在於此。

It's nearly four times the size of England.

And yet, England is home to nine million more people than Spain is the population density of people in England is more than 4.5 times the density of people that's seen in Spain.

然而，英格蘭的人口比西班牙多900萬，英格蘭的人口密度是西班牙人口密度的4.5倍以上。

And that's largely true across the entirety of europe.

而這在整個歐洲基本上是真實的。

And the big reason why is because there's a lot of empty land in Spain between Madrid in the center and the big cities on the coast where all those fancy high speed rail lines connect to the land is pretty much empty of people almost everywhere forming this weird vacant donut shaped population void throughout the entirety of the country's interior.

而最大的原因是，在西班牙中部的馬德里和沿海的大城市之間有很多空地，所有這些花哨的高鐵線路連接的土地幾乎到處都沒有人，在整個國家的內部形成了這種奇怪的空洞的甜甜圈形狀的人口空白。

There is therefore the populated and developed Spain that we're all aware of and have maybe traveled to like Barcelona Madrid or Valencia and there's the empty and underdeveloped part of Spain that most of us are woefully unaware of.

是以，有一個我們都知道的人口密集和發達的西班牙，也許已經旅行過，如巴塞羅那馬德里或瓦倫西亞，還有一個空曠和不發達的西班牙部分，我們大多數人都非常不瞭解。

And the difference in population and area between these two sides of spain, outside and within the donut void are genuinely enormous and potentially catastrophic for the entire country, 90% of the spanish population.

而西班牙這兩邊的人口和麵積的差異，在甜甜圈的空隙之外和之內，確實是巨大的，對整個國家，90%的西班牙人口來說，可能是災難性的。

More than 42 million people live within just 30% of the country's total land, clustered around the big cities on the coasts and the notable anomalies of Madrid and Zaragoza in the center.

4200多萬人生活在佔全國總面積30%的土地上，集中在沿海的大城市和中部的馬德里和薩拉戈薩等明顯的反常地區。

And that means that just 10% of the spanish population where only about 4.7 million people live within the remaining 70% of the country's total land area within and around the empty donut shape.

而這意味著只有10%的西班牙人口（大約470萬人）生活在這個空洞的甜甜圈形狀內和周圍的其餘70%的國家總土地面積上。

The population density of this so called empty part of Spain that takes up 70% of the land is only about 18 people per square kilometer on average, which is unparalleled anywhere else in Western europe.

在西班牙這個佔據70%土地的所謂空白地區，其人口密度平均每平方公里只有18人左右，這在西歐其他地方是無法比擬的。

For comparison, that's pretty much the same density of people in Norway or the U.

作為比較，這與挪威或美國的人口密度基本相同。

But then there's certain areas within empty Spain that are substantially more empty than others.

但是，在空蕩蕩的西班牙境內，某些地區的空曠程度大大超過了其他地區。

The ceremony a celta barrick, a region spanning across many of Spain's internal provinces.

儀式a celta barrick，一個橫跨西班牙內部許多省份的地區。

This area isn't small, it's roughly the same size as the US state of West Virginia or the Republic of Ireland.

這個地區並不小，它大約與美國的西弗吉尼亞州或愛爾蘭共和國一樣大。

And yet while those territories have populations of 1.8 million and five million people respectively, the ceremony occult America has little more than 503,000 residents.

然而，雖然這些地區的人口分別為180萬和500萬，但儀式上神祕的美國只有50.3萬多一點的居民。

There's only four localities throughout this entire region with a population of greater than 20,000 people and as a result the average population density throughout it is only about eight people per square kilometer.

整個地區只有四個地方的人口超過2萬人，是以整個地區的平均人口密度只有每平方公里8人左右。

This makes the ceremony occult America the second most sparsely populated region of the entire european union, with even fewer people per square kilometer than either european Russia or the Scottish highlands.

這使得儀式上的神祕美洲成為整個歐洲聯盟中人口第二稀少的地區，每平方公里的人口甚至比歐洲的俄羅斯或蘇格蘭高地都要少。

The only region of the EU that's more sparsely populated and remote is the northernmost region of the Scandinavian peninsula stretching up into the arctic circle lapland where the density is more between two and five people per square kilometer.

歐盟唯一一個人口更稀少、更偏遠的地區是斯堪的納維亞半島最北端的地區，一直延伸到北極圈的拉普蘭，那裡的人口密度多在每平方公里2到5人之間。

Which shockingly isn't that much less than this big region in the middle of temperate Spain which is why some people refer to it as the spanish lapland.

令人震驚的是，這並不比西班牙溫帶中部的這個大區域少多少，這就是為什麼有些人把它稱為西班牙的拉普蘭。

The area is so remote compared to the rest of western europe that for three out of four of the villages and towns within it.

與西歐其他地區相比，該地區是如此的偏遠，以至於其中四分之三的村莊和城鎮都是如此。

It takes more than a 45 minute drive just to reach the nearest actual city.

僅僅到達最近的實際城市就需要45分鐘以上的車程。

A big part of the reason why the specific area is so devoid of people is because of the Iberian system, a medium altitude mountain range that stretches right through the center of Spain and the ceremony Occult America.

特定地區之所以如此沒有人煙，很大一部分原因是伊比利亞系統，這是一箇中等高度的山脈，直接延伸到西班牙的中心和儀式奧祕美洲。

Thus the steep geography, the high average altitude and the resulting dispersion of population centers across the limited inhabitable valleys of the area are among several of the natural explanations for the ceremony.

是以，陡峭的地理環境、較高的平均海拔以及由此產生的人口中心在該地區有限的可居住山谷中的分散，是儀式的幾個自然解釋之一。

Occult America's relative underdevelopment.

This is further enhanced by the fact that within just a 100 kilometer radius of the Iberian System mountains, you'll find the very large population centers of Madrid Valencia, Zaragoza and bilbao, and these are far from the only mountains that limit the expansion of settlements within the country.

更為重要的是，在伊比利亞系統山脈的短短100公里半徑內，你會發現馬德里、瓦倫西亞、薩拉戈薩和畢爾巴鄂等非常大的人口中心，而這些遠不是限制國內定居點擴張的唯一山脈。

There's also the Cantabrian Mountains In the northwest, the Pyrenees along the border with France, the central system that cuts directly across the middle and the vedic system that slices across the Southeast Spain is a very mountainous country and as a result, it has the second highest average elevation of countries within the european union, only remaining behind Austria, which is largely covered by the alps, but mountains alone do not explain the whole story.

還有西北部的坎塔布連山脈，與法國交界的比利牛斯山脈，直接穿過中部的中央系統和橫跨東南的吠陀系統，西班牙是一個非常多山的國家，是以，它的平均海拔在歐盟國家中排名第二，僅次於奧地利，後者主要被阿爾卑斯山覆蓋，但僅有山脈並不能說明全部情況。

Austria and Switzerland are both far more mountainous than Spain is on average, and yet they both are substantially more densely populated.

奧地利和瑞士的平均山地面積都遠遠超過西班牙，但它們的人口密度都大大高於西班牙。

A lot of the further reasons why the spanish interior is so relatively empty is because of a long history of tragedies and centralized government policies.

西班牙內陸地區如此相對空曠的進一步原因，很多是由於長期以來的悲劇和集中的政府政策。

Over the past 50 years, the rural regions of Spain have lost 28% of their populations.

在過去的50年裡，西班牙的農村地區已經失去了28%的人口。

And the story that explains why begins back in the 19 thirties with the rise to power of Francisco franco.

解釋原因的故事要追溯到19世紀30年代弗朗西斯科-弗朗哥的崛起。

The spanish civil war was fought between the left wing republicans and the right wing nationalists for three years between 1936 in 1939.

從1936年到1939年，西班牙內戰在左翼共和黨人和右翼民族主義者之間進行了三年的鬥爭。

Immediately prior to the Second World War and the violence was devastating, leaving around half a million people dead across the country, franco emerged victorious and established a fascist style dictatorship in Spain, closely connected to his Civil War era.

緊接著在第二次世界大戰之前，暴力事件是毀滅性的，全國各地約有50萬人死亡，弗朗哥取得了勝利，在西班牙建立了法西斯式的獨裁統治，與他的內戰時期密切相關。

Allies of Nazi Germany and fascist Italy though, we kept Spain officially neutral throughout World War Two.

雖然是納粹德國和法西斯意大利的盟友，但我們在整個二戰期間保持西班牙的官方中立。

As a result, his dictatorship survived the war and Spain continued to effectively function as an authoritarian right wing police state for decades until his death 30 years later in 1975.

結果，他的獨裁統治在戰爭中倖存下來，西班牙繼續作為一個專制的右翼警察國家有效運作了幾十年，直到30年後的1975年他去世。

And because of that franco ouest era, Spain remained a sort of international pariah state that was relatively isolated for a long time.

而且，由於那個弗朗索瓦時代，西班牙在很長一段時間內仍然是一種相對孤立的國際賤民國家。

Spain didn't join the United Nations until 1955 and didn't join the european economic community, the precursor of the european Union until 1986 decades after it was initially formed independent political parties and trade unions within the country during the dictatorship were banned and the country initially pursued an economic policy of water.

西班牙直到1955年才加入聯合國，直到1986年才加入歐盟的前身--歐洲經濟共同體，在它最初形成的幾十年後，獨裁時期國內的獨立政黨和工會被禁止，國家最初奉行的是水的經濟政策。

He aiming to become completely self reliant in the aftermath of the wide scale destruction from the Civil war.

他的目標是在內戰造成的大範圍破壞之後完全自力更生。

Spain's economy remained stagnant for decades.

西班牙的經濟幾十年來一直處於停滯狀態。

This situation generated a big exodus from Spain of people who came into conflict with the regime or who were experiencing economic hardships and as a result, Spain experienced decades of net emigration out of the country during the post war era, but the real plummeting of the rural countryside began in 1959 after franco introduced the plan destabilization.

這種情況造成了與政權發生衝突或遭遇經濟困難的人大量流出西班牙，是以，西班牙在戰後經歷了幾十年的淨移民出境，但農村的真正暴跌始於1959年弗朗哥推出的破壞穩定計劃。

These were free market and industrial reforms that completely transformed the previously archaic and stagnant spanish economy.

這些都是自由市場和工業改革，完全改變了以前陳舊和停滯的西班牙經濟。

Almost overnight, huge foreign investment came in and industrial areas around the basque country, the northern coast, Barcelona and Madrid exploded with development jobs and opportunities that attracted millions of eager young Spaniards from across the countryside, which gradually fell behind and became neglected to put the sheer pace of industrialization into context.

幾乎在一夜之間，巨大的外國投資湧入，巴斯克地區、北部海岸、巴塞羅那和馬德里周圍的工業區爆發出發展的工作和機會，吸引了數以百萬計的熱切的西班牙年輕人從整個農村來到這裡，這些農村逐漸落後，變得被忽視，以使工業化的巨大步伐成為背景。

In 1946 just after World War Two, the entire country of Spain had only 72,000 private cars.

在第二次世界大戰剛結束的1946年，整個西班牙只有72,000輛私家車。

Just 20 years later, in 1966 there were well over a million cars within the country.

僅僅20年後的1966年，國內的汽車數量遠遠超過100萬輛。

Spain suddenly became the second fastest growing economy in the entire world during the 19 sixties, lagging only behind Japan following franco's death in the end of authoritarianism in 1975 many of those large numbers of emigres returned back to Spain and mostly settled in the newly industrialized areas of the coast or Madrid, regardless of wherever they initially had come from.

在1960年代，西班牙突然成為全世界經濟增長速度第二快的國家，僅次於日本。1975年，弗朗哥去世後，專制主義結束，這些大量的移民返回西班牙，大多定居在沿海或馬德里的新興工業地區，無論他們最初來自哪裡。

And over the past 30 years since the early 19 nineties, Spain has experienced massive, large scale immigration from abroad for pretty much the first time ever in its history.

而自19世紀90年代初以來的30年裡，西班牙經歷了大規模的海外移民，這在其歷史上幾乎是第一次。

As of today, more than 15% of the spanish population were born abroad, the majority of whom were even born outside of europe, largely from Spain's own former colonies across latin America.

截至今天，超過15%的西班牙人口出生在國外，其中大多數人甚至出生在歐洲之外，主要來自西班牙自己在整個拉丁美洲的前殖民地。

This makes Spain the fourth most immigrated to country in europe and the 10th most in the world.

這使得西班牙成為歐洲第四大移民國家和世界第十大移民國家。

And again, the vast majority of them have settled within the limited industrialized areas where there is the most opportunity for these reasons.

同樣，他們中的絕大多數人都在有限的工業化地區內定居，那裡有最多的機會，因為這些原因。

Across the entire 20th century, from 1900 to 2000.

縱觀整個20世紀，從1900年到2000年。

Spain's population in total roughly doubled.

西班牙的人口總數大約增加了一倍。

Despite 11 of Spain's mostly rural, 50 provinces seeing an absolute decline in their overall populations.

儘管西班牙有11個主要是農村的50個省的總人口出現了絕對下降。

And in recent times, Spain's population is hardly growing at all over the last decade.

而最近一段時間，西班牙的人口在過去十年中幾乎沒有任何增長。

Between 2011 and 2021 the population of the country only grew by 0.12% the lowest decade of growth on record for Spain since record keeping began between 18 33 and 18 46 much of that is due to Spain's incredibly low fertility rate, which many demographers.

2011年至2021年期間，該國人口僅增長了0.12%，這是西班牙自1833年至1846年有記錄以來增長最低的十年，其中大部分是由於西班牙令人難以置信的低生育率，許多人口統計學家。

Blaine on Spain's substantial lack of any serious family support policy of all the countries of Western europe.

布蘭對西班牙在所有西歐國家中嚴重缺乏任何嚴肅的家庭支持政策。

Spain spends the least amount on family support limited to only 0.5% of GDP.

西班牙在家庭支助方面的支出最少，僅佔國內生產總值的0.5%。

To put that into perspective, a spanish family would need to have 57 Children.

從這個角度來說，一個西班牙家庭需要有57個孩子。

Just in order to experience the same level of financial support that a family with only three Children would receive in Luxembourg.

只是為了體驗在盧森堡只有三個孩子的家庭所能得到的相同水準的財政支持。

These are all of the factors that have contributed to the long hollowing out of the rural part of Spain over decades, like the province of Teruel, a large amount of which is within the afro mention Suranyi.

這些都是幾十年來導致西班牙農村地區長期空心化的因素，比如特魯埃爾省，大量的農村地區都在非洲人提到的蘇蘭伊省內。

Just look at this chart of Two rules population over time, which remained fairly static until right here between 1960 1970 which was precisely when franco's industrialization program first took off.

只要看看這張圖，兩個規則的人口隨著時間的推移，一直保持著相當的靜態，直到1960年至1970年之間，這正是佛朗哥的工業化計劃首次起飛的時候。

Now, Teruel has only half the amount of people that have had a century ago as tens of thousands emigrated away for better opportunities, leaving behind their tiny villages where the living conditions were often difficult with cold winners high up in the mountains and only very basic amenities and infrastructure and that lack of investment into infrastructure here continues 40% of the small population that remains in Teruel continues to lack any kind of internet broadband coverage and the province only has a single ultra slow train that travels at just 30 kilometers an hour through it, which became a bit of a meme on spanish social media after this video showed even a tractor overtaking it and this is all a very far cry from the more developed parts of Spain, like Madrid, widely regarded as a major tech hub for the entire european continent with high speed rail lines traveling 10 times faster than the slow moving train through.

現在，特魯埃爾的人口只有一個世紀前的一半，因為數以萬計的人為了更好的機會而移民，留下了他們的小村莊，那裡的生活條件往往是困難的，寒冷的贏家在高山上，只有非常基本的設施和基礎設施，在這裡缺乏對基礎設施的投資，40%留在特魯埃爾的人口繼續缺乏任何形式的互聯網寬帶覆蓋，該省只有一個超慢的火車，每小時只行駛30公里。在這段視頻中，甚至有一輛拖拉機超過了它，這在西班牙的社交媒體上成了一個備忘錄，而這一切與西班牙更發達的地區，如馬德里，相差甚遠，馬德里被廣泛認為是整個歐洲大陸的主要科技中心，高速鐵路的行駛速度是慢車的

The lack of investment in infrastructure in these kinds of rural communities continues to make them less attractive places to live in.

這類農村社區缺乏對基礎設施的投資，繼續使它們成為缺乏吸引力的居住地。

And as they become less attractive, less people live there and more move away and the even less attractive they become for investment.

當它們變得不那麼有吸引力時，住在那裡的人越來越少，越來越多的人搬走，它們對投資的吸引力也就越小。

It's all just a pretty vicious cycle and the spanish state has seemingly done very little to ever reverse the overall trend over the decades.

這一切都只是一個相當惡性的循環，而西班牙國家似乎沒有做什麼來扭轉幾十年來的整體趨勢。

And thus this is how we've come to a point now where 90% of Spain's population lives within just 30% of the land, while the remaining scattered few of the 10% live within 70% of the land.

是以，這就是我們現在的情況：西班牙90%的人口只生活在30%的土地上，而10%的人口中剩餘的零星幾個人則生活在70%的土地上。

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而西班牙在未來能夠解決這個問題的唯一途徑，必然是通過增加投資來發展該地區，使之成為真正吸引人居住的地方。 再次，明智的投資是為每個人建立一個安全的未來的最簡單的關鍵，從國家和地區的規模到個人，幸運的是，你可以通過公共點com探索一些自己的個人投資決策，這個視頻的贊助商公共是一個投資應用程序，你可以用任何數量的錢免費投資於股票，交易所交易基金和加密貨幣，正如他們的名字所暗示的，沒有任何佣金。

Public is all about transparency, which is why unlike other commission free investment platforms, which shall not be named public, doesn't sell any of your data to third parties like hedge funds or high frequency traders.

公眾號是關於透明度的，這就是為什麼不像其他免佣金的投資平臺，不應命名為公眾號，不出售你的任何數據給第三方，如對沖基金或高頻交易商。

That's a huge deal because some other commission free brokerage is or actually co owned by these kinds of hedge funds, which obviously don't have your own best interests at heart.

這是一個巨大的交易，因為其他一些免佣金的經紀公司是或實際上是由這些類型的對沖基金共同擁有的，這些基金顯然沒有把你自己的最佳利益放在心上。

That's a great reason to appreciate public dot com all on its own.

這是一個很好的理由來欣賞公共點陣圖本身。

But it's not the only thing that I really like about them.

但這並不是我真正喜歡他們的唯一原因。

They also make it incredibly easy for anyone to invest regardless of the budget, thanks to the power of fractional share ownership.

由於部分股份所有權的力量，它們還使任何人都能令人難以置信地輕鬆投資，無論預算如何。

As an example, if you were wanting to invest in a great company, you found, but you discovered that it has a four digit share price, you might feel pretty hesitant spending what could be an entire month's worth of rent on just a single share of one company, regardless of that company's underlying fundamentals.

舉個例子，如果你想投資一家偉大的公司，你發現，但你發現它的股價只有四位數，你可能會感到相當猶豫，花上可能是一整個月的租金在一家公司的單一股票上，而不考慮該公司的基本面。

And this is where fractional ownership comes very in handy.

而這正是部分所有權非常方便的地方。

Thanks to public, you don't need to put down the entire amount of cash to buy a round number of shares instead, you can just choose the exact dollar amount that you're comfortable with investing.

由於公開，你不需要投入全部的現金來購買整數的股票，相反，你可以只選擇你願意投資的確切美元數額。

And with a single click, you can purchase a fraction of a single share, like $5 or $20 worth of stock, regardless of the overall price of an entire share.

而且，只需一次點擊，你就可以購買單股的一小部分，如價值5美元或20美元的股票，而不考慮整個股票的整體價格。

Best of all, you can try out investing with public right now by clicking the button that's here on screen or by following the link that's down below in the description at public dot com slash R.

最重要的是，你現在就可以通過點擊螢幕上的按鈕或按照下面描述中的鏈接在public dot com slash R上嘗試投資public。

And when you do, you'll also receive a free stock valued between three and $1000 after you create an account and make your first deposit.

而當你這樣做時，在你創建賬戶並進行首次存款後，你還會收到一支價值3至1000美元的免費股票。

Once again, that's public dot com slash R.

再一次，那是公共點com的斜線R。

To claim this offer and get your free stock.

要申請此優惠並獲得免費股票。

 And as always, thank you so much for watching. 

像往常一樣，非常感謝您的觀看。