"Mice are the same as rats."

"小鼠和大鼠是一樣的。"

No!

不!

Rats will eat mice.

老鼠會吃老鼠。

"You can't see a bedbug with your naked eye."

"你不能用肉眼看到臭蟲。"

Yes, you can.

是的，你可以。

"A cockroach needs its head to survive."

"一隻蟑螂需要它的頭來生存"。

You know, a cockroach can survive

你知道嗎，一隻蟑螂可以生存

for up to a week without a head.

長達一個星期沒有頭。

Hi, I'm Jim Skinner. I'm the owner of A&C Pest Management.

嗨，我是吉姆-斯金納。我是A&C害蟲管理公司的老闆。

It's a third-generation pest-management company

這是一家第三代的害蟲管理公司

that specializes in green approaches.

專門研究綠色方法的公司。

I'm also an associate certified entomologist.

我也是一名準認證的昆蟲學家。

I've been doing this for 35 years.

我已經做了35年了。

I'm Jody Gangloff-Kaufmann. I'm an entomologist,

我是喬迪-甘洛夫-考夫曼。我是一名昆蟲學家。

and I'm also the coordinator of community IPM

我也是社區IPM的協調人。

at the New York state IPM program at Cornell.

在康奈爾大學的紐約州IPM項目。

And I've been in this job for over 20 years,

而我已經在這個工作崗位上工作了20多年。

working with bedbugs and structural pests.

處理臭蟲和結構性害蟲的工作。

And today, we're going to be debunking myths about pests.

而今天，我們將揭開關於害蟲的神話。

"All mosquitoes bite."

"所有蚊子都會咬人"。

Only female mosquitoes bite.

只有雌性蚊子會咬人。

Female mosquitoes bite humans

雌性蚊子叮咬人類

because they need the protein

因為他們需要蛋白質

in order to produce their eggs.

以產生它們的卵子。

Some mosquitoes actually feed on certain leeches,

有些蚊子實際上以某些水蛭為食。

certain frogs.

某些青蛙。

There's so many different types of mosquitoes.

有這麼多不同類型的蚊子。

There's only a few mosquitoes that actually feed on humans.

只有少數蚊子真正以人類為食。

So, what would I do to protect myself?

那麼，我會怎麼做來保護自己呢？

Well, at the very least, you should be wearing

那麼，至少，你應該穿上

long sleeves and long pants

長袖和長褲

if the weather's appropriate,

如果天氣合適的話。

and if not, you should be wearing repellents.

如果沒有，你應該佩戴驅蟲劑。

"Mosquitoes keep biting you because you're sweet."

"蚊子一直咬你，因為你很可愛。"

Are you sweet?

你可愛嗎？

I am sweet, but they actually prefer to feed on my wife

我很可愛，但他們實際上更喜歡以我妻子為食。

more so than they do me.

比他們對我更有意義。

Mosquitoes are pretty much like we are.

蚊子跟我們差不多。

When we pull off a parkway, you'll see a big McDonald's,

當我們把車停在公園大道上時，你會看到一個大的麥當勞。

you'll see a Burger King, you'll see pizzerias.

你會看到漢堡王，你會看到披薩店。

Whatever they're in the mood for on that particular day

不管他們在那一天的心情如何

is what they're going to go after.

是他們要追求的東西。

And it probably has a lot to do

而這可能與下列因素有很大關係

with what that person has eaten.

與這個人所吃的東西。

True. Everyone puts off a different pheromone,

沒錯。每個人都放出不同的資訊素。

and those pheromones

和那些資訊素

are everything that we've ever eaten in our lives,

是我們一生中吃過的所有東西。

all the little sicknesses we've had in our lives,

我們生活中的所有小病。

and that's what they're mostly attracted to.

而這正是他們最感興趣的地方。

Carbon dioxide and lactic acid are both

二氧化碳和乳酸都是

components of human breath and animal breath

人類呼吸和動物呼吸的成分

that attracts mosquitoes, without a doubt.

吸引蚊子，這一點毫無疑問。

So if you are breathing and the plume of your breath

是以，如果你在呼吸，而你的呼吸的羽狀物

goes in a certain direction,

在某一方向上。

mosquitoes will follow that back to you.

蚊子也會跟著回來找你。

"Head lice jump from one person to another."

"頭蝨從一個人跳到另一個人"。

OK. Well, head lice are not jumpers the way fleas are.

好的。嗯，頭蝨不像跳蚤那樣會跳。

Head lice can only crawl.

頭蝨只能爬行。

But head lice do transfer from person to person

但頭蝨確實會在人與人之間傳播

when there's head-to-head contact or brushes shared,

當有頭對頭的接觸或共用刷子時。

or even hats shared in the wintertime,

甚至是在冬季共享的帽子。

or even in an elementary school

或甚至在小學

where the coats are all stored together in the wintertime.

冬天的時候，這些大衣都存放在一起。

With head lice, it's not a pest-control issue

對於頭蝨，這不是一個蟲害控制問題

as much as it is a health issue.

正如它是一個健康問題一樣。

The best way to get rid of lice is to use combing.

擺脫蝨子的最好方法是使用梳子。

A lice comb is a fine-toothed comb.

蝨子梳是一種細齒的梳子。

There's really no space between the teeth of the comb,

梳子的牙齒之間真的沒有空間。

so when you comb it through hair,

所以當你把它梳理在頭髮上時。

it catches every little thing.

它抓住了每一件小事。

And so it will catch the nits.

是以，它將抓住蝨子。

It's designed to be small enough to catch the nits.

它的設計足夠小，可以抓住蝨子。

Just got to make sure you get real close to the scalp

只要確保你真正接近頭皮就可以了

when you use it.

當你使用它時。

The other treatment for lice is to warm the head,

另一種治療蝨子的方法是溫暖頭部。

to actually blow-dry the hair.

實際上是吹乾了頭髮。

They're pretty delicate creatures.

他們是相當脆弱的生物。

We don't treat the inside of homes for lice

我們不處理家庭內部的蝨子問題

because their life expectancy is so short.

因為他們的預期壽命很短。

The life expectancy of a louse off of the body

蝨子離開身體的預期壽命

is about 36 hours.

約為36小時。

What you'd do in a situation like that: take the bedding,

在這種情況下，你會怎麼做：拿走被褥。

wrap it up, put it into the dryer.

把它包起來，放進烘乾機。

Most dryers are 140 degrees or hotter,

大多數烘乾機的溫度為140度或更高。

and they'll just kill them right then.

他們就會在那時殺了他們。

What's our next one? [gasps]

我們的下一個是什麼？[喘息聲]

"Mice are the same as rats."

"小鼠和大鼠是一樣的。"

No!

不!

Absolutely not.

絕對不是。

They are definitely different animals,

它們絕對是不同的動物。

and they generally don't coexist in the same places,

而且它們一般不在同一個地方共存。

because rats will eat mice.

因為老鼠會吃老鼠。

Mice are not baby rats, either.

老鼠也不是小老鼠。

A baby mouse has very big ears for its size,

一隻小老鼠的耳朵對它的體型來說非常大。

whereas rats have very tiny ears.

而老鼠的耳朵非常小。

Skinner: Take a look at the back foot, the back leg.

斯金納。看一下後腳，後腿。

The foot's a lot longer on a rat than it is a mouse.

大鼠的腳比老鼠的長很多。

You take a look at a snout; a rat snout is a lot more blunt.

你看一下鼻子；老鼠的鼻子要鈍得多。

Gangloff-Kaufmann: Mice can carry diseases like hantavirus,

Gangloff-Kaufmann：小鼠可以攜帶漢坦病毒等疾病。

and they do in this country.

而他們在這個國家確實如此。

Rats can bite people and have caused deaths of babies.

老鼠會咬人，並曾導致嬰兒死亡。

What's the importance of knowing the difference?

知道區別的重要性是什麼？

From a pest-control standpoint,

從害蟲控制的角度來看。

if you want to kill your enemy, you have to know your enemy.

如果你想殺死你的敵人，你必須瞭解你的敵人。

Am I going to use a mouse snap trap,

我是不是要用老鼠夾子。

or am I going to use a rat snap trap?

還是要用鼠夾？

Because if I use a mouse snap trap,

因為如果我用一個老鼠夾子。

that rat could probably use it as a ski.

那隻老鼠也許可以把它當作滑雪板。

You've got to know the biology in order to conquer them.

你必須瞭解生物學，才能征服它們。

"Having cats will keep mice away."

"養貓能讓老鼠遠離"。

I think it really depends on the kind of cat you have,

我認為這真的取決於你有什麼樣的貓。

because a big, happy, fat house cat

因為一隻大的、快樂的、肥胖的家貓

is not probably going to do much about mice.

可能不會對老鼠做什麼。

What I've discovered, though,

不過，我發現的是。

is that a cat that is good at chasing mice

那是一隻善於追趕老鼠的貓嗎？

will just force the mice to hide from the cat

只會迫使老鼠們躲避貓的追捕。

and be in the walls and places inaccessible to the cat.

並在牆內和貓無法接觸到的地方。

So there probably aren't too many good arguments to be made

所以可能沒有太多好的論據可言

for having a cat to keep the mice away.

因為有一隻貓來驅趕老鼠。

If you have a cat that was born and bred

如果你有一隻土生土長的貓

on feeding on mice and things along those lines,

以老鼠為食，以及這些方面的事情。

that's different, but usually those are outside cats.

那是不同的，但通常那些是外面的貓。

I would think a rat

我認為是一隻老鼠

would put up a really good fight with a cat.

會和一隻貓進行一場真正的戰鬥。

And it's not the scratching so much, but the biting.

而且，這不是抓撓的問題，而是咬人的問題。

So we do encourage people to keep their cats indoors,

是以，我們確實鼓勵人們將貓咪放在室內。

and do not rely on them for mouse control.

並且不要依靠它們來控制老鼠。

No.

沒有。

Call a professional.

打電話給專業人士。

Call a professional.

打電話給專業人士。

"Cheese is the most effective lure for mice."

"奶酪是對老鼠最有效的引誘。"

[laughing]

[笑聲]

Gangloff-Kaufmann: No. Skinner: Not!

甘羅夫-考夫曼：不，斯金納。不是!

So, what is the most effective lure, in your opinion?

那麼，在你看來，什麼是最有效的誘餌？

Me, I absolutely love peanut butter,

我，我絕對喜歡花生醬。

as long as there's no peanut-butter allergies

只要不對花生醬過敏就可以了

within that home or the area that I'm treating with.

在那個家庭或我正在治療的地區內。

Sometimes we'll use things like bacon, chocolate, oatmeal.

有時我們會使用培根、巧克力、燕麥片等東西。

Sometimes they don't even go after food,

有時他們甚至不追求食物。

so what we'll do is put in cotton balls.

所以我們要做的是放進棉球。

So we'll tie that right down to the trap,

所以我們要把這一點與陷阱聯繫起來。

and what they'll do is they'll go after the cotton ball

他們會做的是，他們會去找棉球

and try to use it for nesting material.

並試圖用它作為築巢的材料。

It depends upon the environment.

這取決於環境。

Sometimes you need to use sweets;

有時你需要使用甜食。

sometimes you need to use meats.

有時你需要使用肉類。

"A cockroach needs its head to survive."

"一隻蟑螂需要它的頭來生存"。

You know, a cockroach can survive

你知道嗎，一隻蟑螂可以生存

for up to a week without a head.

長達一個星期沒有頭。

Isn't that remarkable?

這不是很了不起嗎？

I don't wait that long. I just step on them.

我沒有等那麼久。我只是踩在他們身上。

Gangloff-Kaufmann: One of the reasons is because

甘洛夫-考夫曼。其中一個原因是

a cockroach's brain is distributed through its body

蟑螂的大腦分佈在它的身體裡

in little groups of ganglia, or nerves.

在小群的神經節，或神經中。

But a cockroach will eventually die without its head,

但是蟑螂沒有了頭，最終會死掉。

because it can't do what?

因為它不能做什麼？

Eat.

吃吧。

That's right. It can't eat, it can't drink,

這就對了。它不能吃，不能喝。

and it will eventually run out of juice.

而且它最終會耗盡果汁。

It'll run out of energy, it will dehydrate,

它將耗盡能量，它將脫水。

and it will starve.

它就會餓死。

Why is it important to get rid of cockroaches?

為什麼除掉蟑螂很重要？

It's such a health hazard.

這對健康有很大的危害。

They're picking up every little thing

他們正在撿起每一件小事

on the hair follicles of their body,

在他們身體的毛囊上。

and as they do, they're walking over your food,

而當他們這樣做時，他們在你的食物上行走。

and they're sharing it with you.

而且他們正在與你分享。

That's No. 1.

這是第1號。

No. 2, it's going to defecate.

第2，它要排便了。

And when it defecates, that fecal matter dries up.

而當它排便時，這些糞便就會變幹。

And when that dries up, it becomes airborne,

而當這些東西乾涸時，它就會變成空氣。

and we get to breathe it in.

而我們可以呼吸它。

How gross is that?

這有多噁心啊？

But it's the reason why inner-city kids

但這也是城市內的孩子們的原因

have the highest rate of asthma.

哮喘的發病率最高。

Cockroach management in the integrated sense

綜合意義上的蟑螂管理

is to locate their harborages, clean those places,

是要找到他們的窩點，清理這些地方。

and then to put out baits that will then kill them,

然後放出魚餌，然後將它們殺死。

and then to clean again.

然後再進行清洗。

"You can't see a bedbug with your naked eye."

"你不能用肉眼看到臭蟲。"

Yes, you can.

是的，你可以。

Here's a full-grown bedbug, and here's a dime.

這是一隻成年的臭蟲，這是一角錢。

Right? So you can definitely see it.

對嗎？所以你肯定能看到它。

These are adult bedbugs, glued to this dish

這些是成年臭蟲，粘在這個盤子上。

so we can demonstrate how big adult bedbugs are.

所以我們可以證明成年臭蟲有多大。

The adult bedbug is about the size of a lentil.

成年臭蟲大約有扁豆大小。

The smallest bedbug,

最小的臭蟲。

and they go through several stages of growth,

而且它們經歷了幾個生長階段。

but the smallest, newly hatched one

但最小的，剛孵化的一個

is about the size of a poppy seed.

大約是罌粟種子的大小。

And we have poppy seeds right here.

而我們這裡就有罌粟籽。

That's how tiny baby bedbugs are.

臭蟲寶寶就是這麼小。

But, unfortunately, they're about the color of the bagel.

但是，不幸的是，它們與百吉餅的顏色有關。

Skinner: Same color!

斯金納。同樣的顏色!

Gangloff-Kaufmann: Instead of the color of the poppy seed.

甘羅夫-考夫曼：而不是罌粟籽的顏色。

"You have ants because your house isn't clean."

"你有螞蟻是因為你的房子不乾淨。"

If you have spills and crumbs and pet food laying around,

如果你有溢出物和碎屑以及寵物食品到處亂放。

you can find ants foraging in your house, definitely.

你可以發現螞蟻在你的房子裡覓食，肯定的。

But, really, people get ants

但是，真的，人們得到了螞蟻

because the outside environment has ants.

因為外面的環境有螞蟻。

And ants are naturally curious foragers.

而螞蟻是天生好奇的覓食者。

They're always looking for water or food.

他們總是在尋找水或食物。

You might have a clean house with no sugar

你可能有一個乾淨的房子，沒有糖

and no crumbs around, but they may still appear

而且周圍沒有面包屑，但仍可能出現

looking for those things.

尋找這些東西。

And it also depends upon the type of ant.

而且這也取決於螞蟻的類型。

In fact, you might have carpenter ants,

事實上，你可能有木匠蟻。

well, because you have a moisture leak somewhere.

嗯，因為你有一個地方漏水。

Might be a window, a doorframe, a soffit.

可能是一扇窗戶，一個門框，一個簷口。

Gangloff-Kaufmann: The odorous house ant [Skinner groans]

江洛夫-考夫曼：有氣味的家蟻[斯金納的呻吟] 。

will come in and nest around warm appliances

會進來並在溫暖的電器周圍築巢

and around the boiler.

和鍋爐周圍。

And they like moisture too,

而且它們也喜歡潮溼。

but they really like the warmth, especially in January.

但他們真的很喜歡這種溫暖，尤其是在1月份。

We don't recommend anything like homemade remedies

我們不推薦任何類似自制的補救措施

or vinegar. That's not going to kill ants.

或醋。這不會殺死螞蟻。

Bleach will not kill ants. Ammonia will not kill ants.

漂白劑不會殺死螞蟻。氨水不會殺死螞蟻。

You need a real ant bait.

你需要一個真正的螞蟻誘餌。

And some of the ant baits we have today are so good

而我們今天的一些螞蟻餌料是如此之好

that they work in tiny doses.

它們在極小的劑量下發揮作用。

"You can feel a tick bite when it happens."

"當蜱蟲發生時，你可以感覺到它的咬傷。"

I got to be honest with you.

我得跟你說實話。

I've been bit by ticks multiple times.

我已經被蜱蟲咬過多次了。

I've never once felt a tick bite.

我從來沒有感覺到被蜱蟲叮咬過。

In their saliva, ticks have an anesthetic.

在它們的唾液中，蜱蟲有一種麻醉劑。

And they also have a blood thinner,

而且他們還有一種血液稀釋劑。

so they can feed on you in a stealth way,

這樣他們就能以隱蔽的方式吸食你。

so you don't feel it,

所以你感覺不到它。

and the blood will not coagulate when they're eating.

而且在他們進食時，血液不會凝固。

However, I think I'm pretty allergic

然而，我想我是很過敏的。

to lone star tick bites.

對孤星蜱咬傷。

Really?

真的嗎？

Yeah, I get a big welt.

是的，我得到了一個大傷痕。

How would you know if you have a tick on you?

你怎麼知道你身上是否有蝨子？

So, the biggest thing is doing a tick inspection.

是以，最大的事情是做一次蜱蟲檢查。

Feels like a skin tag.

感覺像一個皮膚標籤。

Skinner: You could feel your arms, your legs,

斯金納。你可以感覺到你的胳膊和腿。

you've got to check in between your toes, in your armpits,

你必須檢查你的腳趾之間，你的腋下。

even your groin area you have to check.

甚至你的腹股溝區域你也要檢查。

Gangloff-Kaufmann: If you get bitten by a tick