I'll be listening practice parts three and four by A.

我將在聆聽練習第三和第四部分時，由A.

E help dot com for many more exams, video lessons, join our premium package.

E help dot com更多的考試，視頻課程，加入我們的高級套餐。

Now answer while you listen, just like in the official exam afterwards, I will give you strategies and the answer key so you can get those high band scores.

現在一邊聽一邊回答，就像之後的正式考試一樣，我將給你策略和答案的關鍵，這樣你就可以得到那些高分段的分數。

Let's begin.

讓我們開始吧。

Now turn to section three, Take some time to look at questions.

現在轉到第三節，花點時間看看問題。

21-26 listening Section three, you will hear a radio host and his guest discussing the virtues of various art forms.

21-26聽第三節，你會聽到一個電臺主持人和他的嘉賓討論各種藝術形式的優點。

Now listen carefully and answer questions.

現在仔細聆聽並回答問題。

21 2 26.

21 2 26.

All right, welcome back everyone.

好了，歡迎大家回來。

Our next guest is the curator of a major art gallery in the city who has just released his second book on the virtues of art.

我們的下一位嘉賓是本市一家大型藝術館的館長，他剛剛發佈了他的第二本關於藝術美德的書。

We're pleased to have mr Edgar Patterson here today.

我們很高興今天有埃德加-帕特森先生在這裡。

Welcome to the show sir.

歡迎來到節目，先生。

Thank you for having me on.

謝謝你邀請我參加。

It's a pleasure to be here.

我很高興來到這裡。

And please call me Edgar Edgar of course.

當然也請叫我埃德加-埃德加。

Now in your first book, published four years ago, you focused on performance, art works such as plays, musical concerts, films and other such works.

現在在你四年前出版的第一本書中，你專注於表演，藝術作品，如戲劇、音樂會、電影和其他此類作品。

Your second book is a little closer to home for you.

你的第二本書對你來說離家比較近。

It concerns purely creative fine art.

它涉及純粹的創造性美術。

Well, yes, it deals with the aesthetic virtue of different painting styles.

嗯，是的，它涉及到不同繪畫風格的美學美德。

Okay, so give our viewers a quick rundown on what your book is about.

好的，那麼給我們的觀眾快速介紹一下你的書是關於什麼的。

Does it make an argument?

它是否提出了一個論點？

I mean, does your book take a position on a certain issue in the world of art?

我的意思是，你的書是否對藝術世界的某個問題採取了立場？

Yes, My book does take a position and a rather radical one.

是的，我的書確實採取了一種立場，而且是相當激進的立場。

The main thesis of my book is that the meaning we associate with the painting exists purely within ourselves.

我書中的主要論點是，我們與繪畫相關的意義純粹存在於我們自己的內心。

This is in stark contrast to many commentators who believe that the author of a painting gives the painting, it's meaning under this framework.

這與許多評論家的觀點形成鮮明對比，他們認為，在這個框架下，繪畫的作者賦予了繪畫，它的意義。

If an artist intends his painting to represent the fear of an orphan child, then this is the one and only meaning such a painting can have.

如果一個藝術家打算用他的畫來表現一個孤兒的恐懼，那麼這就是這樣一幅畫所能具有的唯一意義。

We might call this the intention theory of art.

我們可以把這稱為藝術的意圖理論。

Conversely, my theory is that no matter what the intention of the other is the meaning of the painting comes from the viewer.

相反，我的理論是，無論對方的意圖是什麼，繪畫的意義來自於觀眾。

The meaning is exactly what the viewer thinks it is.

其含義正是觀眾所認為的。

This solves an important problem with the intention theory of art, namely that we do not have access to the mind of the artist and therefore we do not have access to the painting's meaning at all.

這就解決了藝術意圖論的一個重要問題，即我們無法進入藝術家的思想，是以我們根本無法瞭解繪畫的意義。

Very interesting Edgar, but doesn't the intention theory work as a sort of grounding for artistic analysis.

非常有趣的埃德加，但意圖理論不是作為藝術分析的一種基礎嗎？

What I mean is while we might not know the meaning the artist intended isn't the point of art to try to discern this meaning.

我的意思是，雖然我們可能不知道藝術家的意圖，但藝術的意義不在於試圖辨別這種意義。

If art is just whatever we want it to be or feel it as doesn't that somehow make it less valuable?

如果藝術只是我們想要的或感覺到的任何東西，這不是在某種程度上使它變得不那麼有價值嗎？

That's an astute critique of my position.

這是對我的立場的精闢責備。

But one I have an answer for my response is that art is not merely what we want it to be or feel it as we can still participate in our critique and interpretation.

但我有一個答案，我的回答是，藝術不僅僅是我們想要的，也不僅僅是我們覺得的，因為我們仍然可以參與我們的責備和解釋。

All I want to say is, in the end, it is up to us to discern the meaning and value of paintings on our own.

我想說的是，歸根結底，要靠我們自己去辨別繪畫的意義和價值。

You now have some time to look at questions 27 2 30.

你現在有一些時間來看看第27-30題。

Now, listen to the rest of the discussion And answer questions.

現在，聽一聽其餘的討論，並回答問題。

27 2 30.

27 2 30.

Now, let's talk about one type of controversial art, abstract art.

現在，讓我們來談談一種有爭議的藝術類型，即抽象藝術。

How does your can I call it a subjective theory of meaning?

你的怎麼能說是主觀的意義理論呢？

Yes, that is fair.

是的，這很公平。

Okay.

好的。

How does your subjective theory of meaning apply to something like modern or abstract art art, which doesn't tell an obvious story or have a clear meaning?

你的主觀意義理論如何適用於像現代或抽象藝術藝術，它沒有講述一個明顯的故事或有一個明確的意義？

Many people think that such works of art have no meaning at all.

許多人認為，這樣的藝術作品根本沒有任何意義。

It's certainly an interesting case, but one which my theory is well matched to deal with.

這當然是一個有趣的案例，但我的理論很適合處理這個問題。

You see, abstract art has its critics, like you say, they think it has no meaning at all.

你看，抽象藝術有它的批評者，就像你說的，他們認為它根本沒有意義。

However, other people think abstract works of art have all sorts of meanings now.

然而，其他人認為抽象的藝術作品現在有各種各樣的含義。

Under the intention theory, most of these commentators will be wrong since the work of art either has a meaning or it doesn't, and if it does, then it only has a single meaning.

根據意圖理論，這些評論家大多會錯，因為藝術作品要麼有意義，要麼沒有，如果有，那就只有一個意義。

So under the intention theory, only those critics who discern the specific meaning of the artists will be successful.

是以，在意圖理論下，只有那些能夠辨別藝術家的具體含義的批評家才會成功。

My theory, however, results in each critic being correct in their own way.

然而，我的理論的結果是每個批評家都以他們自己的方式是正確的。

For example, if after critically analyzing a certain abstract work of art, I determine it is meaningless, then it is meaningless because the meaning of an artwork comes from within.

例如，如果在批判性地分析了某件抽象的藝術作品後，我確定它是沒有意義的，那麼它就是沒有意義的，因為藝術品的意義來自於內部。

I cannot be wrong and neither can other people.

我不會錯，其他人也不會錯。

The critic who sees a metaphor for suffering and the critic who views it as something entirely different, are both right.

認為是對痛苦的隱喻的批評家和認為是完全不同的東西的批評家，都是對的。

We are all correct in our interpretation.

我們的解釋都是正確的。

As long as we're given the painting a fair critique.

只要給我們的畫一個公平的責備。

What do you mean by a fair critique?

你說的公平責備是什麼意思？

Well, I mean, it is not enough to merely look at the painting and write it off immediately as meaningless.

好吧，我的意思是，僅僅看一下這幅畫並立即把它寫成毫無意義是不夠的。

One must go through a certain process that said.

一個人必須經歷一定的過程，說。

There are certainly other things That is the end of Section three.

當然還有其他的事情，這就是第三節的結束。

Now turn to section four.

現在轉到第四節。

Take some time to look at questions.

花些時間看看問題。

31-40, listening Section Four, you will hear a lecture about road infrastructure and its connection to economic prosperity.

31-40，聽第四節，你將聽到關於道路基礎設施及其與經濟繁榮的聯繫的講座。

Now listen carefully And answer questions, 31 to 40 roads have been connected to economic prosperity for millennia.

現在仔細聆聽並回答問題，幾千年來，31至40條道路一直與經濟繁榮有關。

The first roads were thought to have been created by repeated animal grazing and then utilized by humans, has already made routes for travel between adjacent lands.

最早的道路被認為是由反覆的動物放牧創造出來的，然後被人類利用，已經為相鄰的土地之間的旅行提供了路線。

These roads, evidence for which exists going back 12,000 years, were likely not connected so much to economic prosperity as to survival itself.

這些道路的證據可以追溯到1.2萬年前，它們很可能與經濟繁榮無關，而是與生存本身有關。

These roads allowed hunter gatherers faster access to greater swaths of land.

這些道路使狩獵採集者能更快地進入更廣闊的土地。

The first paved roads were used in ancient Egypt about 4500 years ago, historians theorize that these roads were the first roads used for trade in our history.

大約4500年前，古埃及使用了第一條鋪面公路，歷史學家推測，這些公路是我們歷史上最早用於貿易的道路。

These roads also would have been used to transport items such as building supplies.

這些道路也會被用來運輸建築用品等物品。

The rivers were much more practical thoroughfares for the transport of goods.

河流是更實用的貨物運輸通道。

Certain goods from certain areas could not be transported by boat, and this necessitated the creation of roads for economic reasons.

某些地區的某些貨物不能用船運輸，這就需要為經濟原因建立公路。

The Silk Road, though not precisely erode, is one of the most famous trade routes in history, composed of many types of road.

絲綢之路雖然沒有確切的侵蝕，但卻是歷史上最著名的貿易路線之一，由多種類型的道路組成。

The Silk Road stretched from china and Thailand in the east, all the way through the Middle East and terminating in Western europe.

絲綢之路從東邊的中國和泰國開始，一直延伸到中東，最後在西歐結束。

These different routes of the Silk Road brought myriad items from the east to the west, including of course silk.

絲綢之路的這些不同路線將無數的物品從東方帶到西方，當然包括絲綢。

This brought economic prosperity to china and surrounding regions for many centuries.

這給中國和周邊地區帶來了許多世紀的經濟繁榮。

The Silk Road was so valuable for commerce that it persisted for over 1500 years.

絲綢之路對於商業來說是如此有價值，以至於它持續了1500多年。

The roman Empire was the first major manufacturer of a system of roads At its height.

羅馬帝國在其鼎盛時期是第一個道路系統的主要製造商。

The Roman empire contained 29 major roads totaling over 75,000 km, that's enough road to go around the world.

羅馬帝國包含29條主要道路，總長超過75,000公里，這些道路足以繞行世界。

Twice notably, this is almost a precise total length of the modern United States Interstate highway system.

兩次值得注意的是，這幾乎是現代美國州際公路系統的精確總長度。

These roads connected the vast lands of the Empire and brought an intertwined economic prosperity to the diverse regions of the Empire.

這些道路連接著帝國廣闊的土地，給帝國不同地區帶來了交織的經濟繁榮。

Furthermore, the roads were used for military transportation, giving the romans a massive strategic advantage over their less advanced adversaries through the Middle Ages, Roads continued to be built and used for trade and commerce though technological advances were virtually non existent, Though Tar-based roads were used briefly in the Arab Empire in the 8th century.

此外，道路還被用於軍事運輸，使羅馬人在中世紀對其不太先進的對手具有巨大的戰略優勢，儘管技術進步幾乎不存在，但道路仍被繼續建造並用於貿易和商業，儘管8世紀的阿拉伯帝國曾短暫使用過以瀝青為基礎的道路。

This technology would not take off for another millennium Today, our roads and highways connect our communities, countries and economies, They are the modern trade routes by which we are all connected to each other.

今天，我們的公路和高速公路連接著我們的社區、國家和經濟，它們是現代貿易路線，我們通過它們相互聯繫。

The modern world would not be possible without the vast expanse of road infrastructure.

如果沒有廣袤的道路基礎設施，現代世界就不可能存在。

One interesting development in the history of road infrastructure was the advent of underground systems.

在道路基礎設施的歷史上，一個有趣的發展是地下系統的出現。

The first such system, the London Underground Opened in 1863.

第一個這樣的系統，倫敦地鐵於1863年開通。

Such subterranean roots greatly increase the volume of human life that a city can sustain, Thus increasing that city's economic output.

這種地下根系大大增加了一個城市可以維持的人類生活量，從而增加了該城市的經濟產出。

London would not be a fraction of the economic powerhouse it is today, without its underground rail system, the same can be said for virtually every other major economic center.

如果沒有地下鐵路系統，倫敦就不會成為今天的經濟強國，幾乎所有其他主要經濟中心也都是如此。

Underground systems are the next generation of economic generators.

地下系統是下一代的經濟發電機。

While roads move goods, which create economic prosperity, underground systems move human capital, which creates further economic prosperity, What is the next great advance in ground transportation?

道路運送貨物，創造經濟繁榮，而地下系統運送人力資本，創造進一步的經濟繁榮，地面交通的下一個巨大進步是什麼？

Some futurists have theorized about a system of tubes propelled by air pressure or other means, which would transport individuals vast distances.

一些未來學家設想了一個由空氣壓力或其他手段推動的管道系統，它可以將個人運送到很遠的地方。

In short times.

在短時期內。

Such a system could move humans at unprecedented speeds.

這樣一個系統可以以前所未有的速度移動人類。

Perhaps with an economic footprint far less than that of subterranean networks.

也許，其經濟足跡遠遠小於地下網絡。

Such tubes could even be built underwater.

這種管道甚至可以在水下建造。

Imagine such a system connecting new york to London or Tokyo to san Francisco.

想象一下，這樣一個系統連接紐約和倫敦或東京和舊金山。

It would be incredible whatever lies ahead for humanity.

無論人類的未來如何，這都將是不可思議的。

Roads have gotten us to where we are and they are very likely to play a prominent role in getting us to where we will be next in one form or another.

道路讓我們走到了今天，而且它們很可能以這樣或那樣的形式在讓我們走到下一個地方時發揮突出作用。

That is the end of Section four.

這就是第四節的結束。

You will now have half a minute to check your answers.

現在你們有半分鐘的時間來檢查你們的答案。

Let's take a look at the answer key and see how many you got correct.

讓我們來看看答案，看看你答對了多少個。

Remember spelling and capitalization matters.

記住拼寫和大寫字母很重要。

You can write in all uppercase letters as long as you have the right spelling.

只要你有正確的拼寫，你可以用所有大寫字母來寫。

It will be marked correctly after you've watched parts one and two of this listening practice.

在你看完這個聽力練習的第一和第二部分後，它將被正確標記。

You can add together your scores and then using our website at a help dot com forward slash score calculator.

你可以把你的分數加在一起，然後用我們的網站a help dot com正向斜線分數計算器。

You can convert your raw score from 40 to your band score out of nine afterwards we'll talk some strategies.

你可以把你的原始分數從40分轉換為你的帶狀分數（滿分9分）之後，我們再談一些策略。

Now let's take a look at the answer key.

現在讓我們來看看答案的關鍵。

Another important tip, especially for parts three and four of listening is pay attention to paraphrasing paraphrasing means to express the same ideas using different words, especially for parts three and four.

另一個重要的提示，特別是對於聽力的第三和第四部分，是注意轉述轉述是指用不同的詞來表達相同的想法，特別是對於第三和第四部分。

The questions often paraphrase the audio meaning that in the questions you will not see the same words that you hear, rather you will see synonyms and to the negatives like stay don't go.

問題往往是對音頻的解讀，意思是在問題中你不會看到與你聽到的相同的詞，而是看到同義詞和否定詞，如停留不要走。

You will also see descriptive paraphrasing and grammatical paraphrasing be familiar with the different kinds of paraphrasing and make sure to pay attention to these so you can catch the correct answers.

你還會看到描述性的轉述和文法性的轉述，要熟悉不同種類的轉述，並確保注意這些轉述，以便你能抓住正確答案。

Last but not least.

最後但並非最不重要。

An important tip to apply in the listening section is logic isles is a logical exam.

在聽力部分應用的一個重要提示是邏輯島是一個邏輯性的考試。

They don't try to purposefully confuse you when you use information that you've already learned from your past schooling as well as your experiences.

當你使用你已經從過去的學校教育以及你的經驗中學到的資訊時，他們不會試圖故意混淆你。

And you apply logic to the questions.

而你運用邏輯來處理這些問題。

You can often figure out the correct answers in the listening section, even if you've missed the information in the audio.

即使你錯過了音頻中的資訊，你也常常能在聽力部分找出正確答案。

So if you had to skip a question, then don't panic.

是以，如果你不得不跳過一個問題，那麼不要驚慌。

Look for logic.

找尋邏輯。