Name: 普京對烏克蘭的戰爭，解釋 (Putin's war on Ukraine, explained)
Uploaded: 2022-05-18T00:15:28.000Z
Duration: 8 min 49 s

[in Russian] "I have made the decision to carry out

Putin called this a "special military operation".

普京稱這是一次 "特別軍事行動"。

But it's clear, this is a full scale invasion.

但很明顯，這是一次全面的入侵。

"There was total panic. Hysteria. Tears.'

"當時完全是驚慌失措。歇斯底里。淚水'。

"I'm not sure if it's like deep enough to help us to survive."

"我不確定它是否像足夠深，以幫助我們生存。"

Russian troops and tanks have  entered Ukraine on all fronts.

俄羅斯軍隊和坦克已經在所有戰線上進入烏克蘭。

All these cities are under attack,  including the capital of Kyiv

所有這些城市都受到攻擊，包括首都基輔

Many are sheltering in basements and  metro stations across Ukraine.

許多人在烏克蘭各地的地下室和地鐵站裡避難。

There have been hundreds of casualties  and over half a million Ukrainians

已有數百人傷亡，50多萬烏克蘭人喪生

This is one of Europe's largest wars  since World War II.

這是自第二次世界大戰以來歐洲最大的戰爭之一。

Since then, Europe's map has been shaped by political alliances.

從那時起，歐洲的地圖就被政治聯盟所塑造。

But now, Putin wants to redraw  Europe's map by force.

但現在，普京想用武力重劃歐洲的地圖。

Putin has long claimed Ukraine belongs to Russia and they are one people.

普京長期以來一直聲稱烏克蘭屬於俄羅斯，他們是一個民族。

"We're not just close neighbors,  we're one nation."

"我們不僅僅是近鄰，我們是一個國家"。

But Ukraine is a sovereign nation with its own  language, culture, and political system.

但烏克蘭是一個主權國家，有自己的語言、文化和政治制度。

And while the two countries  do have a shared history

Ukraine has fought hard for its own identity.

烏克蘭為自己的身份進行了艱苦的鬥爭。

Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.

烏克蘭在18和19世紀是俄羅斯帝國的一部分。

In 1917, the Russian Revolution  brought down the empire

and the region spiraled into a civil war.

Ukraine briefly gained independence  from Russian rule

烏克蘭從俄羅斯統治下短暫獲得獨立

but was quickly taken over by the  newly created Soviet Union

但很快就被新成立的蘇聯接管了

Over the next decade, the Soviet Union  brutally expanded its control.

在接下來的十年裡，蘇聯殘酷地擴大了其控制。

And by the end of WWII, it forged  a sphere of influence over here.

而到了二戰結束時，它在這裡形成了一個勢力範圍。

While the west held its influence over here.

當西方在這裡保持其影響力時。

Essentially dividing Europe and marking the beginning of the Cold War.

基本上分裂了歐洲，標誌著冷戰的開始。

The Soviet Union installed communist governments on their side

蘇聯在他們那邊建立了共產主義政府

這對他們來說是很容易控制的。

But the west developed into democracies  with capitalist economies.

但西方發展成了具有資本主義經濟的民主國家。

The deep ideological divide fueled distrust and tensions between the two sides.

意識形態上的深刻分歧加劇了雙方的不信任和緊張。

And soon these spheres hardened  into military alliances.

很快，這些領域就硬化為軍事聯盟。

In 1949, these countries along,  with the US and Canada

1949年，這些國家與美國和加拿大一起

formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO

組成了北大西洋公約組織，簡稱北約

and promised to defend each other from invasion.

A few years later, these countries joined the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact alliance.

幾年後，這些國家加入了由蘇聯上司的華沙條約組織聯盟。

And each side built up its military to protect itself from the other.

而每一方都建立了自己的軍隊，以保護自己不受對方影響。

Europe remained this way for decades,  until one side finally collapsed.

歐洲幾十年來一直如此，直到一方最終崩潰。

By late 1991, republics like Ukraine began declaring independence from Soviet domination.

到1991年底，烏克蘭等共和國開始宣佈從蘇聯的統治下獨立。

The Soviet Union dissolved into 15 independent countries, including a much weaker Russia.

蘇聯解體為15個獨立國家，包括一個更弱的俄羅斯。

And the Soviet sphere of influence disappeared

as many countries overthrew  their communist governments.

因為許多國家推翻了他們的共產主義政府。

the alliance on the other side of Europe  was still going strong.

歐洲另一邊的聯盟仍在繼續壯大。

In 1999, Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined NATO.

1999年，波蘭、匈牙利和捷克共和國加入北約。

That moved NATO into the old Soviet sphere of influence.

這使北約進入了舊的蘇聯勢力範圍。

Making NATO's border with Russia the longest it's ever been.

使北約與俄羅斯的邊界成為有史以來最長的邊界。

Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia were now the last post-Soviet countries left

白俄羅斯、烏克蘭和格魯吉亞現在是最後剩下的後蘇聯國家。

But Ukraine and Georgia both wanted to join NATO for a long time.

但烏克蘭和格魯吉亞都想加入北約已有很長時間了。

And that made them prime targets for Russia.

而這使他們成為俄羅斯的首要目標。

which brought them a step closer  to becoming a member.

這使他們離成為會員又近了一步。

"This is a historic event for our people."

"這對我們的人民來說是一個歷史性的事件"。

And in 2013, they were going to sign an association agreement with the European Union.

而在2013年，他們將與歐盟簽署一項聯合協議。

Ukraine's pro-Russian government refused.

Instead they chose to strengthen ties  with Russia.

相反，他們選擇加強與俄羅斯的聯繫。

After the decision was announced, hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets

決定宣佈後，數十萬名抗議者走上街頭

[chanting] Ukraine is Europe! Ukraine is Europe!

[誦讀]烏克蘭是歐洲!烏克蘭是歐洲!

After months of peaceful protests, the Ukrainian president cracked down

經過幾個月的和平抗議，烏克蘭總統鎮壓了

Sparking more protests which eventually drove the president out of office and the country.

引發了更多的抗議活動，最終將總統趕下了臺，也趕走了國家。

This meant Putin would lose political influence over Ukraine.

這意味著普京將失去對烏克蘭的政治影響力。

First, he invaded and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula.

首先，他入侵併吞併了烏克蘭的克里米亞半島。

Then, Russia-backed separatists captured  the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk

然後，俄羅斯支持的分離主義分子佔領了頓涅茨克和盧甘斯克地區

and declared them independent of Ukraine.

Since then, Ukraine has been locked in a conflict with Russia that has killed 14,000 people

從那時起，烏克蘭就陷入了與俄羅斯的衝突，已造成14000人死亡。

For nearly eight years, Putin has held on to these regions

近八年來，普京一直把持著這些地區

destabilizing Ukraine, and keeping it from moving closer to the west.

破壞烏克蘭的穩定，使其不向西方靠攏。

But in November 2021, Putin decided  to go all in.

但在2021年11月，普京決定全線出擊。

Satellite images showed at least 100,000 Russian troops and military equipment

衛星影像顯示至少有10萬名俄羅斯軍隊和軍事裝備

Putin repeatedly denied any plans to invade.

普京一再否認有任何入侵的計劃。

But weeks later, he presented his demands to the west.

但幾周後，他向西方提出了自己的要求。

His main demand was that NATO stop expanding

他的主要要求是，北約停止擴張

and move its military borders  back to where they were in 1997

並將其軍事邊界移回1997年時的位置

Instead, they put forces on standby and reinforced their military presence in Eastern Europe.

相反，他們讓部隊處於待命狀態，並加強了他們在東歐的軍事存在。

Back at Ukraine's border, Russian troops continued to gather.

回到烏克蘭的邊境，俄羅斯軍隊繼續聚集。

And over here, along its border with Belarus, Russia began conducting huge military drills.

而在這裡，沿著與白俄羅斯的邊界，俄羅斯開始進行大規模軍事演習。

On February 21st, the threat of war  became real.

2月21日，戰爭的威脅成為現實。

"I consider it necessary to take  a long-overdue decision

"我認為有必要做出一個早該做出的決定

and to immediately recognize the independence

and sovereignty of the Donesk People's Republic

His troops immediately crossed the Ukrainian border into Russian-backed separatist regions

他的部隊立即越過烏克蘭邊境進入俄羅斯支持的分離主義地區