And it occurred to me that symbols like this have come to represent a new kind of emotional currency in Hollywood.

我想到，這樣的符號在好萊塢已經代表了一種新的情感貨幣。

The currency of inter textual Itty the garbage will do inter textual Itty is something in a text in this case a movie that is shaped by another text that could be a film or a book or a play or a song.

文本間的貨幣Itty垃圾將做文本間的Itty是一個文本中的東西，在這種情況下，一部電影是由另一個文本塑造的，可能是一部電影或一本書或一齣戲或一首歌。

Inter sexuality is something that you can't escape.

間的性行為是你無法逃避的事情。

It's as old as storytelling is, it's how language works.

這就像講故事一樣古老，這是語言的運作方式。

All language reaches back and is informed by how it was used in the past, but today there seems to be a new kind of inter textual Itty born out of the endless series of Sequels, remakes and reboots, adaptations and shared universes and it's perfectly captured in that force awakens, clip when the Millennium Falcon is revealed or later, when Han solo and Chewbacca board their ship or later still when BB eight pulls the cover off an old friend, what do we feel in these moments?

所有的語言都可以追溯到過去，並被告知它是如何被使用的，但今天似乎有一種新的文本間的Itty從無盡的續集、重拍和重啟、改編和共享宇宙中誕生，它在《力量覺醒》中被完美地捕捉到了，當千年隼號被揭開時的片段，或者後來，當漢-索洛和楚巴卡登上他們的飛船時，或者後來當BB8把封面從一個老朋友身上拉開時，我們在這些時刻感受到了什麼？

It's a bit hard to pinpoint but personally I feel a kind of frisson, a chill everything I know about the inter textual object in question.

這有點難以確定，但就我個人而言，我感到一種驚恐，一種我對有關的文本間對象的一切瞭解的寒意。

Unloads onto my mind like the vision ray gets when she first touches luke's lightsaber is the weapon of a Jedi Knight, not as clumsy or random as a blaster.

在我的腦海中，就像射線第一次接觸盧克的光劍時得到的視覺一樣，是絕地武士的武器，不像爆破槍那樣笨拙或隨意。

Inter textual references can point to genre conventions.

文本間的引用可以指出體裁慣例。

They can point to the texts influences or cultural and historical contexts.

他們可以指出文本的影響或文化和歷史背景。

But in this new generation of films, more and more, the inter textual manifests itself as objects, people or situations specifically meant to trigger an emotional response in the viewer.

但在這新一代的電影中，越來越多的文本間表現為物體、人或情境，專門用來觸發觀眾的情感反應。

It's weaponized inter textual it.

它是武器化的文本間它。

What's a bit troubling about this trend is that increasingly I'm seeing films use this kind of inter textual reference as a dramatic substitute.

這種趨勢有點令人不安的是，我越來越多地看到電影使用這種文本間的參考作為戲劇性的替代。

I mean, why else include Sarah in the Hobbit trilogy, For example, when he appears nowhere in the book, it seems to me that Saruman galadriel Ceron, that whole plotline was included purely for inter textual pay off so you could cash out that feeling of oh this is what these people were doing, decades old series are right for this kind of thing.

我的意思是，為什麼要在《霍比特人》三部曲中包括薩拉，例如，當他在書中沒有任何地方出現時，在我看來，薩魯曼-加拉德里爾-塞隆，整個情節線被包括在內，純粹是為了文本間的回報，這樣你就可以兌現那種感覺，哦，這就是這些人在做什麼，幾十年前的系列是適合這種事情的。

And if you want a couple examples of just how cheap these moments can be, just take a look at two big inter textual reveals, my name is calm.

如果你想舉幾個例子，說明這些時刻可以有多便宜，只要看看兩個大的文本間的揭示，我的名字是平靜的。

The man you're talking to now.

現在跟你說話的那個人。

The man inside your head this and stuff up Blofeld, surprise, motherfucker scenes like this are a kind of unicorns blood, they'll keep your story alive, but only with half a soul.

你腦子裡的人這和東西了布洛菲爾德，驚喜，孃的場景像這樣是一種獨角獸的血，他們會保持你的故事活著，但只有一半的靈魂。

One of my favorite tv shows when I was a teenager was small film by its very nature, that show was built around inter textual cues.

在我十幾歲的時候，我最喜歡的電視節目之一是小電影，就其本質而言，那個節目是圍繞著文本間的線索而建立的。

What made the show great in the early seasons was how it took those cues and deconstructed them in unexpected ways, namely in the friendship of clark Kent and lex luthor its strength was that fan service payoffs played second fiddle to deeply drawn relationships.

該劇在早期幾季中的偉大之處在於，它如何接受這些線索並以意想不到的方式解構它們，即在克拉克-肯特和萊克斯-路德的友誼中，其優勢在於，粉絲服務的回報在深層次的關係中扮演了次要角色。

But in the later seasons the show began to lean a little too heavily on inter textual objects and moments from the superman canon really, dc comics has always had this problem because its heroes are mythological batman and superman are the quintessential inter textual characters just seeing them at all is exciting.

但在後來的幾季中，該劇開始有點過於倚重超人典籍中的文本間對象和時刻，真的，dc漫畫一直有這個問題，因為它的英雄是神話中的蝙蝠俠和超人是典型的文本間角色，只要看到他們就會很興奮。

But the recent batman V Superman movie directed by Zack Snyder proved that the frisson of having these characters on screen together of having them fight each other was just no substitute for strong, intelligent drama.

但最近由扎克-施奈德（Zack Snyder）執導的《蝙蝠俠大戰超人》（batman V Superman）電影證明，讓這些角色一起出現在銀幕上，讓他們互相爭鬥，這種刺激是無法替代強大的、明智的戲劇性的。

Snyder had a similar issue with his film Watchman.

斯奈德在他的電影《守望者》中也遇到了類似的問題。

Almost every shot in that film is a compositional match to the comic.

該片中幾乎每個鏡頭都與漫畫的構圖相吻合。

It's trying to adapt now for those who read and love that comic, there certainly is a thrill in seeing those frames and experiencing those inter textual moments come beautifully to life.

對於那些閱讀和喜愛那部漫畫的人來說，現在正在努力適應，看到那些框架和體驗那些文本間的時刻，當然會有一種激動的感覺，因為它們漂亮地活了過來。

But when that's all there is The final feeling is an empty one.

但當這就是全部時，最後的感覺是空虛的。

My God, I think when cinematic storytelling is confined by an economic situation like this one where $300 million bets have to be safe ones weaponized.

我的上帝，我認為當電影故事被這樣的經濟形勢所限制，3億美元的賭注必須是安全的武器化。

Inter textual Itty is going to be an inevitable byproduct.

文本間的Itty將是一個不可避免的副產品。

I mean this year alone we have coming up, Finding Dory Independence Day resurgence, Ghostbusters, the Angry Birds movie adjacent born sequel, Rogue One Star Trek Beyond and Warcraft expect to be flooded with weaponized inter textual Itty at every turn.

我的意思是，僅今年我們就有《尋夢環遊記》、《獨立日》復出、《捉鬼敢死隊》、《憤怒的小鳥》電影相鄰的續集、《盜夢空間》、《星際迷航》和《魔獸》，期望動不動就被武器化的文本間Itty淹沒。

As I said before, I don't think franchises and shared universes are bad by default, quite the opposite at their best.

正如我之前所說，我不認為特許經營和共享宇宙是默認的壞事，最好的情況下恰恰相反。

They build interpretive communities and foster social bonds and increasingly alienated world.

他們建立解釋社區，促進社會紐帶和日益疏遠的世界。

The kind of inter textual Itty that we're talking about can reflect these good qualities and when it's done right, when it's not a substitute for strong characters and a good story, it can be funny.

我們正在談論的那種文本間的Itty可以反映出這些良好的品質，當它做得正確時，當它不能替代強有力的人物和一個好的故事時，它可以很有趣。

Excuse me, I'm eric lynch Xavier, don't suck yourself.

對不起，我是艾瑞克-林奇-澤維爾，不要自取其辱。

It can be amusingly subversive and of course it can add to the drama while still being exciting as hell.

它可以是有趣的顛覆性的，當然也可以增加戲劇性，同時還可以讓人興奮得不得了。

Hey everybody welcome to the nerd writer and screen.

大家好，歡迎來到書呆子作家和螢幕。

Thank you so much for watching that.

非常感謝你的觀看。

That was so much fun to make and I love thinking about stuff like this.

這樣做太有趣了，我喜歡思考這樣的東西。

And if you wanna help me make more videos you can click right below here and and pledge a dollar or $3 per video on my Patreon page.

如果你想幫助我製作更多的視頻，你可以在這裡點擊右下方，並在我的Patreon頁面上為每個視頻認捐1美元或3美元。

The small pledges help so much and I'll see you guys next Wednesday.

小小的認捐幫助很大，我們下週三再見吧。

Oh and thank you so much for watching my video on taxes.

哦，非常感謝你觀看我的稅收視頻。

I didn't think I would get a lot of views but people really seem to like it.

我以為我不會得到很多意見，但人們似乎真的喜歡它。